淡水养殖鱼类几种常见出血病的区别与防治

<正>高密度养殖,放养密度大,投饵施肥多,水体污物多,鱼类难免会发病,特别是近年来以出血为主要症状的鱼类应激性疾病,给生产带来严重的经济损失。草鱼出血病、花鲢、白鲢、鲂鱼、鲫鱼暴发性出血症严重危害养殖鱼类,有着相似的病征,又有本质上的区别。病症不同,病理不同,防治方法更不同。     

越南淡水鱼类养殖

越南是亚洲水产养殖业发展最快的国家之一.全国河流、沟渠、水库、灌溉系统的水面积达1 70万公顷,淡水养殖业具有相当的发展潜力.通过迅速利用这些淡水资源,2004年该国淡水鱼类、虾类产量达62万t,约占全国水产养殖产量的53.9%(MOFI,2004).到2010年全国淡水养殖产量目标是94.6万t.     

淡水养殖鱼类暴发性流行病的成因分析与防治

淡水养殖鱼类暴发性疾病,自上世纪80年代初发现以来,迅速蔓延至全国各地。并逐步呈现出病种多样化,面积广泛化,治疗艰难化,损失惨重化的特点,是我国养鱼史上危害鱼类种类最多,涉及鱼类受害年龄范围最大,流行季节最长,造成损失最大的一种急性综合型鱼病。它是由嗜水气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌、鲁克氏耶尔森氏菌等细菌感染而引起的一种急性传染病,该病在河南主要流行于11月下旬到第2年3月上旬。水产养殖户要对暴发性流行病有全面     

基于网箱控制法和模型法的长江4种淡水鱼目标强度研究

目标强度(target strength,TS)是将回波积分值转换成绝对资源量的关键参数,同时也是渔业声学技术的热点研究内容。2012年12月及2013年6―7月,在三峡水库中华鲟基地网箱内使用BioSonics DT-X(199 kHz)分裂波式科学回声仪测定了4种共计31尾不同鳔室构造和体型的长江淡水鱼类背腹方向的目标强度,并将此结果与基尔霍夫近似模型法测定结果进行比较。实验鱼包括鳊(Parabramis pekinensis) 6尾、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) 8尾、鲇(Silurus asotus)10尾及长江鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)7尾。结果表明,模型法测定结果与网箱控制法所测结果无显著性差异。构建4种鱼TS值(dB)与体长(BL, cm)的标准方程分别为鳊:TS=20lg(BL)-70.1 (R~2=0.94);鲢:TS=20lg(BL)-67.0 (R~2=0.80);鲇:TS=20lg(BL)-74.5 (R~2=0.80)及长江鲟:TS=20lg(BL)-66.1 (R~2=0.94)。模型法获得实验鱼目标强度的分布表明,鱼类不同的形态学特征及鳔室数量会影响目标强度的大小与分布特征。低频(38 kHz)下鳊、鲇及长江鲟目标强度最大值对应的姿态倾角出现在-10°～0°,而鲢目标强度最大值出现在-20°～-10°,且不同种类鱼的目标强度最大值所对应姿态倾角的位置各不相同。本研究通过网箱控制法和模型法测定了4种不同鳔室构造和体型的长江淡水鱼类目标强度,可为长江淡水鱼类目标强度研究提供有益借鉴,为采用渔业声学方法进行长江淡水鱼类垂直原位监测评估资源量提供相关参数。     

基于线性调频(LFM)信号的单体鱼类目标回波识别与性能分析

在估计鱼类目标强度时,需要选择单体的回波信号进行计算.窄带信号下回波的相位标准差是单体检测的关键指标,但对于宽带信号相邻两点的相位差是时变的,无法将回波相位标准差作为单体信号的判定依据.本研究对线性调频宽带信号下的单体识别方法和性能进行了分析和仿真,并对该方法在消声水池内进行了测试和验证.结果显示:相比窄带信号,宽带信...     

