AcMNPV chiA基因表达产物对棉铃虫围食膜的破坏及对Bt和NPV的增效作用

采用PCR方法扩增出苜蓿银纹夜蛾(Autographa californica)核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)几丁质酶基因(chiA)编码区1.6kb全长片段,并将该片段分别克隆至原核表达载体pET30a和杆状病毒BactoBac表达系统转移载体pFastBac中,分别在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)和草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)细胞系Sf-9中进行了表达。SDS-PAGE分析表明,在大肠杆菌和昆虫细胞中均有效表达了60kD的蛋白。将表达产物饲喂5龄棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)幼虫后取其围食膜,扫描电镜结果显示,围食膜结构遭到破坏形成大量孔洞。生物测定结果表明,以上两种表达产物对苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)和核型多角体病毒(NPV)均具有增效作用。以AcMNPVChiA在大肠杆菌和细胞系Sf-9中的表达产物分别与BtCry2Ac蛋白混合饲喂棉铃虫初孵幼虫,增效率分别为33.4%和54.5%,其LT50较对照处理分别缩短了17.8和20.6h;当AcMNPVChiA在大肠杆菌和细胞系Sf-9中的表达产物分别与甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassica)核型多角体病毒(MbNPV)混合处理棉铃虫初孵幼虫时,其LT50与对照比较分别缩短了16.6和22.4h。     

AcMNPV chiA基因表达产物对棉铃虫围食膜的破坏及对Bt和NPV的增效作用研究

采用PCR方法扩增出苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（AcMNPV）几丁质酶基因（chiA）编码区1.6kb全长片段,并将该片段分别克隆至原核表达载体pET30a和杆状病毒Bac to Bac表达系统转移载体pFastBac中,分别在大肠杆菌（E. coli）BL21(DE3)和草地贪夜蛾细胞系Sf-9中进行了表达。SDS-PAGE分析表明,在大肠杆菌和昆虫细胞中均有效表达了60kDa的蛋白。将表达产物饲喂5龄棉铃虫幼虫后取其围食膜,扫描电镜结果显示,围食膜结构遭到破坏形成大量孔洞。生物测定结果表明,以上两种表达产物对Bt和NPV均具有增效作用。以AcMNPV ChiA在大肠杆菌和细胞系Sf-9中的表达产物分别与Bt Cry2Ac蛋白混合饲喂棉铃虫幼虫,增效率分别为33.4％和54.5％,其LT50较对照处理分别缩短了17.8h和20.6h;当AcMNPV ChiA在大肠杆菌和细胞系Sf-9中的表达产物分别与甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒（MbNPV）混合处理棉铃虫幼虫时,其LT50与对照比较分别缩短了16.6h和22.4h。     

棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B酶原在大肠杆菌中的表达及纯化

用合成的基因特异性引物通过RT-PCR扩增，获得棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)组织蛋白酶B基因(HCB)，将基因克隆到pGEX-4T-1载体，在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α内进行扩增，经过PCR筛选获得阳性克隆并提取质粒和测序验证后，再转化大肠杆菌BL21进行诱导表达。表达产物为组织蛋白酶B-谷胱甘肽S转移酶的融合蛋白，分子量在63kD左右。表达产物形成了包涵体，经过对包涵体变性和复性处理，得到了可溶性的融合蛋白，可被Glutathione Sepharose 4B柱亲和纯化，用凝血酶裂解融合蛋白后，经SDS-PAGE分离到37kD左右的棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B酶原。N-末端氨基酸测序鉴定表达产物为棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B。     

水稻PDK2基因原核表达和多克隆抗体制备

本研究以水稻幼苗为材料,通过RT-PCR扩增得到1.1kb的编码PDK2(登录号:AK100033)基因的片段,成功构建重组表达载体pET-23d-PDK2并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中。研究结果表明,重组蛋白以包涵体的形式存在,且PDK2的最佳表达条件为:28℃,120r/min,0.5mmol/L IPTG诱导60min。经纯化后免疫新西兰大白兔以制备PDK2多克隆抗体。Western blot检测表明该抗体的特异性和效价较好,这为进一步研究水稻PDK2的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

