禽大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌混感的诊断与药敏试验

利用采自莱芜市某发病鸡场的病料,研究其致病原因并进行药敏试验。通过运用细菌分离培养鉴定、生化试验来鉴别分离自发病鸡群的致病菌。对采自发病鸡群的细菌进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示,分离自发病鸡群的细菌有2种,分别为大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌。大肠杆菌对头孢曲松与头孢噻肟中度敏感;沙门氏菌对头孢曲松、丁胺卡那中度敏感;对头孢噻肟、庆大霉素、安普霉素、强力霉素敏感。     

灵长类动物肠道沙门氏菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

从13个动物园的非人灵长类动物中采集了384份粪便样品,经过细菌分离培养后,并经染色镜检和生化试验等分离鉴定出153株沙门氏菌,分离率为39.84%。按照美国临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)的判定标准,对分离得到的153株沙门氏菌进行了22种抗生素药物的药敏试验,结果表明,153株均表现出不同的程度的耐药性,其中,羧苄西林的耐药率最高,为95.42%,而亚胺硫霉素最敏感,敏感率为90.20%;且153株沙门氏菌分离株均为多重耐药菌株(n≥2),其中1株的耐药数可达18种之多,耐2~12种抗菌药物的菌株多达123株,占分离菌株的80.39%。从不同动物园分离的沙门氏菌对22种抗生素耐药情况的方差分析来看,在所调查的13个动物园中,不同动物园沙门氏菌分离株的耐药情况也不同。     

鸽场大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及其药敏试验

从某肉鸽场的发病鸽中无菌操作采集心、肝、肠病料用于大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的分离,通过纯化、镜检及生化鉴定,证实分离出的菌株确为大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌。将分离得到的细菌分别接种17种药敏纸片,结果表明,大肠杆菌仅对先锋霉素Ⅴ、氨苄青霉素、吡哌酸和氟罗沙星等药物中度敏感,而沙门氏菌对先锋霉素Ⅴ、环丙沙星、吡哌酸、氧氟沙星和氟罗沙星等多种药物高度敏感。     

杨树花及其复方制剂对兔大肠杆菌的体外抑菌试验

杨树花在民间被作为草药广泛应用，用其水煎剂治疗人的急性肠炎、细菌性痢疾疗效显著，且未发现有毒副作用；对皮肤瘙痒及荨麻疹等也有满意疗效。潘继兰用杨树花防治羔羊痢疾，疗效可达90％以上，潘立辉等、王宪超、梁峰用杨树花治疗羊腹泻，效果很好；黄旭明用杨树花与鱼腥草、苦参等组成复方治疗仔猪白痢也收到很好疗效，笔者等将杨树花与其它中药组成“腹泻康”防治兔腹泻疗效明显。但是，由于对杨树花的使用效果缺乏药理学理论依据，     

鹌鹑致病性大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌混合感染的病原分离鉴定与药敏试验

目的:分离鉴定发病鹌鹑的病原菌,并进行药敏试验。方法:从发病鹌鹑的肝脏和心脏等组织,分离细菌,进行纯化培养、生化试验、小鼠致病性试验和药敏试验。结果:经过实验室诊断确诊为大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌混合感染;用13种常用抗菌药物对分离菌株进行了药敏试验。结果表明,大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、复达欣、新霉素等药物高度敏感;沙门氏菌对复达欣、新霉素、氟哌酸等药物高度敏感。结论:药敏试验结果为规模化鹌鹑养殖场临床合理用药提供了科学依据。     

鸡源致病性大肠杆菌体外药敏试验

鸡源致病性大肠杆菌体外药敏试验秦四海郭庆荣郑洪云王自然（山东临沂农校，２７６０００）吴庆云（山东郯城县兽医站，２７６１００）自１９９３年至今笔者对临沂地区各县市共计６０多个养鸡场和养鸡专业户的大肠杆菌病鸡进行了１００多次药物敏感性体外试验，对大肠杆菌...     