论我国传统淡水养殖鱼类的困惑与营销市场出路(之二)--鲫鱼与鳜鱼在现时水产品市场中的位置

较早时期,我在"论我国传统淡水养殖鱼类的困惑与营销市场出路"一文中,讨论了草鱼、鲤鱼在市场中的位置.谈到淡水鱼,不能不谈到鲫鱼与鳜鱼.并不是说这两条鱼有多么重要,而是鲫鱼与鳜鱼在水产品市场中的位置特别奇怪、独特,那么平淡又那么与众不同.它们不愠不火,不掉身价.永远是不高不低,不上不下,不前不后,不左不右.任风云变换,始终岿然不动.那种宠辱不惊,闲庭信步的心态是所有同类没有的.比如,越来越不得宠的白鲢、鲤鱼,价格一落千丈的养殖黄鱼、加洲鲈鱼.在市场露脸没几年就伦为饲料鱼的露斯塔野鲮.价格忽高忽低,行情忽好忽坏的鳗鲡.它们的独特还在于:越是不被市场重视,它们在市场中的位置越靠前;市场中的新产品越多,它们在市场中的地位越重要.它们在江河湖海中闯荡数千年,历经风吹浪打,也只有到了市场经济的今天,它们的潜在价值才被人们渐渐发现,而似乎又不那么甘心:因为象斑点又尾鲴、道式虹鳟鱼、斑点胡子鲶、淡水白鲳、欧洲鳗、史氏鲟这些千里迢迢从国外引进的鱼,吃鱼长大的鱼,投了巨资,砸锅卖铁好不容易才养大的鱼,这么好的鱼市场少有问津.而土生土长,姥姥不疼舅舅不爱,纯粹歪打正着的东西,确在市场上要大行其道.     

The status of host fish populations and fish species richness in European freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) streams

• 1. The status of host fish populations and fish species richness was investigated at 36 sites of 20 extant freshwater pearl mussel populations, including the drainages of the Elbe, Danube, Rhine, Weser, Aulne, Kemijoki and Tuuloma in Germany, the Czech Republic, France and Finland, by carrying out comparative electrofishings.
• 2. Brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) were found to be the available host fish for pearl mussels in all except one of the streams investigated with mean densities of 2861 ha^?1 (range 0–8710 ha^?1) and a mean biomass of 119 kg ha^?1 (range 0–478 kg ha^?1). Streams that had been frequently stocked with brown trout had higher trout biomass and densities of host fish than natural populations, but trout stocking had no positive effect in two of the streams investigated.
• 3. Fish species richness ranged from 2 to 16 species per stream and showed a negative correlation with host fish biomass and host fish densities. Undisturbed oligotrophic pearl mussel headwater streams usually only yielded a low number of fish species. Habitat degradation can reduce competitiveness of specialized trout and result in an increased abundance of ubiquitous or atypical species.
• 4. A link between the lack of juvenile pearl mussels and a lack of suitable host fish was only rarely observed. Functional pearl mussel populations with relatively high numbers of juveniles had significantly lower densities and biomass of host fish than pearl mussel populations without recent recruitment.
• 5. This study suggests that 0+ host fish are not necessarily required to sustain functional pearl mussel populations. Low densities of host fish can be compensated by the higher glochidia carrying capacity of older host fish with limited previous contact with pearl mussel glochidia, by the long reproductive period of mussels, and by low mortality rates of juvenile mussels during their post‐parasitic phase.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Living on the edge: Traits of freshwater fish species at risk in Canada

相似文献   

基于文献计量分析的淡水鱼类寄生虫研究现状及热点探析

为了解淡水鱼类寄生虫的研究现状及前沿热点,为该领域研究工作的开展提供科学量化的参考依据,以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库收录的1980—2020年共1 088篇相关文献为数据样本,运用VOSviewer和CiteSpace可视化软件绘制了淡水鱼类寄生虫研究的发文量、发文地区、发文作者、发文机构、关键词频次和突现状况等知识图谱,并对发文趋势和研究热点进行了分析。结果表明,淡水鱼类寄生虫研究领域的发文量总体呈上升趋势,2009年后上升趋势明显;淡水鱼类寄生虫的研究受到广泛关注,巴西、捷克和美国是淡水鱼类寄生虫领域的研究中心;捷克共和国科学院、墨西哥国立自治大学和新西兰奥塔哥大学等3个机构是淡水鱼类寄生虫领域的高产研究机构;Poulin R、Scholz T和Salgado-Maldonado G等3位研究人员是淡水鱼类寄生虫研究的核心力量;发文国家间和机构间形成了良好且稳定的合作关系,但研究者间合作关系较为分散,缺少跨团队合作;International Journal for Parasitology、Parasitology Research、Parasitolo...     

