Tb3+和Mn2+离子共掺杂LaPO4的制备方法及其表征

目的以LaPO_4:2%Tb~(3+),X%Mn~(2+)(X=0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.8、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0)作为研究对象,利用X射线衍射、荧光光谱、红外光谱和热重分析等对产物的物相结构、发光性能、热稳定性等进行研究,筛选一种发光性能良好的新型共掺杂磷酸盐发光材料。方法采用水热法制备磷酸盐材料LaPO_4:2%Tb~(3+),X%Mn~(2+),研究改变Mn~(2+)金属离子的掺杂量等对产物的物相结构和荧光性能的影响。结果分析共掺杂的磷酸盐材料LaPO_4:2%Tb~(3+),X%Mn~(2+)的X射线衍射、红外光谱、荧光光谱和热重分析数据。结论 X=0.8,LaPO_4:2%Tb~(3+),X%Mn~(2+)的荧光性能最好,Mn~(2+)和Tb~(3+)离子能够有效掺杂到LaPO_4的晶格中,且不会改变晶体的内部结构;该样品具有很好的热稳定性,该研究结果为共掺杂的磷酸盐材料进一步开发和应用提供了重要的参考和依据。     

Mn~（2＋）/UV催化O_3处理造纸废水的研究

以镁化合物、膨胀珍珠岩为原料,在室温条件下与水混合,干燥后即制得催化剂载体,通过表面负载MnSO4制备成一种新型Mn2＋催化剂。该催化剂平均密度为1.03 g/cm3,略大于水,可在反应器内很好流化。电镜扫描和能谱分析表明,Mn2＋在催化剂载体表面负载及催化性能稳定。对Mn2＋/UV催化O3处理造纸废水进行了试验研究,结果表明,对于COD为523 mg/L的造纸废水,在催化剂投加量为20 g、O3曝气量为60 ml/min、曝气时间为40 min、pH为7、紫外灯照射功率为30 W的最佳条件下,COD去除率可达到73%以上。     

PbO-Bi2O3-B2O3系统玻璃中B3+离子的配位状态

利用红外光谱和喇曼光谱研究了ＰｂＯ－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－Ｂ２Ｏ３系统玻璃结构中Ｂ＾３＋离子的配位状态，研究结果表明：当Ｂ２Ｏ３含量较低时，获得的重金属氧化物玻璃结构中的Ｂ＾３＋离子以单个［ＢＯ３］三角体形式存在，随Ｂ２Ｏ３含量增加，部分［ＢＯ３］三角体转变成［ＢＯ３］三角体转变成［ＢＯ４］四面体；当Ｂ２Ｏ３含量增加到一定程度时，通过［ＢＯ３］三角体与［ＢＯ４］四面体之间的桥氧离子的联接而形成含［ＢＯ３］三     

Ordering of V2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Zoisite, Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH)

The presence of very small amounts of Mn(2+), V(2+), and Fe(3+) ions in zoisite can be easily detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance technique at room temperature. The Mn(2+) and Fe(3+) ions are completely ordered and are probably located in the Ca(1)- and Al(II)-sites, respectively, whereas the V(2+) ions probably occupy both Ca(1)- and Ca(2)-sites, with a preference for the Ca(1)-site.     

Chemico-Viscous Remanent Magnetization in the Fe3O4-yFe2O3 System

The chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) acquired when single-domain size magnetite (Fe(3)0(4)) oxidizes to maghemite (gammaFe(2)O(3)) in a 50-microtesla field at a series of 13 temperatures from 1000 to 6560C is of similar intensity to viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) acquired under the same field and temperature conditions by unoxidized magnetite. The remanences of the oxidized and unoxidized phases also have similar resistances to demagnetization. These similarities imply that the remanence of the oxidized material is a chemico-viscous remanent magnetization (CVRM) having some of the characteristics of both classic growth CRM and thermally activated VRM. At low temperatures in partially oxidized grains, VRM of the magnetite core and growth CRM of the maghemite surface layer contribute about equally to CVRM. Near the Curie point, intensity of CVRM increases to a Hopkinson-type peak. High-temperature CVRM is more resistant to demagnetization than the thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) produced from cooling through the Curie point.     