绵羊肺炎支原体hlyA基因的表达及活性初步鉴定

绵羊肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae,MO)可引起绵羊(Ovis aries)及山羊(Capra hircus)的支原体性肺炎,分布广泛,危害严重.本实验在课题组前期完成MO Y98株基因组测序的基础上,通过基因注释、PCR等获得了该菌株可能的溶血素(hemolysin,hlyA)基因;依据大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)优势密码子对hlyA基因进行优化,构建优化后hlyA原核表达质粒pET32a-hlyA;将该质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中,获得了相应的重组菌株,并对重组菌株进行诱导表达;采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)和Western blot对表达的重组蛋白进行鉴定,并经Ni2+金属螯合柱纯化.克隆了MO hlyA基因序列(GenBank登录号:KT598390),片段大小为375 bp,编码125个氨基酸.优化后密码子适应指数为0.91,目的基因适于在大肠杆菌中表达.重组融合蛋白多以包涵体的形式存在,其相对分子质量约为31.6 kD,与预期大小一致.Western blot结果显示,上清中纯化出的目的蛋白能与一抗发生反应,重组蛋白特异性较好.溶血实验表明,当纯化后蛋白浓度稀释到0.125 μg/mL时,溶解红细胞的能力已经下降.该研究结果为后续绵羊肺炎支原体致病性研究提供了基础资料.     

潮霉素磷酸转移酶（hpt）基因的原核表达、蛋白纯化及其抗体制备

从转基因玉米(Zea mays)基因组上成功地克隆出潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因(hpt),通过BamH Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ双酶切将hpt基因与pET30a进行粘性末端连接,成功构建了pET30a-hpt质粒,并转化到大肠杆菌(Eschenchia coli)BL21中进行蛋白表达.在异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导下,pET30a-hpt融合表达载体在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中以可溶性蛋白的形式高效表达了HPT蛋白,并通过金属鏊和层析纯化了目的蛋白.用肠激酶切除了融合蛋白的融合部分之后再一次通过金属鏊和层析,经过透析后获得了HPT纯品,并且使用纯化的HPT蛋白免疫兔制备了特异性强、灵敏度高的多克隆抗体.     

小鼠干扰素应答基因(Ifrg15)的克隆、原核表达及其融合蛋白的亲和纯化

为研究一个可能的干扰素应答基因(interferon responsive gene 15,Ifrg15)所编码蛋白质的生物学功能,对昆明小鼠(Mus musculus)基因组DNA进行PCR扩增获得Ifrg15(393 bp),并将其克隆到pGEM-T载体,经测序鉴定后用EcoR Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ酶切下Ifrgl5基因片段并和双酶切后的表达载体pET-41(c)进行连接,然后转化入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)感受态细胞.对重组克隆用IPTG诱导融合蛋白的表达,并进行分离纯化.结果表明,本实验在E.coli BL21(DE3)菌株中成功地高效表达、并在变性亲和层析条件下成功纯化了GST&6xHis-Ifrg15融合蛋白.     

猪源抗菌肽Protegrin-1基因在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

为了使猪源抗菌肽Protegrin-1(PG-1)在原核表达载体中获得高效表达,在不改变PG-1氨基酸的基础上,根据大肠杆菌偏好密码子表,替换PG-1部分密码子,设计两段互补的引物,利用搭桥PCR技术扩增完整的PG-1成熟肽基因,重组至融合表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,构建成抗菌肽PG-1基因融合表达载体pGEX4T-PG-1,转化至大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)plyS中,筛选得到阳性克隆,并用1.0 mmol/L的IPTG进行诱导表达.SDS-PAGE电泳图谱显示在28 kD处有特异性的蛋白条带出现,经Western blot检测表明重组子已经成功地在大肠杆菌中表达了融合蛋白.纯化得到的GST-PG-1用凝血酶切割后,经用亲合层析得到分子量约为2 kD抗菌肽PG-1蛋白1.38 mg/L.对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)抑菌试验结果表明,重组抗菌肽PG-1具有明显的抑菌效果.     