Hybridization and invasive species in a threatened freshwater fish community under environmental pressures: Morphometric and molecular evidence

相似文献   

鱼源气单胞菌的毒力基因检测、分型及致病力

为调查鱼源气单胞菌毒力基因与其致病力的相关性,以2009--2018年从不同患病鱼分离的173株气单胞菌为研究对象,通过检测毒力相关基因、测定溶血活性、腹腔注射感染异育银鲫等方法开展评价.通过管家基因gyrB分子鉴定结果显示,173株气单胞菌中维氏气单胞菌(119/173,68.9％)和嗜水气单胞菌(50/173,28...     

Status of freshwater fish around the Korean Demilitarized Zone and its implications for conservation

• 1. The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which divides the Korean peninsula, currently serves as a sanctuary for diverse biological resources, owing to limited development and human activities. The fish fauna of the DMZ areas, including the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) and Military Facility Protection Area (MFPA), was investigated by quarterly sampling at 53 sites from August 2001 to May 2004.
• 2. In total, 10 946 fish were collected and classified into 99 species and 26 families. Zacco platypus (relative abundance, RA 18.6%) was the dominant species, while other key species were Rhynchocypris steindachneri (16.0%), Pungitius sinensis (12.5%) and Zacco temmincki (8.5%).
• 3. Thirty species were found to be Korean endemics, representing seven families. Eight Korean vulnerable species and two Korean natural monument species were recorded. Three exotic fish species (Carassius cuvieri, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus) were collected at 13 study sites, all but one of which are outside the CCZ. There were significant relationships between altitude and fish species richness (r²=0.448, P<0.001) and the number of endemic fish species (r²=0.487, P<0.001).
• 4. Owing to very limited human interference, the DMZ could provide good benchmark sites to enable ecological restoration on other rivers and streams for maintenance of natural freshwater fish biodiversity. It is suggested that a natural park is instituted around the DMZ areas for ecological protection and as a symbol of peaceful coexistence between South and North Korea.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A review and meta‐analysis of growth and life‐history traits of a declining European freshwater fish,crucian carp Carassius carassius

相似文献   

Reduction of a native fish fauna by alien species: an example from Brazilian freshwater tropical lakes

The consequences of introducing Cichla cf. monoculus Spix & Agassiz, Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz) and Pygocentrus nattereri Kner into lakes in the River Doce basin, Brazil, on richness, diversity and efficiency of aquatic macrophytes as natural refugia to native fishes was investigated. Samples were taken from lakes with and without alien fishes in areas with and without aquatic macrophytes. The presence of alien fishes reduced richness and diversity of the native fish community. The refugia function, which could be attributed to the clustering of aquatic macrophytes, does not exist in these lakes probably because the alien fishes exploit such habitats for reproduction. Since introductions threaten the native fish diversity of the region, studies on regional dispersion and factors that minimise the spread of alien fishes are needed.     

Thermal refugia and the survival of species in changing environments: new evidence from a nationally extinct freshwater fish.

Variation in global climate during the Quaternary has helped shape current species distributions. The stenohaline fish fauna of the British Isles is generally thought to have colonised eastern England via a landbridge following the last glacial maximum. This theory is investigated using the nationally extinct burbot, Lota lota, as a model species. Samples were collected from 15 museum specimens of known English provenance and analysed for differences in the mitochondrial DNA control region. The DNA analysis produced eight sequences of 270 base pairs, with one sample reaching 420 base pairs in length. Genetic analysis suggests the extinct English population of the burbot was a distinct lineage, differing from those previously described from across the species’ global distribution. Despite this, network analysis suggests that the English lineage is closely related to populations in western Europe, supporting colonisation via a postglacial landbridge. The rate of genetic divergence suggests that the timing of L. lota's colonisation of English rivers was prior to the last glacial maximum. Lota lota appears to have survived the last glacial maximum in refugia within the British Isles. This study adds to the evidence for a British freshwater refugia and furthers our understanding of the colonisation history of British freshwater fishes. These results also provide valuable information for conservation strategies for L. lota indicating the western European clade as most genetically appropriate for potential future reintroductions to English rivers.