An Inorganic Double Helix: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism of Chiral [(CH3)2NH2]K4[V10O10(H2O)2(OH)4(PO4)7]{middle dot}4H2O

Very complicated inorganic solids can be self-assembled from structurally simple precursors as illustrated by the hydrothermal synthesis of the vanadium phosphate, [(CH(3))(2)NH(2)]K(4)[V(10)O(10)(H(2)O)(2)(OH)(4)(PO(4))(7)].4H(2)O, 1, which contains chiral double helices formed from interpenetrating spirals of vanadium oxo pentamers bonded together by P(5+). These double helices are in turn intertwined with each other in a manner that generates unusual tunnels and cavities that are filled with (CH(3))(2)NH(2)(+) and K(+) cations, respectively. The unit cell contents of dark blue phosphate 1, which crystallizes in the enantiomorphic space group P4(3) with lattice constants a = 12.130 and c = 30.555 angstroms, are chiral; only one enantiomorph is present in a given crystal. Magnetization measurements show that 1 is paramagnetic with ten unpaired electrons per formula unit at higher temperatures and that antiferromagnetic interactions develop at lower temperatures.     

Fe2+/S2O2-8/S2O2-3体系下噻虫嗪的降解研究

为探讨噻虫嗪在Fe2+/S2O2-8/S2O2-3体系下降解情况,首先通过单因素实验研究了不同Fe2 、S2O2-8和S2O2-3浓度对噻虫嗪降解率的影响,然后通过中心复合实验,研究各单因素之间的相互影响,得出了Fe2 /S2O2-8/S2O2-3体系下Fe2 、S2O2-8和S2O2-3三种离子的最佳配比,建立了噻虫嗪化学氧化降解模型,并确定其最佳降解条件为：Fe2 浓度为0.69 mmol·L-1,S2O2-3为0.69 mmol·L-1,S2O2-8为3.29 mmol·L-1。最后在三种离子最佳配比条件下探究了不同溶液初始pH值、不同底物浓度及其活性氧物种淬灭剂对噻虫嗪的降解情况影响。研究结果表明,噻虫嗪在pH=9.0时降解率较好,噻虫嗪的降解率随着底物浓度的增加而减小,活性氧物种淬灭剂会降低噻虫嗪的降解率。     

Cr6+、Mn7+和Hg2+对青虾的毒性和联合毒性研究

探讨了Cr6 、Mn7 和Hg2 三种重金属离子对青虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)的急性毒性及联合毒性作用。结果表明:Cr6 对青虾的24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度LC50分别为8.937、5.001、3.484、2.241mg/L;Mn7 对青虾24、48、96 h的LC50分别为45.497、34.191、13.293、2.460mg/L;Hg2 对青虾的24、48、72、96 h的LC50分别为0.0415、0.0239、0.0168、0.0131mg/L。急性毒性由强至弱依次为:Hg2 >Cr6 >Mn7 。Cr6 -Hg2 对青虾96 h的联合作用表现为协同作用;Mn7 -Hg2 对青虾的96 h联合急性毒性表现为:低浓度的Mn7 对Hg2 表现为协同作用,低浓度的Hg2 对Mn7 表现为拮抗作用;Mn7 -Cr6 96 h联合急性毒性表现为:高浓度的Mn7 对Cr6 表现为拮抗同作用,而非低浓度的Cr6 对Mn7 均表现为协同作用。并就Cr6 、Mn7 和Hg2 对青虾的急性致毒效应特征、安全浓度以及重金属离子间联合毒性效应进行了分析与探讨。     

Magnetic field-tuned quantum criticality in the metallic ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7

The concept of quantum criticality is proving to be central to attempts to understand the physics of strongly correlated electrons. Here, we argue that observations on the itinerant metamagnet Sr3Ru2O7 represent good evidence for a new class of quantum critical point, arising when the critical end point terminating a line of first-order transitions is depressed toward zero temperature. This is of interest both in its own right and because of the convenience of having a quantum critical point for which the tuning parameter is the magnetic field. The relationship between the resultant critical fluctuations and novel behavior very near the critical field is discussed.     

