中草药饲料添加剂饲喂生长猪的效果研究

将3种复合中草药添加剂按一定比例加入3个试验组的生长育肥猪日粮中，饲喂60d。其中中草药组试验猪27头，抗生素组9头。中草药组与抗生素组比较，中1组、中2组、中3组每头猪平均日增重分别提高60，130，110g，中2组与抗生素组差异显著(P＜0．05)；饲料报酬较抗生素组分别提高11．76％、5．88％和5．88％；经济效益分别比抗生素组提高33．4％、20．57％和24．45％。试验证明，中草药添加剂能明显提高生猪生产性能，可以替代或部分替代抗生素添加剂，以保证养猪生产的持续发展和猪肉产品的安全。     

中草药对保育猪的防病促长效果试验

在集约化养猪场,保育猪受到断奶应激和多种疾病侵袭等因素的影响,在饲养管理上难度较大,在改环境和营养等综合措施中,使用疫苗和抗生素是防病促长的重要手段。然而,实践表明,使用疫苗和抗生素保育猪的防病促长并不总能取得满意的效果。为此,根据中草药既能促进猪的消化、改善营养状况,又能增免疫力、不产生抗药性的特点,设计了中草药与抗生素对保育猪效应的对比试验。共设3个处理,中草药组基础饲粮中添加1%粉碎的中草药,其配方包括黄芪、党参、当归、紫花地丁、山楂、陈皮、杭白菊、枸杞子、甘等;抗生素组在饲粮中添加泰妙菌素、金霉素、土…     

复方中草药添加剂对育肥猪的饲喂效果研究

本试验选取体重相近的育肥猪280头,随机均分成7个组(6个试验组和1个对照组),在试验组猪日粮中分别添加1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%的复方中草药添加剂,每个月饲喂一次,一次连续一周,直到160日龄左右称重结束,对照组不添加。结果显示:试验组的末重、日增重指标均优于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组的料重比优于对照组,料重比下降了0.10～0.30。综合末重、日增重、料重比、发病数及生产成本等因素,中草药添加剂以2.0%的添加比例为最优。     

中草药添加剂对僵猪饲喂试验

猪在出生后生长发育阶段,由于饲养管理不善,遇到外界不利因素的影响,如天气寒冷、体外寄生虫、营养不良等,就会形成僵猪。在临床上根据不同的致僵因素可分为胎僵、奶僵、病僵、虫僵四大类。在农村及种猪场,常常可以见到有的猪养了半年只有10多公斤,有的养了一年也不过二三十公斤重。这些猪大都是被毛粗乱、无光泽、皮肤苍白、极度瘦弱,多有消化不良,农民总结为“头大、腰躬、肚子吊、屁股尖、拉稀屎”,生长十分缓慢,饲     

自拟中草药饲料添加剂饲喂生长猪的效果

中草药属于天然药物,具有促进畜禽生长发育、改善机体免疫机能、防治疾病的作用;同时还具有药源广、价格低、效果好、无副作用、无残留等优点.为了继承和发扬我国医药学宝贵遗产,充分开发利用天然中草药资源,笔者以中兽医学理论为依据,拟定了中草药添加剂配方,并于2001年2～4月在民和县种畜场对生长猪做饲喂试验,取得了较明显的效果.现将试验情况报道如下:     

自拟中草药饲料添加剂饲喂生长猪的效果

按体重类同的原则，将40头长杂猪分成2组，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中加添1．5％的自拟中草药添加剂。结果表明，经60天试验期后，试验组猪的寺重比对照组提高22．5％，饲料消耗比对照组少0．23kg，饲料转化率提高7．4％，平均每头猪比对照组多盈利23．8元。     

中草药饲料添加剂防治断奶仔猪腹泻及对生长性能的影响

选用断奶后的仔猪72头随机分为3个组,试验1组、2组分别添加两种中草药饲料添加剂,添加量均为0.50%。结果表明：试验1组、2组与对照组相比,腹泻率分别降低了77.11%、70.54%;日增重分别提高了10.06%、6.69%,试验1组与对照组相比差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）;饲料报酬,试验1、2组较对照组分别提高了14.88%、9.04%,试验1组与对照组相比差异达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）,试验2组与对照组相比差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）。     

