蛹虫草多糖的硫酸酯化改性研究

以蛹虫草菌粉为原料,采用水提醇沉的方法通过提取、过滤、去蛋白、冷冻干燥从蛹虫草菌丝粉中获得虫草多糖;氯磺酸-吡啶法对其进行硫酸酯化改性,得到硫酸化产物;常规溴化钾混合压片法和硫酸钡比浊法对改性多糖进行硫酸基鉴定,结果表明:硫酸化产物含硫量为19.18%,硫的取代度为2.43。采用氯磺酸-吡啶法对虫草多糖的硫酸化改性是成功的。硫酸酯化前后的虫草多糖红外光谱指标十分接近,说明两者的成分非常相似,硫酸酯化反应后并没有杂质生成。     

Isolation and biological properties of polysaccharide CPS-1 from cultured Cordyceps militaris

A polysaccharide from the water extract of cultured Cordyceps militaris was isolated through ethanol precipitation, deproteination and gel-filtration chromatography. Their molecular weight was determined using gel-filtration chromatography. The structure of polysaccharide CPS-1 was elucidated by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, IR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. CPS-1 was shown to possess a significant antiinflammatory activity and suppressed the humoral immunity in mice but had no significant effects on the cellular immunity and the non-specific immunity.     

东北冬虫夏草药效学实验研究

研究人工栽培东北冬虫夏草的药效学，具有中枢抑制作用，即镇静，催眠，抗惊厥作用和增强免疫作用。     

Effects of the exopolysaccharide fraction (EPSF) from a cultivated Cordyceps sinensis on immunocytes of H22 tumor bearing mice

In order to explore the effects of exopolysaccharide fraction (EPSF) from one of the anamorph strains of Cordyceps sinensis on immunocyte activity of H22 tumor bearing mice, ICR mice were treated with EPSF for 7 days by intraperitoneal injection at doses of 15 mg/kg (low-dose), 30 mg/kg (mid-dose) and 60 mg/kg (high-dose) after H22 tumor cells were implanted. At the end of the experiments, the tumor weight of each mouse was measured. Phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages was tested by neutral red uptake. The TNF-alpha expression of macrophages was assayed by ELISA. Proliferation ability and cytotoxicity of spleen lymphocytes were determined by MTT methods. The mRNA levels of cytokine TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA of spleen lymphocytes were detected by RT-PCR. The results indicated that EPSF not only significantly inhibited the H22 tumor growth, but also significantly elevated immunocytes' activity. It significantly enhanced the phagocytosis capacity of peritoneal macrophages and proliferation ability of spleen lymphocytes at all the three doses; it significantly promoted macrophages' TNF-alpha expression and spleen lymphocytes' cytotoxicity. EPSF also significantly elevated TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA expression of splenic lymphocytes. This experimental finding suggests that EPSF could elevate the immunocytes' activity in H22 tumor bearing mice.     

响应面法优化醋栗多糖制备工艺研究

多糖是醋栗果实中具有重要生理功能的活性成分。以醋栗果实为原料,以醋栗多糖得率为指标,采用响应面法优化醋栗多糖的制备工艺。结果表明,在4种影响因素中,提取温度与提取时间的交互作用对醋栗多糖得率的影响最为显著;提取时间44min,超声功率100W,提取温度57℃,水料比为29∶1,在该条件下醋栗多糖得率为15.79%。该结果为醋栗果实多糖提取工艺研究及功能性成分的开发提供一定的理论基础。     

Structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide POJ-U1a extracted by ultrasound from Ophiopogon japonicus

An ultrasonic technique was employed to extract polysaccharides from Ophiopogon japonicus. The ultrasonic extracted polysaccharides (POJ-U) were purified, and POJ-U1a (a homogeneous fraction) was obtained. The structural characteristics of POJ-U1a were investigated by infrared spectra, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results indicated that the relative molecular weight of POJ-U1a was 4.02 × 10³ Da. POJ-U1a was an α-configuration polysaccharide with a highly branched structure, and consisted of pyranoside and funanside. The backbone of POJ-U1a consisted of 1,6-α-d-glucopyranose and 1,3,6-α-d-glucofuranose in the molar ratio of 7:3, while the branched chains were mainly composed of 1,3-α-d-glucopyranose and 1-α-d-glucopyranose in the molar ratio of 1:3. The branched structure of POJ-U1a was proved intuitively by AFM. Significant antioxidant activity of POJ-U1a has been proved as shown by its DPPH radical scavenging, hydrogen radical scavenging and superoxide anion scavenging activities, which indicated that POJ-U1a showed strong antioxidant activity.     

Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a low-molecular polysaccharide from Dendrobium huoshanense

The present study aimed at investigating the structural features and antioxidant activities of a polysaccharide fraction (DHP1A) obtained from Dendrobium huoshanense, a precious herb medicine in China. DHP1A mainly consisted of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc) and a trace of galactose (Gal), with a molecular weight of 6700 Da. Its backbone contained (1 → 4)-linked α-D-Glcp, (1 → 6)-linked α-D-Glcp and (1 → 4)-linked β-D-Manp, with a branch of terminal β-D-Galp. The in vitro antioxidant evaluation revealed that DHP1A had a remarkable inhibition effect on the FeCl₂-induced lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, DHP1A pretreatment decreased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), and restored the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the level of glutathione (GSH) in the livers of CCl₄-treated mice. These results suggested that DHP1A was a potential antioxidant component in D. huoshanense.     

紫藤扦插育苗初探

紫藤是庭院绿化优良树种,具有很高的观赏价值.应用不同激素处理插穗进行了扦插育苗试验.结果表明,紫藤以嫩枝扦插效果较好,插穗经ABT1号处理,生根率达98%.在移植大田前进行炼苗,可大幅度提高苗木成活率.     

Cyclodepsipeptides from the ascocarps and insect-body portions of fungus Cordyceps cicadae

A new cyclodepsipeptide cordycecin A (1), together with four known ones beauvericin E (2), beauvericin J (3), beauvericin (4), and beauvericin A (5) was isolated from the ascocarps and insect-body portions of fungus Cordyceps cicadae. Their structures were identified by NMR and MS analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 2–5 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on HepG2 and HepG2/ADM cells with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.40 ± 0.37 to 14.48 ± 1.68 μM. Interestingly, compounds 3–5 showed cytotoxic activity against multiple drug resistant HepG2 cell line (HepG2/ADM) with IC₅₀ value 25-fold more sensitive to doxorubicin.     

Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from cultured Cordyceps militaris

Four polysaccharides from the water extract of cultured Cordyceps militaris were isolated through ethanol precipitation, deproteination and gel-filtration chromatography. Their molecular weights were determined using gel-filtration chromatography. Among the four isolated polysaccharides, the structures of two of them (CPS-2 and CPS-3) were elucidated by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, IR and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy.     

冰糖脐橙皮中果胶提取方法研究

实验分别采用混合盐析和乙醇沉淀的方法对从冰糖脐橙皮中提取果胶的条件进行研究与探讨,通过实验分别得出最佳提取条件,并比较2种工艺方法的优缺点。     

不同林区蛹虫草活性成分含量的比较

蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris),别名蛹草、北虫草、北冬虫夏草,是著名药材冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)的近缘种,也是虫草属真菌的模式种,具有和冬虫夏草类似的活性成分和医疗保健功效(梁宗琦,2007).     

牛肝菌多糖脱色方法的研究

用粉末状活性炭作为脱色剂,研究了活性炭用量、吸附时间、脱色温度、多糖溶液pH对美味牛肝菌胞外多糖脱色效果的影响。结果得到了最佳的脱色工艺:30℃,多糖溶液pH值3.5,活性炭用量1.5%,脱色时间2h。     

Antiinflammatory activity of the pectic polysaccharide from Comarum palustre

A pectic polysaccharide named comaruman (CP) was extracted from the aerial part of Comarum palustre with 0.7% aqueous ammonium oxalate and subsequent precipitation with ethanol. Oral administration of comaruman (5-100 mg/kg) was found to reduce a paw edema observed 24 h after injection of 2% formalin in mice. A fraction of comaruman (CP-H9) exhibited a similar antiinflammatory activity. Comaruman, CP deprived of lipid, CP purified by proteins and CP fractions obtained with acidic hydrolysis inhibit spontaneous and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-activated adhesion of peritoneal leukocytes in vitro.     