牛杀菌/通透性增加蛋白氮端片段的原核表达

目的 克隆牛杀菌/通透性增强蛋白(BPI)N端cDNA,构建原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌中表达BPI蛋白,并纯化重组蛋白。方法 参照Genbank报道的序列,应用RT-PCR技术,从牛嗜中性粒细胞mRNA中扩增出杀菌/通透性增加蛋白基因,然后将该基因插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21,进行诱导表达。结果 获得BPI N端长度为714 bp的基因片断,序列分析证实该片断中有1个点突变。大肠杆菌中的表达产物为相对分子质量约为52×103的GST-BPI融合蛋白。结论 成功的表达和纯化了BPI重组蛋白。     

鸭瘟病毒gB蛋白N端抗原域的高效表达及其免疫特性

在分析鸭瘟病毒(Duck plague virus,DPV)gB蛋白抗原性的基础上,设计1对引物克隆gB蛋白N端抗原性较好的抗原域编码基因,克隆到表达载体pET32a中,构建了原核表达质粒pET-gB1.将pET-gB1转化到感受态大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导和SDS-PAGE分析,可见约42.4kD的目的蛋白以包涵体形式表达.Western blot分析发现,表达产物与抗鸭瘟的鼠阳性血清发生特异性反应.将包涵体溶解于8mol/L的尿素中,利用His-Bind试剂盒获得纯化的蛋白,将纯化的蛋白皮下注射免疫小鼠,间接ELISA法测得抗体的效价,MTT法检测免疫小鼠的T淋巴细胞增殖反应能力.结果说明,该融合蛋白能够诱导机体产生较强的体液免疫和细胞免疫.     

Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2)

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins.     

Excretion of (14)C-fumonisin B(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1), and (14)C-fumonisin B(1)-fructose in rats.

14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form.     

(三唑基-~(14)C-)粉锈宁的标记合成

本文报道了(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁的制备。由14C-甲酸和重碳酸氨基胍形成(5-14C)-3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑,再经重氮化脱氨得到(5-14C)-1,2,4-三唑,最后再与对氯酚和二氯片呐酮反应得到(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁。放化收率为26％(从甲酸-14C计),放化纯度大于95％。     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homochiral (R)- and (S)-karahanaenol from (R)-limonene

Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative.     

Theoretical speciation of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) in agronomic conditions

The presence of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) as the second largest component in commercial EDDHA iron chelates has recently been demonstrated. Here is reported the speciation of o,p-EDDHA by the application of a novel methodology through the determination of the complexing capacity, protonation, and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) stability constants. The pM values and species distribution in solution, hydroponic, and soil conditions were obtained. Due to the para position of one phenol group in o,p-EDDHA, the protonation constants and Ca and Mg stability constants have different values from those of o,o-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA regioisomers. o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) stability constants are higher than those of EDTA/Fe(3+) but lower than those of o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+). The sequence obtained for pFe is o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+) >/= o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) > EDTA/Fe(3+). o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) can be used as an iron chelate in hydroponic conditions. Also, it can be used in soils with limited Cu availability.     

Binding studies of oxovanadium(V) with ovalbumins (OA)

The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id₀) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG ⁰ value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin.     

Effect of pH on interaction between As(III) or As(V) and manganese(IV) oxide

The efficiency of As(III) oxidation by MnO₂, and retention of oxidation products varies with system pH. Maximum retention by hydrous Mn(IV) oxide occurs at pH < 5, declining at higher pH to about half total As at pH 10. The adsorption capacities of pyrolusite and cryptomelane at pH ～6.5 for As(V) species were 10 and 25 mmol kg^?1, respectively. HMO surface saturation (～10 mmol kg^?1) was reached with equilibrium As(V) levels of 5 to 8 × 10^?6 M but this was supplemented at higher levels by an absorption process where uptake increased linearly with concentration (e.g., 68 mmol kg^?1 with 2 × 10^?5 M As(V)). Added As(III) was avidly oxidized and most product retained at pH 3. At higher pH increasing amounts of As(III) remained unoxidized due to initial reactions apparently blocking access to internal pores. Added Na⁺ reduced the amount of As retained by the HMO, with the phosphate salt having a significant effect. Extraction studies confirmed that most As could be released by exposure to reducing agents or chelating agents (EDTA). The environmental significance of the results has been considered.