Are molecular weights of proteins determined by superose 12 column chromatography correct?

Our research on several proteins indicates that accurate molecular weights cannot be determined by Superose 12 column chromatography. In support of this statement, we present data on molecular weights of purified red kidney bean alpha-amylase inhibitor (RKB alphaAI) and white kidney bean alpha-amylase inhibitor (WKB alphaAI) to document this problem. The molecular weight of purified RKB alphaAI determined by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Superose 12 gel filtration and cDNA were 49.0, 51.0, 22.9, and 49.805 kDa (not glycosylated), respectively. The molecular weights of WKB alphaAI by several methods were as follows: Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, 51.0 kDa; Superose 12 gel filtration in 0.2 M NaCl buffer, 23.1 kDa; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), 51.0 kDa; sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), 45.0 kDa; multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS), 49.940 kDa; laser-assisted time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LATOFMS), 56.714 kDa; and cDNA sequence (with 12.2% carbohydrate), 55.9 kDa. The data indicate there is ionic interaction between proteins and the matrix of Superose 12 in low ionic strength buffers and hydrophobic interaction at higher ionic strength buffers. Researchers should be cautious when using Superose 12 columns for molecular weight determinations.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在苜蓿中的表达

为了降低bFGF（basic fibroblast growth factor）的生产成本,结合植物生物反应器的优点,就bFGF在转基因苜蓿中的表达进行了探索。将bFGF插入植物表达载体pBⅡ21中,获得了含有bFGF基因的植物表达pBIcbFGF,再将pBIcbFGF利用冻融法转到农杆菌中。利用农杆菌介导法将基因转化保定苜蓿,转基因苜蓿在TM-1培养基＋20mg／L卡那霉素（Kan）＋200mg／L特美汀（Tim）中诱导分化,在生根培养基中生根,获得再生植株。再生植株通过PCR检测、RT—PCR及Western blot证实外源基因已经在苜蓿中成功表达。获得含有目的蛋白的阳性植株。为苜蓿作为植物生物反应器生产bFGF奠定了理论及技术基础。     

小麦钾离子通道蛋白基因TaPC1介导植株抵御低钾逆境功能研究

  【目的】  钾离子通道 (potassium channel, PC) 蛋白通过介导离子跨膜转运,增强低钾胁迫下植株对钾素的吸收和利用能力。本研究以采用RNAseq鉴定小麦应答低钾基因获得的PC家族基因TaPC1为对象,对该基因分子特征、应答低钾表达模式及其介导植株抵御低钾逆境的能力进行研究。  【方法】  采用生物信息学工具分析TaPC1分子特征,采用溶液培养法培养丰钾 (K₂O 6 mmol/L )、低钾 (K₂O 0.06 mmol/L) 处理小麦和转化株系幼苗,采用 DNA 重组技术构建TaPC1亚细胞定位和表达质粒,利用农杆菌介导法遗传转化烟草。采用常规植株形态、生理和qPCR方法测定植株生长、生理指标和基因表达。  【结果】  TaPC1与植物种属PC家族基因具有较高的同源性,该基因编码蛋白具有植物种属PC蛋白跨膜域保守特征,翻译蛋白经内质网分选后定位于细胞质膜。低钾 (0.06 mmol/L) 处理下,根、叶中TaPC1表达增强;将低钾处理植株转入丰钾 (6 mmol/L) 营养液进行恢复处理后,根、叶中该基因表达下调,表明TaPC1呈低钾应答表达模式。基因遗传转化结果表明,与野生型 (WT) 对照相比,低钾处理下,超表达TaPC1烟草株系植株干物质积累量增多,细胞活性氧累积量减少,细胞保护酶 (SOD、CAT和POD) 活性提高,丙二醛含量降低。基因表达分析表明,低钾处理下,转化株系内细胞保护酶编码基因NtSOD1、NtCAT1;1、NtPOD1;2及NtPOD1;6的转录本丰度较野生型 (WT) 显著增多,表明上述基因通过增强表达,在改善转化株系低钾处理下细胞活性氧稳态中发挥重要作用。此外,与WT相比,低钾处理下转化株系的钾累积量显著增多,光合碳同化能力增强。  【结论】  TaPC1呈低钾胁迫增强表达模式,上调表达该基因能显著增强植株钾素吸收,有效维持低钾逆境下的细胞活性氧稳态特征,在改善植株光合物质生产和抵御低钾逆境能力中发挥重要作用。     