中草药添加剂对肉鸡抗氧化能力和红细胞免疫功能的影响

为了解中草药添加剂对肉鸡抗氧化和红细胞免疫功能的影响,选用80只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为对照组(C)和试验组(T),每组40只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1%中草药添加剂,连续饲喂20d。在试验初(0d)和试验末(20d),分别测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、红细胞C3b受体花环率(E-C3bRR)和免疫复合物花环率(E-ICRR)。结果表明:0d时两组鸡抗氧化能力和红细胞免疫功能测定值差异不显著(P>0.05);20d时试验组与对照组比较,血清SOD、GSH-Px活性和E-C3bRR分别提高8.51%、7.49%和10.23%(P<0.05);血清MDA含量和E-ICRR分别下降5.85%和7.87%(P<0.05)。     

Impact of zinc and arginine on antioxidant status of weanling piglets raised under commercial conditions

The effects of dietary zinc and L-arginine supplements on the weight gain, feed efficiency, antioxidant capacity and oxidative status of weanling piglets raised under commercial conditions were examined. A total of 288 piglets aged 21 d were fed for 15 d a diet supplemented or not with 2,500 mg/kg of zinc (provided as zinc oxide) and 1% L-arginine·HCl. The 4 treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with 6 initial body weight categories (12 animals per pen). Access to feed and water was ad libitum. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial experiment using the SAS MIXED procedure, with zinc and arginine as the main independent variables. Blood collection day (d 8 and 15, samples were collected from the same 2 piglets in each pen before the morning feeding) was included as a third factor. The zinc supplement increased the average daily gain (ADG) from d 0 to 7, d 8 to 15 and d 0 to 15 (0.289 vs. 0.217 kg/d), average daily feed intake (ADFI) from d 8 to 15 and d 0 to 15 (0.338 vs. 0.279 kg/d) and the gain to feed (G:F) ratio from d 0 to 7 and d 0 to 15 (0.86 vs. 0.77) (P < 0.001). Both supplements significantly decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (zinc: 4.37 vs. 3.91 μmol/L, P = 0.005; arginine: 4.38 vs. 3.89 μmol/L, P = 0.002). Total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) increased from d 8 to 15 (0.953 vs. 1.391 μmol/L, 2.22 vs. 3.37 μmol/L, P < 0.05) regardless of dietary treatment. Total and oxidized GSH concentrations on d 8 were higher in response to the combined supplements (zinc × arginine interaction, P < 0.05). Piglets fed either Zn-supplemented diet had a lower haptoglobin serum concentration (509 vs. 1,417 mg/L; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the zinc supplement improved piglet growth performance (ADG and ADFI) and oxidative status (based on malondialdehyde concentration). The arginine supplement had a limited effect on growth performance and oxidative status under these conditions.     

中草药饲料添加剂对奶年泌乳性能的影响研究

12头荷斯坦泌乳母牛，按试验要求随机分为3组，分别饲喂在精料中添加0，2％TD－1中药添加剂及2％TD－2中药添加剂的日粮，试验为期57天。结果表明：（1）饲料中添加2％TD－中药添加剂的试牛较对照组提高产奶量近5％（P＞0.05）。（2）添加2％TD－2中药添加剂对牛奶营养指标（乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、总乳固形物）没有确定影响，但可显著降低体细胞数。     

中草药添加剂对河西牛肉挥发性化合物的影响

为了研究中草药添加剂对牛肉挥发性化合物的影响,试验选取成年河西肉牛,饲养过程分为中草药组和对照组,屠宰后运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)进行牛肉挥发性化合物含量的测定。结果表明,中草药组和对照组牛肉挥发性物质在种类和含量上都有差异,对照组烃类、酮类、芳香族化合物、含硫类含量均高于中草药组,而中草药组醛类物质的含量比对照组高30.11%,同时认为中草药的添加与α-蒎烯、β-丁香烯、柠檬烯等特征挥发性化合物的产生有关。说明中草药添加剂能够增加牛肉中醛类、醇类以及杂环类化合物的含量,并能产生一些中草药添加剂所特有的挥发性化合物。     