益生元对猪肠道病原菌大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用

肠沙门氏菌（沙门氏菌属）是继弯曲杆菌病之后人类细菌性食源性人畜共患病的第二个原因。猪肉是与暴发相关的沙门氏菌病的第三大重要原因,大肠杆菌病是仔猪中最重要的疾病。综上所述总结大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌感染及发病机制,以及益生元对病菌的抑制作用,以期为养猪业通过饲料预防病原菌提供一些指导。     

阿莫西林与阿米卡星对沙门氏菌的体外联合药敏试验

采用阿莫西林与阿米卡星联用对沙门氏菌进行药物敏感性试验,结果表明阿莫西林、阿米卡星联用对沙门氏菌呈现协同作用.     

猪和野生动物源大肠杆菌及沙门菌中磺胺类药物耐药基因的检测

对从四川省10个规模化猪场和16种野生动物的粪样中分离鉴定出的67株大肠杆菌、57株沙门菌进行了药敏试验。结果，猪源和野生动物源分离菌对磺胺类药物的耐药率分别为72．0％（72／100）和29．2％（7／24）。根据GenBank中登录的序列，设计了3对特异性引物，对磺胺类药物的耐药基因Sul1、Sul2、Sul3进行了三重PCR检测。在这124株细菌中，Sul1基因的检出率最高，为47．6％（59／124），Sul2基因的检出率为17．7％（22／124），Sul3基因的检出率为18．5％（23／124）。药敏试验结果与基因检测结果的符合率为89．9％。     

我国华东地区大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌分离和血清学鉴定

作为我国兽医临床耐药性监测计划的一个起步,对目前畜禽耐药菌株流行情况调查分析.2001年在华东地区选择了5个鸡场和1个孵化厂,进行3次追踪采样和抗菌药使用情况调查,共得到样品254份(泄殖腔拭子165份,饲料、水、尘土57份、饲养员粪便32份).分离到大肠杆菌80株,其中泄殖腔拭子有72株,分离率为43.6%;饲料、水和尘土有4份,分离率为7.0%,饲养员粪便有4株,分离率为12.5%.大肠杆菌0抗原血清型有35种,优势型不明显,O15型最多有8株,占10%.多为每个血清型有1～2株.共分离到沙门氏菌2株,血清型均为O9.所有鸡场采样前均使用过抗菌药.这次调查初步了解该地区抗菌药使用情况及两种细菌在该地区的存在状况和血清型分布,为下一步耐药性检测打下基础.     

鱼塘生态体系中大肠埃希菌和沙门菌的耐药性研究

为了解鱼塘生态体系大肠埃希菌和沙门菌的耐药情况,从广东省佛山某鱼塘随机采集草鱼及生活圈的水土样品中(包括鱼肠内容物、鱼塘底泥、鱼塘水)分离出47株大肠埃希菌和23株沙门菌.采用纸片扩散法(Kirby-bauer,KB)对分离菌株进行了15种抗生素的敏感性试验,结果显示100%的菌株均耐1种及1种以上的抗生素多表现出对氨...     

5种复合藏药对西藏牦牛源大肠杆菌抗菌活性的研究

为了解石榴健胃丸、仁青芒觉、十五味黑药丸、仁青常觉等5种复合藏药对西藏牦牛源肠出血性大肠杆菌的抑菌情况。利用药敏试验的研究方法,对近几年来实验室分离保存的14株西藏牦牛源肠出血性大肠杆菌进行了药物敏感性检测的研究。结果表明:14株牦牛源肠出血性大肠杆菌对仁青芒觉表现为中度敏感;对石榴健胃丸、十五味黑药丸、仁青二十五味马宝丸、仁青常觉均表现为耐药;14株牦牛源肠出血性大肠杆菌对常用抗生素均敏感。通过动物试验表明,只接种牦牛源肠出血性大肠杆菌没有注射仁青芒觉的分离菌株均能引起大多数小鼠死亡,均具有高致病性,致死率达到95%,而注射了仁青芒觉复合藏药的试验组,死亡情况明显降低。结论提示:5种复合藏药中仁青芒觉对肠出血性大肠杆菌具有一定的治疗价值,目前对于肠出血性大肠杆菌的治疗没有有效的方法,特别是在耐药性泛滥的形势下,大肠杆菌病的治疗方面除了临床上常用的抗生素,复合藏药也是一个良好的选择。     