Heat-induced redistribution of disulfide bonds in milk proteins. 1. Bovine beta-lactoglobulin

Changes in the structure and chemistry of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) play an important role in the processing and functionality of milk products. In model beta-LG systems, there is evidence that the aggregates of heated beta-LG are held together by a mixture of intermolecular non-covalent association and heat-induced non-native disulfide bonds. Although a number of non-native disulfide bonds have been identified, little is known about the initial inter- and intramolecular disulfide bond rearrangements that occur as a result of heating. These interchange reactions were explored by examining the products of heat treatment to determine the novel disulfide bonds that form in the heated beta-LG aggregates. The native protein and heat-induced aggregates were hydrolyzed by trypsin, and the resulting peptides, before and after reduction with dithiothreitol, were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and their identities confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Comparisons of these peptide patterns showed that some of the Cys160 was in the reduced form in heated beta-LG aggregates, indicating that the Cys160-Cys66 disulfide bond had been broken during heating. This finding suggests that disulfide bond interchange reactions between beta-LG non-native monomers, or polymers, and other proteins could occur largely via Cys160.     

A quantitative immunopolymerase chain reaction method for detection of vegetative insecticidal protein in genetically modified crops

Vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip) is being employed for transgenic expression in selected crops such as cotton, brinjal, and corn. For regulatory compliance, there is a need for a sensitive and reliable detection method, which can distinguish between approved and nonapproved genetically modified (GM) events and quantify GM contents as well. A quantitative immunopolymerase chain reaction (IPCR) method has been developed for the detection and quantification of Vip protein in GM crops. The developed assay displayed a detection limit of 1 ng/mL (1 ppb) and linear quantification range between 10 and 1000 ng/mL of Vip-S protein. The sensitivity of the assay was found to be 10 times higher than an analogous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Vip-S protein. The results suggest that IPCR has the potential to become a standard method to quantify GM proteins.     

Increase in lipid content in potato tubers modified by 14-3-3 gene overexpression

Recently, transgenic potato plants were created with overexpression of the 14-3-3 protein derived from Cucurbita pepo. Detailed analysis of those plants suggested that the function of the isolated 14-3-3 isoform is in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the plants. 14-3-3 protein overexpression gave rise to an increase in soluble sugar and catecholamine contents in both leaves and tubers. It is proposed that 14-3-3 protein affects carbohydrate metabolism in potato plants via regulation of catecholamine synthesis. Furthermore, genetically modified potato tubers with 14-3-3 protein overexpression showed changes in lipid content and composition. The transgenic potato tubers contained 69% more total fat compared to the wild-type plant. Separation of tuber lipids into polar and nonpolar fractions revealed that the transgenic potato tubers contained almost 3 times more nonpolar lipids than the control. Analysis of fatty acid composition, conducted by the means of gas chromatography, showed that linoleic acid was the main fatty acid present in the tubers of both modified and control potato plants. In the nonpolar fraction of the fat of the transgenic tubers the unsaturated fatty acids exhibited a higher participation in the sum of all fatty acids.     

Allergenicity assessment of the papaya ringspot virus coat protein expressed in transgenic rainbow papaya

The virus-resistant, transgenic commercial papaya Rainbow and SunUp (Carica papaya L.) have been consumed locally in Hawaii and elsewhere in the mainland United States and Canada since their release to planters in Hawaii in 1998. These papaya are derived from transgenic papaya line 55-1 and carry the coat protein (CP) gene of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). The PRSV CP was evaluated for potential allergenicity, an important component in assessing the safety of food derived from transgenic plants. The transgene PRSV CP sequence of Rainbow papaya did not exhibit greater than 35% amino acid sequence homology to known allergens, nor did it have a stretch of eight amino acids found in known allergens which are known common bioinformatic methods used for assessing similarity to allergen proteins. PRSV CP was also tested for stability in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid and under various heat treatments. The results showed that PRSV CP was degraded under conditions for which allergenic proteins relative to nonallergens are purported to be stable. The potential human intake of transgene-derived PRSV CP was assessed by measuring CP levels in Rainbow and SunUp along with estimating the fruit consumption rates and was compared to potential intake estimates of PRSV CP from naturally infected nontransgenic papaya. Following accepted allergenicity assessment criteria, our results show that the transgene-derived PRSV CP does not pose a risk of food allergy.     