A new polysaccharide from leaf of Ginkgo biloba L

A water-soluble polysaccharide, GPB, was obtained from leaf of Ginkgo biloba L by hot water extraction followed by precipitation with ethanol and fractionation with gel chromatography. The results of HPLC with TSK-GEL column and gel filtration chromatography with Sepharose CL-6B analysis indicated GPB was uniform in polarity and its molecular weight (MW) was about 10 kDa. The structure of GPB was analysed using chemical methods, IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. GPB has a high branched structure with polygalactose as core part of backbone. The repeating unit of polygalactose consists of 1,6-linked Galactose (Gal) and 1,3,6-linked Gal.     

Rapid selection of catechin-rich tea trees (Camellia sinensis) by a colorimetric method

A rapid and efficient colorimetric method based on the use of Fast Blue B-salt (FBB) was established to select catechin-rich tea trees (Camellia sinensis L.). The catechin levels measured by the colorimetric method under optimized reaction conditions correlated closely with estimations by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The FBB colorimetric method was successfully used to classify 160 tea trees on the basis of their catechin contents into rich and poor lines. HPLC analysis of the FBB-selected tea tree extracts showed them to contain (−)-epigallocatechin 186 mg/g in tea tree line HR-29, (−)-epicatechin 43.7 mg/g in HR-82, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate 4.32 mg/g in HR-29, and (−)-epicatechin gallate 0.22 mg/g in HR-52. Classification of tea trees from the Hadong region into catechin-rich and -poor trees was independent of the growing season. Thus the FBB colorimetric method could find application as a reliable tool in screening and selection of tea trees on the basis of their catechin content.     

Z-ligustilide isolated from Radix Angelicae sinensis ameliorates the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice

We investigated the effect of Z-ligustilide (LIG) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in ICR mice. LIG (2.5–40 mg/kg) or tacrine (10 mg/kg) was orally administrated for 26 days. Behavior was examined in the Morris water maze and Y-maze after scopolamine administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The central acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities were assessed spectrophotometrically. LIG significantly improved spatial long-term memory and short-term memory impairment, inhibited AChE activity and increased ChAT activity. Moreover, LIG and tacrine showed the comparable efficacy in both neurobehavioral and cholinergic evaluation. These data suggest that LIG may alleviate memory deficits probably via enhancing cholinergic function.     

不同产地龙胆多糖含量的比较

测定不同产地龙胆多糖的含量，为龙胆的质量评价提供理论依据。利用超声波提取技术，采用苯酚-浓硫酸法、紫外-可见分光光度法测定左家等10个不同产地龙胆的多糖含量。各不同产地龙胆多糖含量分别为：王岗15．4834％，鸡西4．6988％，绥化4．7662％，左家6．3750％，新宾10．3737％，桓仁8．7152％，本溪6．1526％，安国8．6772％，侯马10．0964％，桃花潭24．8747％。结论：不同产地龙胆多糖的含量差异很大，其中以安徽省桃花潭地区龙胆多糖的含量最多，而黑龙江省鸡西地区的最少。     

NMR characterization for polysaccharide moiety of a glycopeptide

Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional medicinal herb used to treat various diseases in China and Southeast Asia for thousands of years. An aqueous glycopeptide, LZ-B-1, was prepared by successive chromatography and exhibited an immunostimulating potential. To better understand the mechanism of bioactivity for this compound, the polysaccharide moiety of glycopeptide LZ-B-1 was studied by NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that the polysaccharide moiety had a backbone of 1,6-disubstituted-α-galactopyranosyl, 1,2,6-trisubstituted-α-galactopyranosyl, 1,3-disubstituted-β-glucopyranosyl and 1,4,6-trisubstituted-β-glucopyranosyl residues. The branches were mainly composed of 1-substituted-β-glucopyranosyl and 1-substituted-α-fucopyranosyl residues.     

山楂中总黄酮和多糖的提取工艺研究

选择提取次数、浸泡时间、提取时间、溶媒用量等为考察因素,以多糖含量和黄酮含量为评价指标,在单因素分析的基础上运用均匀设计优选山楂的最佳提取工艺。优选出的最佳工艺条件为:水提取3次,加水倍量为14、12、12倍,浸泡时间为60 min,提取时间为3.0、2.5、2.5 h。该提取工艺可将有效成分全部提取,能为工业化生产提供实验依据。