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菲律宾蛤仔土池人工育苗试验报告 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
于1995年5~8月,利用对虾养殖土池乾地菲律宾蛤仔人工育苗试验,将200亩土 池经清淤,铺沙等改造后使用。作了蛤仔的亲贝蓄养,诱导产卵,受精孵化和浮游幼虫培养,获得附着稚贝平均为2310万粒/亩,面盘幼虫至附着稚贝的成活率为11.6%,试验结果表明,在北方地区用土池培育蛤仔种苗是可行的。 相似文献
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胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔的性腺发育 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
1996年4~6月,对胶州湾内的菲律宾蛤仔连续取样,将性腺用10%福尔马林液固定,组织切片4~6μm,H.E染色,显微照相显示菲律宾蛤仔卵巢和精巢的发育是同步进行的,性腺在4月初开始进入繁殖初期的快速发育,4月中和4月底生殖细胞已明显增大,至5月上旬染滤已被成熟的生殖细胞充满,5月中旬前后生殖细胞被分批排放,5月下旬和6月上旬性腺进入休止状态,至此,形成了一个繁殖期,在繁殖期内,高龄贝比低龄贝发育 相似文献
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菲律宾蛤仔规模化育苗技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
我们于2004-2005年进行了菲律宾蛤仔规模化育苗试验和生产,解决了菲律宾蛤仔规模化人工育苗的关键技术,为菲律宾蛤仔的全人工养殖推广和开发提供了技术支持和保障。主要技术研究情况如下: 相似文献
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为研究菲律宾蛤仔的滩涂生态养殖技术,在长江口以北的黄海海区滩涂进行了菲律宾蛤仔砂仔苗、白仔苗及中仔苗3种不同规格苗种的生态养殖试验。试验结果:大面积增养殖条件下,砂子苗、白仔苗及中仔苗的放养密度分别为2 700、760、667粒·m-2时,捕获量分别为(7.96±0.31)×10-2、(3.03±0.12)、(1.89±0.06)kg·m-2。小面积增养殖条件下,白仔苗和中仔苗的成活率与放养密度呈负相关。另外,滩涂养殖白仔苗经15~18个月养殖可采捕销售,亩产值7272元(15亩=1 hm2,下同);浅海底播养殖中子苗,经11个月的养殖可采捕销售,亩均产值5048元;在大规格苗种培育中,从砂仔苗(壳长1~3 mm)培育到白仔苗(壳长8~10 mm)需7个多月,亩产值1067元。 相似文献
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菲律宾蛤仔高密度育苗技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
设计和制造了可以大规模应用于菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)等经济贝类苗种生产的高密度幼体培育系统、高密度稚贝培养系统,并建立了与之相配套的贝类育苗新工艺。克服了传统育苗方式占地面积大、生产效率低、种苗质量和产量不稳定的弱点,具有低消耗、高质量和高效益的突出特点,是贝类育苗工艺的变革。利用这一育苗技术,可以充分发挥高密度、集约化生产的优势,通过对苗种培育过程中水质、饵料和环境条件的全面控制,消除或减少敌害生物的影响,提高幼体的抗逆能力,从而杜绝抗生素的使用;在降低育苗生产的环境污染同时,向养殖户提供健康、优质的贝类苗种,是一种与环境相协调的、可持续的水产苗种培育模式。 相似文献
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Ichimi Kazuhiko Honda Miyuki Okada Yuka Tsuzuki Kana Yamaguchi Hitomi 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(3):417-427
Fisheries Science - We carried out surveys to clarify how the density (no. of individuals/m2) and condition factor (CF) of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum differ between estuarine tidal flats... 相似文献
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不同温度与饵料浓度下菲律宾蛤仔的能量收支 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
在静水系统中测定了实验条件下菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)的摄食率、吸收率、耗氧率和排泄率等生理指标;研究了软体部干重、温度和饵料浓度对菲律宾蛤仔最小碳需求量(WMCR)和能量收支的影响;建立了不同温度及饵料浓度下菲律宾蛤仔的能量收支方程。结果表明:最小碳需求量随个体软体部干重的增加而增加,温度越高其增加速率越快;软体部干重对生长效率没有显著的影响。温度通过影响耗氧率而显著影响单位软体部干重的最小碳需求量。在9—22℃范围内,菲律宾蛤仔的生长余力(SFG)随温度和饵料浓度的升高而增加,在较低温度和饵料浓度下蛤仔的SFG均出现负值。在能量收支方程中摄食能随温度变化显著,而呼吸耗能随温度的变化不明显。 相似文献
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菲律宾蛤仔2个壳色品系群体杂交的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
于2007年10月,以F1代海洋红(R)和斑马蛤(Z)为材料,开展了2个壳色菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)品系的群体杂交。试验由RR(R♀×R♂)、ZZ(Z♀×Z♂)、RZ(R♀×Z♂)和ZR(Z♀×R♂)组成。结果表明,2个壳色品系亲贝壳长、重量和产卵量差异显著(P〈0.05)。各试验组卵径、受精率和D形幼虫大小元显著差异(P〉0.05),但杂交组孵化率显著高于相应对照组(P〈0.05)。浮游期间幼虫未表现出明显的生长优势,但表现出一定的存活优势。RZ和ZR的生长优势平均值分别为(1.63±0.81)%和(2.58±0.67)%;生长速度分别为(8.64±0.32)和(8.67±0.31)μm·d^-1,显著高于相应对照组(P〈0.05);存活优势分别为(10.30±1.92)%和(16.30±1.04)%。室内培育期间稚贝表现出明显的生长、存活优势。RZ、ZR的生长优势平均值分别为(11.25±2.98)%和(20.31±2.10)%;生长速度分别为(9.88±1.45)和(10.79±1.32)μm·d^-1,显著高于相应对照组(P〈0.05),存活优势分别为(40.85±9.90)%和(57.08±11.98)%。 相似文献
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SEM observations on larval shell morphology of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and their utility