植物抗旱耐盐基因的研究进展

近几年许多与植物抗旱耐盐相关基因被克隆和分析,同时通过转基因技术将这些基因转到植物中异源表达,能显著提高转基因植物的抗旱耐盐能力。这些基因主要包括渗透调节基因、蛋白类基因（如信号传导中的蛋白激酶基因）及转录因子等。在逆境条件下,渗透调节基因通过合成脯氨酸、甜菜碱、糖类和多胺类等渗透调节物质维持植物中的渗透平衡;蛋白激酶基因产物是细胞信号传导中的组分,这些基因能促进植物对干旱失水反应和逆境信号的传递,启动抗逆基因的表达;转录因子通过与相关基因的特异性结合来调控其表达,进而产生相关调控蛋白等物质增强植物在逆境中的生存能力。本文主要综述了这三类抗逆基因的研究现状及其生物学机理,讨论并分析这些基因在应用中尚待解决的问题,为发掘更多的抗逆性的基因资源和进一步开展分子育种工作提供参考。     

Purification and characterization of a chimeric Cry1F delta-endotoxin expressed in transgenic cotton plants

Cotton plants were genetically modified through the introduction of a synthetic gene that encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protoxin referred to as Cry1F(synpro). This protoxin is a chimeric, full-length delta-endotoxin of 130 kDa, comprised of the core toxin of Cry1Fa2 protein and parts of the nontoxic portions of Cry1Ca3 and Cry1Ab1 proteins, all of which originated from Bacillus thuringiensis. The Cry1F(synpro) expressed in cotton plants confers resistance to lepidopteran pests. The current study was conducted to characterize the Cry1F(synpro) protein expressed in the transgenic cotton event 281-24-236. Results showed that the full-length Cry1F(synpro) produced in the transgenic cotton plants was sensitive to the host cell protease cleavage, resulting in a truncated, biologically active form (core toxin) with an apparent molecular mass of 65 kDa. This truncated toxin was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from the cotton leaf extract. N-terminal sequencing, peptide mass fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF MS, and internal peptide sequencing by MS/MS confirmed the identity of the truncated core toxin of Cry1F. The mechanism of truncation was explored with Cry1F(synpro) derived from a recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens. The transgenic cotton-produced Cry1F showed equivalent insecticidal activity to that of Pseudomonas fluorescens-derived Cry1F.     

线粒体蛋白组解析烟草雄性不育分子机制

目前我国烟草杂交种种植越发广泛,不育系作为制备烟草杂交种的有利材料,在我国烟草种植中具有重要地位。为了探究烟草胞质雄性不育形成的分子机制,选用烟草不育系及其保持系,在花芽分化时期利用石蜡切片和线粒体蛋白组学技术结合生物信息学分析方法进行研究。结果表明,烟草雄性不育系的败育过程发生在发芽分化的雌雄蕊原基分化时期;蛋白组学分析共筛选出线粒体差异表达蛋白113个,呼吸代谢过程中的焦磷酸酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶和磷酸己糖异构酶等关键调控蛋白酶的表达显著下调,ATP合酶的δ和α亚基表达上调;在线粒体蛋白的合成、修饰和运输过程中,核糖体RNA大亚基中L4e、L7和小亚基中SAe的表达下调,烯醇酶、内质网蛋白加工酶、蛋白二硫键异构酶等功能蛋白结构修饰酶表达下调,蛋白酶复合体的Rpt3和α5亚基表达下调。由上述结果推测,烟草胞质雄性不育由于线粒体蛋白的合成、修饰及导入过程受阻使线粒体功能紊乱,具体表现在线粒体呼吸代谢途径的蛋白酶表达下调及合成ATP受阻,不能为其在花粉形成时期小孢子的快速分裂分化提供充足的能量,抑制了小孢子的形成和发育,从而表现为雄性不育。本研究结果为进一步开展烟草雄性不育机理研究奠定了重要基础。     