超微中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪血液生化指标和激素水平的影响

选择21日龄健康的大约克×长白二元杂交断奶仔猪96头,采用单因子设计,分别为对照A组(基础日粮+抗生素0.05%)和试验B、C、D组,每组3个重复,在基础日粮中分别添加超微中草药添加剂0.25%、0.5%和1%,探讨超微中草药对断奶仔猪血液生化指标和激素水平的影响。结果表明:相较抗生素,中草药对仔猪血液生化指标的影响无显著差异;但能显著提高仔猪的甲状腺素T3、T4水平。     

中草药与寡糖配伍对肉鸡抗氧化功能的影响

试验研究了中草药女贞子、五味子以及女贞子、五味子与葡萄糖甘露寡糖(MOS)配伍对肉鸡抗氧化指标的影响。选择180只1日龄肉鸡公雏随机分为6组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加5mg/kg黄霉素,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%女贞子、1%五味子、1%女贞子+0.5%MOS、1%五味子+0.5%MOS。试验从1日龄开始,试验期56d。结果显示:女贞子、五味子可提高肉鸡心脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05),以及血清和组织谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性(P<0.05),降低血清和心脏丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)。上述试验结果表明中草药添加剂能够提高肉鸡抗氧化功能。     

Feasibility of replacing antibiotic feed promoters with the Chinese traditional herbal medicine Bazhen in weaned piglets

This study investigated the feasibility of replacing antibiotic as growth promoter for weaned piglets with the Chinese traditional herbal medicine Bazhen. Thirty-six weaned piglets (average initial body weight 8.92 ± 1.18 kg) were used in this study. Pigs were blocked according to weight, sex and litter origin, and then randomly assigned to control (basal diet), antibiotics (100 ppm chlortetracycline and 100 ppm oxytetracycline) and Bazhen (1%) groups, with three pens per group. Piglets had free access to water and feed during this 8-week study period. Experimental results indicated that average daily gain of the Bazhen group was higher than that of the control group, but lower than that of the antibiotics group. However, feed intake was reduced while feed to gain ratio was improved in the Bazhen group compared to the control and antibiotics groups. The Bazhen group showed higher neutrophil activity and IgG levels than the control group. The increase in white blood cell counts of the Bazhen group when challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide was higher than that in the control and antibiotics groups. Moreover, IL-6 and TNF- (tumor necrosis factor-) levels were higher in the Bazhen group than in the antibiotics group. Red blood cells and γ-globulin levels were higher in the Bazhen group than in the antibiotics group and in the control group, respectively. On the other hand, the antibiotics group displayed the highest amount of SRBC (sheep red blood cell) antibody titers, and differed significantly from the control group. Some immune responses such as white and red blood cells, IL-6 and TNF- levels were greater at weaning in the piglets of the Bazhen supplemented group than in those of the antibiotics group. Thus, Bazhen could be a potential substitute for antibiotics (chlorotetracycline and oxytetracycline) in weaned piglets feed.     

液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响

试验选用平均体重为(2.63±0.15)kg、(14±2)日龄的断奶仔猪(云南地方撒坝猪)20头,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,进行32d对比试验。研究了液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响。结果表明,液态饲料能显著促进超早期断奶(SEW)仔猪肠道内乳酸杆菌生长,同时显著降低大肠杆菌含量(P<0.05)。     

中草药饲料添加剂对金华猪生长性能的效果研究

为研究中草药饲料添加剂对金华猪生长性能的效果,试验选择受试仔猪100头,随机分为5组(对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组),每组20头。对照组进行常规饲养,试验Ⅰ组添加0.2%土霉素,试验Ⅱ组添加0.2%土霉素和0.5%中草药,试验Ⅲ组添加1%中药,试验Ⅳ组添加2%中药。试验期50d。结果表明,四个试验组仔猪的平均日采食量、料肉比和腹泻率差异均不显著(P>0.05),但试验组较对照组均有不同程度的提高,而试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组仔猪日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且试验Ⅲ组优于试验Ⅱ和Ⅳ组。试验提示,在金华仔猪日粮中添加1%中草药混合制剂可以显著提高仔猪日增重。