Dislocations and Flux Pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-delta

Bulk YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) superconductors, under certain processing conditions such as melt texturing, exhibit a very high dislocation density of 10(9) to 10(10) per square centimeter. In addition, the density of low-angle grain boundaries in such samples can be significantly increased (to less than 700-nanometer spacing) through a dispersion of submicrometer-sized Y(2)BaCuO(5) inclusions. These defect densities are comparable to those in high critical current thin films as revealed through scanning tunneling microscopy, and yet the critical current densities in the bulk materials (at 77 kelvin and a field of 1 tesla for example) remain at a 10(4) amperes per square centimeter level, about two orders of magnitude lower than in thin films. The results imply that these defect density levels are not significant enough to explain the difference in flux pinning strength between the thin film and bulk materials. The observation of spiral-like growth of the superconductor phase in bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O is also reported.     

Processing Techniques for the 93 K Superconductor Ba2YCu3O7

Superconductivity above the temperature of liquid nitrogen in copper oxide-based systems has led to optimism that superconductors may at last find wide application. The critical temperature, however, is just one of the required parameters. The materials must be made into usable forms such as wire, thick films, thin films, and bulk ceramics. In addition, the critical current in these various forms is a crucial test of their utility. This article reviews the processing techniques used to fabricate potentially useful forms and assesses remaining problems. Considerable improvement in critical current density is necessary in bulk materials, and thin films need to be made compatible with other thin-film technology.     

The Axial Oxygen Atom and Superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O7

Changes in the copper K-edge x-ray absorption spectrum of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) across the critical temperature indicate that, accompanying the superconducting transition, the mean square relative displacement of some fraction of the Cu2-O4 bonds becomes smaller or more harmonic (or both), that there may be a slight increase in the associated Cul-O4 distance, and that electronic states involving these atom pairs become more atomic-like. If there is an association between the superconductivity and this lattice instability, then the bridging axial oxygen is of central importnce in determining the high tranition temperature of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7). Because this structural perturbation will affect the dynamic polrizability of the copper oxygen sublattice, it is consistent with an excitonic pairing mhanism in these materials.     

Anomalous weak magnetism in superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x

For some time now, there has been considerable experimental and theoretical effort to understand the role of the normal-state "pseudogap" phase in underdoped high-temperature cuprate superconductors. Recent debate has centered on the question of whether the pseudogap is independent of superconductivity. We provide evidence from zero-field muon spin relaxation measurements in YBa2Cu3O6+x for the presence of small spontaneous static magnetic fields of electronic origin intimately related to the pseudogap transition. Our most significant finding is that, for optimal doping, these weak static magnetic fields appear well below the superconducting transition temperature. The two compositions measured suggest the existence of a quantum critical point somewhat above optimal doping.     

First-principles theory for the H + CH4 --> H2 + CH3 reaction

A full-dimensional quantum dynamics simulation of a hydrogen atom reacting with methane on an accurate ab initio potential energy surface is reported. Based on first-principles theory, thermal rate constants are predicted with an accuracy comparable to (or even exceeding) experimental precision. The theoretical prediction is within the range of the significantly varied experimental rate constants reported by different groups. This level of accuracy has previously been achieved only for smaller, three-or four-atom reactive systems. Comparison with classical transition state theory confirms the importance of quantum mechanical tunneling for the rate constant below 400 kelvin.     

活性Al2O3法与CaO＋KH2PO4法处理高氟饮用水的对比

[目的]选择适宜的高氟饮用水处理方法。[方法]针对相同的高氟饮用水水质,利用活性Al2O3吸附法与CaO＋KH2PO4沉淀法进行对比研究,并对2种除氟方法的除氟效果、处理成本、处理周期和出水量等方面作了对比。[结果]将氟化物浓度为1．75mg／L的高氟水降至1．0mg／L以下,吨水活性Al2O3和CaO＋KH2PO4的投加量分别为20．0kg和2．05kg。确定了CaO／KH2PO4的最佳投药量为0．400／0．625,在该配比下得到的水质结果为：氟质量浓度为0．86mg／L,pH值为7．02,总硬度144mg／L,硫酸盐质量浓度68．5mg／L,氯化物质量浓度为46．2mg／L,达到了饮用水水质标准。活性Al2O3吸附法较CaO＋KH2PO4沉淀法的处理周期短,设备和工程投资少,而CaO＋KH2PO4沉淀法在处理效果、出水量以及能耗方面占优势。[结论]活性Al2O3吸附法适用于原水氟化物超标倍数低,且总硬度偏低的高氟水水质;CaO＋KH2PO4沉淀法适用于原水K^＋和PO4^3-偏低的水质。     

Formation of a nematic fluid at high fields in Sr3Ru2O7

In principle, a complex assembly of strongly interacting electrons can self-organize into a wide variety of collective states, but relatively few such states have been identified in practice. We report that, in the close vicinity of a metamagnetic quantum critical point, high-purity strontium ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7 possesses a large magnetoresistive anisotropy, consistent with the existence of an electronic nematic fluid. We discuss a striking phenomenological similarity between our observations and those made in high-purity two-dimensional electron fluids in gallium arsenide devices.     