Flour Protein Composition and Functional Properties of Transgenic Rye Lines Expressing HMW Subunit Genes of Wheat

Flours from nonsprouted (ns) kernels and dried sprouted (s) kernels of transgenic rye expressing HMW glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) 1Dy10 (L10) or 1Dx5+1Dy10 (L5+10) from wheat were compared with flours from the corresponding wildtype rye (Lwt). The crude protein content of nonsprouted flours ranged from 9.2% (Lwt) to 10.4% (L5+10) and was lowered by ≈1% due to sprouting. Flour proteins were separated into albumins/globulins, prolamins, and glutelin subunits by a modified Osborne fractionation and into SDS‐soluble and insoluble fractions. Portions of the prolamin fractions were reduced in the same manner as glutelins. The different fractions were then characterized and quantified by RP‐HPLC on C₈ silica gel. The proportion of albumins/globulins did not significantly differ between transgenic lines and wildtype. The proportions of alcohol‐insoluble glutelins and SDS‐insoluble proteins drastically increased in transgenic rye due to a shift of HMW and γ‐75k secalins into the polymeric fractions. Significant differences in the proportion of highly polymeric proteins between nonsprouted and sprouted flours could not be detected. The quantitative data demonstrated that the expression of HMW‐GS led to a higher degree of polymerization of storage proteins in rye flour. The HMW‐GS combination 1Dx5+1Dy10 showed stronger effects than 1Dy10 alone. The analyzed flours contained two HMW secalins (R1, R2), whose amino acid compositions were closely related to those of 1Dy10 and 1Dx5, respectively. The amounts of R1 in Lwt flours determined by RP‐HPLC were 221 mg (ns) and 186 mg (s) per 100 g and those of R2 were 344 mg (ns) and 298 mg (s), respectively. These amounts increased to 240 mg (ns)/201 mg (s) (R1) and 479 mg (ns)/432 mg (s) (R2) in L10 flours. In L5+10 flours, the amount of R1 decreased to 150 mg (ns)/132 mg (s) while R2 increased to 432 mg (ns)/338 mg (s). The amount of HMW‐GS 1Dy10 was almost the same as that of R2 in L10 flours but was strongly increased in L5+10 flour (633 mg [ns]/538 mg [s]). HMW‐GS 1Dx5 was, by far, the major subunit in L5+10 flours (987 mg 7[ns]/896 mg [s]). The summarized amounts of all HMW subunits increased from ≈0.5 g (Lwt) to ≈1.1 g (L10) and ≈2.0 g (L5+10). Thus only L10 flours were similar to wheat flours in HMW subunit content. The baking performance of L10 flour determined by a microbaking test was improved compared with Lwt flour, whereas L5x10 flour showed very poor properties obviously due to the strongly increased proportion of highly cross‐linked glutelins. The breadmaking quality of flours from 1Dy10 seeds and wildtype seeds was reduced by the same degree when flours from sprouted seeds were analyzed.     

葡萄VvERF90的克隆及对乙烯合成基因的调控研究

ERF转录因子为植物特有的一类转录因子,在调控植物乙烯合成过程中发挥着重要功能。为研究葡萄ERF转录因子在调控乙烯合成过程中的作用,以阳光玫瑰(Vitis labruscana Baily × V. vinifera L.)葡萄穗梗为材料,克隆了乙烯响应因子VvERF90,并进行了生物信息学分析和基因功能分析。结果表明,VvERF90属于第IX亚家族,与苹果MdERF2和MdERF3的亲缘关系较近;VvERF90可以正调控VvACO1的表达;VvERF90在拟南芥中过量表达后,转基因植株中VvACO1的同源基因AtACO3基因表达量明显升高,转基因植株的乙烯释放量增加2倍,植株变矮。上述结果表明,VvERF90可能通过调节VvACO1的表达,调控乙烯的释放水平。本研究结果为进一步探明葡萄中乙烯合成的调控机制奠定了理论基础。     