四种植物提取物对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果研究

 为充分利用当地资源和进一步开发植物药进行畜禽大肠杆菌病防治提供科学依据,采摘了本地生长的马鞭草、马齿苋、忍冬藤、蒲公英等四种植物,应用水提醇沉法制备提取液,用纸片扩散法和试管两倍稀释法对猪源、鸽源、牛源大肠杆菌进行体外抑菌效果试验,同时以小鼠为试验动物,检测四种植物提取液体内的抗菌作用。结果显示,四种植物对猪源大肠杆菌的抑菌圈在10～14 mm之间,均为中敏;对鸽源大肠杆菌在10～22 mm之间,马鞭草极敏,蒲公英高敏;对牛源大肠杆菌在7～14 mm之间,马鞭草高敏,蒲公英、忍冬藤中敏,马齿苋低敏。马鞭草对猪源、鸽源大肠杆菌的MIC和MBC是31.25 mg/mL,对牛源是62.5 mg/mL;蒲公英对猪源、鸽源的大肠杆菌MIC和MBC是62.5 mg/mL,对牛源是125 mg/mL;马齿苋对猪源的MIC和MBC是62.5 mg/mL和125 mg/mL,对鸽源、牛源的MIC和MBC分别是125 mg/mL和250 mg/mL;忍冬藤对猪源、牛源的MIC和MBC分别是125 mg/mL和250 mg/mL,对鸽源MIC和MBC是62.5 mg/mL和125 mg/mL。小鼠体内抗菌作用提示,用蒲公英和马鞭草1.88 g/kg、马齿苋和忍冬藤3.75 g/kg进行预防,可使感染大肠杆菌的小鼠成活率为达100%。四种植物提取液对大肠杆菌体外抑菌和体内抗菌均有较好的效果,马鞭草效果最好     

Isolation,Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Interstinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Isolated from Diarrhea Piglets

In order to find out the serotype, resistant phenotype and genotype of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in piglets, this study collected 128 samples of diarrhea piglets from seven large-scale pig farms in five cities in Guizhou province, and the E. coli and Salmonella were isolated and identified. The pathogenicity of the strain was identified by animal test. The drug resistance of the main pathogen was tested by drug susceptibility paper. The resistance gene of each pathogen was detected by PCR. The drug resistance and genotype correlation of the bacterial were analyzed. The results showed that 78 strains of pathogenic E. coli and 21 strains of Salmonella were isolated and identified in this study. The serotypes of pathogenic E. coli were predominantly O138 and O87. Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis were predominant serotypes. The susceptibility test showed that the resistant strains of 78 strains of E. coli were more than 80% resistant to β-lactams and more than 40% for other antibacterials. The resistance rate of 21 strains of Salmonella to aminoglycosides was more than 50% and more than 20% to other types of antibacterials; 12 and 10 kinds of drug resistance-related genes of E. coli and Salmonella were detected, respectively; The coincidence rate of resistant genotype and phenotype of two kinds of bacteria were above 60%, and both were multiple drug resistance. This study provided a theoretical basis for comprehensive prevention and control of piglets diarrhea.     

腹泻仔猪肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌的分离鉴定与耐药性研究

为探明仔猪细菌性腹泻肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌流行的血清型、耐药表型及耐药基因型,本试验采集了贵州省5个地（州）市7个规模化养猪场的128份腹泻仔猪肠道样本,并对采集的样本进行了大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌分离与鉴定,通过动物试验鉴定菌株的致病性,利用血清学方法鉴定其血清型,并通过药敏纸片法对主要致病菌进行耐药性研究,采用PCR技术检测各致病菌株耐药相关基因,分析细菌耐药表型和耐药基因型相关性。结果显示,本研究共分离鉴定到78株致病性大肠埃希氏菌与21株沙门氏菌,致病性大肠埃希氏菌血清型以O138、O87为主,沙门氏菌血清型以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌居多;药敏试验结果表明,本试验分离到的78株致病性大肠埃希氏菌对β-内酰胺类药物耐药率达80%以上,对其他种类的抗菌药耐药率均超过40%,分离鉴定的21株沙门氏菌对氨基糖苷类药物耐药率达50%以上,对其他种类的抗菌药耐药率均达20%以上;本试验分离鉴定的致病性大肠埃希氏菌共检出12种耐药相关基因,沙门氏菌共检出10种耐药相关基因,两种细菌耐药基因型与耐药表型符合率均达60%以上,且均为多重耐药。本研究为仔猪腹泻的综合防控提供了理论依据。     

Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy dogs

Five month old dogs from a Midwestern research kennel occasionally developed bloody diarrhea after shipment to other facilities. As previous diagnostic efforts failed to reveal any potential pathogens in feces from normal and diarrheic dogs, Escherichia coli was investigated for select virulence properties that may contribute to the occurrence of bloody diarrhea. Fecal swabs from 52 healthy dogs were examined for E. coli. Two hundred and sixty E. coli-like colonies were screened by PCR for the attaching and effacing (eae) gene, Shiga toxin (stx) genes, and the heat-stable enterotoxin type A (sta) gene. One hundred forty two of the 260 E. coli-like colonies (54.6%) from 43 dogs were eae or sta positive; and 60 of the eae and/or sta positive isolates were examined further. Among the 60 isolates, 23 (38.3%) possessed the eae gene, 32 (53.3%) possessed the sta gene, and five (8.3%) possessed both eae and sta genes (eae⁺/sta⁺). Of the 60 isolates, six sta⁺ and one eae⁺/sta⁺ isolates were hemolytic. When examined in the suckling mouse assay, five of six sta⁺ isolates and three of four eae⁺/sta⁺ isolates gave gut-to-remaining carcass ratios ≥0.083, indicating expression of heat-stable enterotoxin. These enterotoxin-producing isolates belonged to serogroups O42, O170, and O-negative.     

四黄止痢复方醇提物(CSME)抗禽大肠杆菌的作用机制

为了探讨四黄止痢复方醇提物(CSME)对禽大肠杆菌的抗菌机制。采用微孔-平板法检测其对禽大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);用吸光光度法检测其对细菌生长曲线、细胞膜通透性和能量代谢活力的影响;荧光定量PCR法检测其对禽大肠杆菌4种主要毒力因子(tsh、iss、ibeA和fimC)表达的影响。结果显示,CSME对禽大肠杆菌(CVCC251)的MIC为125 g/L,1/2MIC就能显著抑制细菌生长,破坏细菌细胞膜结构,使核酸、蛋白质外泄,并抑制了琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的活性;1/8MIC能显著抑制了禽大肠杆菌tsh、iss和fimC毒力因子基因的表达(P<0.01)。结果表明,CSME可以通过破坏细菌细胞膜结构、造成细菌能量代谢紊乱、抑制毒力基因表达发挥抗菌活性。     

Molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chickens with colibacillosis

BackgroundAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry industry.ObjectivesIn this study, the molecular characteristics of two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing APEC isolates were compared with previously reported ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.MethodsThe molecular characteristics of E. coli isolates and the genetic environments of the ESBL genes were investigated using whole genome sequencing.ResultsThe two ESBL-producing APEC were classified into the phylogenetic groups C and B1 and ST410 and ST162, respectively. Moreover, the ESBL genes of the two isolates were harbored in different Inc plasmids. The EC1809182 strain, harboring the bla_CTX-M-55 gene on the plasmid, exhibited extensive homology to IncFIB (98.4%) and IncFIC(FII) (95.8%). The EC1809191 strain, harboring the bla_CTX-M-1 gene, was homologous to IncI1-I (Gamma) (99.3%). All chromosomes carried the multidrug transporter, mdf(A) gene. Mobile genetic elements, adjacent to CTX-M genes, facilitated the dissemination of genes in the two isolates, analogous to other ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.ConclusionsThis study clarifies the transmission dynamics of CTX-M genes and supports strengthened surveillance to prevent the transmission of the antimicrobial-resistant genes to humans via the food chain.