Large Enhancement in Oxygen Mobility in the Superconductors RBa2Cu3O7 with Increasing Rare-Earth Size

Ultrasonic composite oscillator measurements of the mechanical relaxation in RBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-8) arising from oxygen hopping in the basal chain layer show enhancements in oxygen mobility of 20, 50, and 100 times for R = gadolinium, neodymium, and lanthanum, respectively, above that for R = yttrium. The use of the larger rare earths offers a practical solution to the major problem of slow oxygen diffusion in single crystals and bulk, dense material for wires and melt-textured monolithic bodies.     

The Exclusion of D2O from the Hydration Sphere of FeSO4{middle dot} 7H2O Oxidized by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Infrared spectra demonstrate that neither FeSO(4) . 7H(2)O nor its bacterial or abiotic hydrated oxidation products incorporate deuterium in acid D(2)O solutions. Deuterium exchange occurred as bridging OD when bacterially oxidized iron was precipitated from D(2)O solutions as ferric hydroxysulfates. The exclusion of deuterium depended upon the stabilization of aquated Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes by sulfate ions in outer-sphere coordination and is consistent with the requirement and postulated role of sulfate in iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.     

Inclined-Field Structure, Morphology, and Pinning of the Vortex Lattice in Microtwinned YBa2Cu3O7

A detailed small-angle neutron scattering study of the vortex lattice in a single crystal of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) was made for a field of 0.5 tesla inclined at angles between 0 and 80 degrees to the crystalline c axis. The vortex lattice is triangular for all angles, and for angles less than or equal to 70 degrees its orientation adjusts itself to maximize the pinning energy to densely and highly regularly spaced twin planes. These observations have important implications for the microscopic flux-pinning mechanism, and hence for the critical current achievable in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7). For large angles (about 80 degrees) the vortex lattice consists of independent chains in the orientation predicted by anisotropic London theory.     

外生菌根真菌Paxillus involutus吸收Cd2+及H2O2对Cd2+内流的调控作用

目的本文研究了外生菌根真菌Paxillus involutus对Cd2+的吸收作用以及H₂O₂对Cd2+内流的调控作用。方法以Paxillus involutus的2种菌株MAJ和NAU为研究材料,利用50 μmol/L CdCl₂对材料进行24 h处理,应用非损伤微测技术测定菌丝的Cd2+和Ca2+离子流。结果结果显示,Cd2+处理后,MAJ和NAU菌丝的Cd2+内流增强,同时也显著促进了Ca2+的内流。Ca2+通道抑制剂(Verapamil、GdCl₃、TEA)处理后,Cd2+和Ca2+内流强度均明显减弱,表明Cd2+是通过钙通透性离子通道(CaPCs)进入菌丝细胞的。Cd2+处理促进了Cd2+和Ca2+的内流,很可能是Cd2+激活了菌丝质膜的CaPCs。Ca2+和Cd2+的竞争性实验结果显示,高浓度的Ca2+抑制菌株MAJ和NAU的Cd2+内流;反过来,测试液中Cd2+浓度的提高也明显降低了Ca2+的内流强度,这证明Ca2+和Cd2+是竞争性地通过CaPCs进入菌丝细胞的。此外还发现,H₂O₂(1.0 mmol/L)能增强菌丝的Cd2+和Ca2+内流,而ROS清除剂DMTU却显著抑制了菌株对Ca2+和Cd2+的吸收,表明H₂O₂在调控菌丝细胞CaPCs介导Cd2+内流的过程中具有重要作用。结论 综上,外生菌根真菌Paxillus involutus对Cd2+具有富集作用并且可以通过H₂O₂激活CaPCs促进Cd2+内流。