Quality and Agronomic Effects of Three High‐Molecular‐Weight Glutenin Subunit Transgenic Events in Winter Wheat

Quality and agronomic effects of three transgenic high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS) events were characterized in advanced‐generation breeding lines of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in three Nebraska crop years. Two of the transgenic events studied, Dy10‐E and B52a‐6, overexpress HMW‐GS 1Dy10, while the third event, Dx5 +Dy10‐H, overexpresses HMW‐GS 1Dx5 and, to a much lesser extent, 1Dy10. In addition, novel proteins possessing solubility characteristics defined as HMW‐GS were present in Dx5+Dy10‐H and B52a‐6. Average grain yield of lines derived from the three transgenic events was statistically lower than that of a group of control cultivars and advanced breeding lines, but not lower than the mean values of respective nontransgenic siblings. Grain hardness was influenced by one of the events. Dx5+Dy10‐H produced harder kernels than controls, its nontransgenic siblings, and the two additional transgenic events. All three events produced doughs with unusual mixing properties, although not likely to be directly useful in commercial applications. As a consequence, loaf volumes were depressed to variable degrees by the three events. The results indicated that over‐expression of HMW‐GS could eventually lead to improved breadmaking quality by optimizing the level of overexpression or by development and characterization of additional events.     

脂质体法构建广西巴马小型猪转基因体细胞及转基因克隆胚的生产

脂质体法是一种传统的向哺乳动物细胞导入外源基因的方法,然而其转染效率受多种因素影响。本研究将从脂质体和质粒DNA量、转染暴露时间以及混合孵育时间等四方面进行探索,以寻找最佳的转染体系。试验结果表明最佳转染体系为：脂质体1.25μL、DNA 0.7μg、脂质体-DNA混合孵育0 min以及转染暴露6 h。随后我们用优化过的转染体系对新生广西巴马小型猪肾脏成纤维细胞进行转绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP）操作,获得了（26.45±2.11）%的转染率,并以此为核供体经体细胞核移植技术成功构建表达GFP的广西巴马小型猪克隆胚胎,同时证实转基因克隆胚的体外发育能力比得上非转基因克隆胚。这为我们构建用于人类疾病研究的基因修饰广西巴马小型猪奠定了基础。     

Antioxidant capacity manipulation in transgenic potato tuber by changes in phenolic compounds content

The main goal of this study was to generate potato tubers with increased levels of flavonoids and thus modified antioxidant capacities. To accomplish this, the vector carrying multigene construct was prepared and several transgenic plants were generated, all overexpressing key biosynthesis pathway enzymes. The single-gene overexpression or simultaneous expression of genes encoding chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) resulted in a significant increase of measured phenolic acids and anthocyanins. The increase in phenolic compounds synthesis is accompanied by decreases in starch and glucose levels in transgenic plants. The flavonoids-enriched plants showed improved antioxidant capacity; however, there is a complex relationship between antioxidant capacity and flavonoids content, suggesting the great participation of other compounds in the antioxidant potential of the plants. These other compounds are not yet recognized.     

Bowman-Brik胰蛋白酶抑制剂在水稻叶片生长和种子萌发过程中的表达

Bowman-Birk胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BBTI)是一类富含半胱氨酸的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,广泛分布于豆科、禾本科和菊科植物中,在蛋白质存储和植物防御中具有重要作用。水稻(Oryza sativa L.ssp.indica)BBTI家族具有13个成员,其中BBTI-9和BBTI-10都为假基因。其余BBTI成员都存在数量不同的保守Bowman-Birk结构域。为了解BBTI的表达信息,本研究主要通过设计多肽序列的方法,制备了11个BBTI的多克隆抗体,利用Western blot技术检测其在叶片生长发育和种子萌发过程中的表达。结果表明BBTI在叶片生长过程中呈现不同的时空特异性表达,BBTI-1、-2、-11、-12和-13伴随叶片生长含量增加,BBTI-5、-6和-8在苗期表达含量高,而BBTI-3、-4、-7在苗早期1cm时表达量达到峰值,以修饰或多聚体的形式在叶片生长过程中表达。在种子萌发过程中发现BBTI-8在种子中表达量较高,萌发后2h降到最低,24h后一条分子量略小的降解带开始表达,其余抗体在种子萌发阶段未发现有明显的变化。本研究还统计了苗期叶片、分蘖期叶片和萌发期的种子的MPSStags数据,试图比较转录与蛋白质水平对应关系。本研究结果证明,BBTI蛋白质在水稻生长发育过程中存在差异表达,为深入了解其功能提供了重要线索。     

小麦胁迫相关蛋白基因TaSAP12-D的耐盐性分析

胁迫相关蛋白（SAPs）是一类具有A20/AN1锌指结构域的蛋白,在植物中主要参与逆境胁迫响应。为探究小麦胁迫相关蛋白基因TaSAP12-D在耐盐胁迫中的功能,本研究以小麦品种旱选10号为试材,克隆得到TaSAP12-D基因,利用农杆菌瞬时注射烟草叶片进行亚细胞定位,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)进行不同组织和盐胁迫条件下的表达模式分析,利用蘸花法将TaSAP12-D转化到拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana L.）中并进行耐盐性分析。结果表明,TaSAP12-D基因全长519 bp,编码172个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为18.41 kDa,等电点为9.21。亚细胞定位显示,TaSAP12-D在烟草细胞核和细胞质中均有表达。qRT-PCR结果显示,TaSAP12-D在小麦萌发期和幼苗期的胚芽、根和叶中均有表达,其中在幼苗期的叶中表达量最高。在盐胁迫条件下,TaSAP12-D的表达量显著上调。在150 mmol·L-1NaCl处理条件下,过表达TaSAP12-D拟南芥的存活率显著提高,表明TaSAP12-D可以增强转基因拟南芥的耐盐性。另外,在转基因拟南芥中盐胁迫相关...     

水稻OsHsfA7基因RNA干扰载体的构建及遗传转化研究

为研究水稻热激转录因子基因OsHsfA7的功能及其在水稻耐热育种方面的应用价值,本文通过构建水稻OsHsfA7基因RNA干扰载体获得功能抑制变异材料,从反向遗传学进行基因的功能分析。扩增OsHsfA7c DNA3'编码区470bp片段,分别以反向和正向插入到中间载体pBSK连接的GUS片段两侧,然后将得到的RNA干扰片段克隆到改造的植物表达载体p1301M,构建以CaMV35S启动子驱动表达的水稻OsHsfA7基因RNA干扰表达载体。将该载体转入根癌农杆菌EHA105后,采用农杆菌介导法进行了水稻日本晴品种的遗传转化,获得了23株具有潮霉素抗性的转基因植株,其中12株经GUS染色呈蓝色并且DNA检测10株已插入目的片段,RNA检测其中6株OsHsfA7基因的表达水平下降甚至未检出。结果说明本研究构建的OsHsfA7基因RNA干扰载体对该基因表达沉默是有效的。     

人胰高血糖素样肽1在转基因番茄中的表达

人胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP1）是一种短肽激素,对Ⅱ型糖尿病具有很好的疗效。本研究在设计合成GLP1基因并构建植物表达载体的基础上,通过农杆菌介导将GLP1基因导入番茄基因组中,经过PCR扩增和Southern Blot分析,证实GLP1基因已整合进入9个株系的番茄基因组中。Western Blot检测表明,其中4个株系转基因番茄的叶片能够检测到hGLP1融合蛋白的表达。通过Ni—NTA亲和层析分离纯化转基因番茄表达的hGLP1融合蛋白,动物实验表明该融合蛋白具有显著的降血糖生物活性。本研究结果将为转基因番茄作为生物反应器表达药用蛋白提供重要的理论和技术支持,并将为培育具有糖尿病治疗功能的番茄新品种奠定基础。