Nariaki Inoue Ryogen Nanbu Natsuki Hasegawa Junya Higano Hisami Kuwahara Hideo Sekiguchi 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(6):1237-1243
Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is common and abundant on Japanese tidal flats, forming a commercially important clam fishery. However, annual catches of Manila clam have decreased drastically since 1975?C1985. To study larval recruitment processes of Manila clam, we carried out scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations on larval and juvenile shells of clams reared at 20 and 24?°C. There was no significant difference in final shell length of trochophores between 20 and 24?°C. However, the larval duration was much longer and the shell length of settled size of pediveligers was much larger for clams reared at 20?°C than those reared at 24?°C. These findings suggest that larval duration and growth, as well as settlement size, may vary markedly depending on temperature (and probably on season). The larval shell morphology of Manila clam can provide essential information about larval recruitment processes. 相似文献
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The heritability of larval and juvenile growth in natural and cultured populations of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum was estimated using an unbalanced nested design and an artificial fertilization technique. A total of 33 full‐sib families and 10 half‐sib families were obtained from the natural population in Shihe (Dalian, Liaoning Province in the north‐eastern part of China), whereas 11 half‐sib families and 33 full‐sib families were generated from the cultured population in Putian (Fujian Province in the south‐eastern part of China). The offspring from each family were reared under the same hatchery and nursery conditions. Results from these studies led to estimates indicating a significantly greater influence due to the dam component compared with the sire component for both natural and cultured populations, which was mainly due to maternal effect. We found that the heritability estimates obtained from the intra‐group correlation of sire half‐sib were precise and unbiased. The narrow‐sense heritabilities of shell length for the Manila clam in the natural population (NP) at larval (at the age of 9 days) and juvenile (at the age of 30 days) stages were 0.22 ± 0.11 and 0.39 ± 0.14, respectively, whereas those in the cultured population (CP) were 0.17 ± 0.09 and 0.87 ± 0.24 respectively. The heritabilities of both NP and CP at 3 days were not significantly different from zero, and were ?0.03 for NP and ?0.14 for CP. These results suggest that selection should be highly effective in Manila clam, and that selecting either a natural or a cultured population for producing faster growing larvae and juveniles should be successful. Selective breeding could thus be used to develop high‐quality seed that would facilitate the development of a shorter culture cycle and higher yields. 相似文献
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菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)养殖生产已有悠久的历史,我国南北沿海均有大面积养殖,与缢蛏、泥蚶、牡蛎有四大养殖贝类之称,是一种极具发展前景的养殖贝类。上世纪80年代以来,许多研究人员对菲律宾蛤仔的生理生态、生长发育及繁殖等方面进行了系统的研究。 相似文献
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大连群体两种壳型菲律宾蛤仔的双列杂交 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
为探讨不同壳型菲律宾蛤仔的杂种优势,于2007年6月开展了壳宽型(W)和壳扁型(P)两种壳型菲律宾蛤仔的双列杂交。实验由2个杂交组PW(P♀×W♂)、WP(W♀×P♂)和2个自交组WW(W♀×W♂)、PP(P♀×P♂)组成。结果表明,杂交子代壳宽与壳长的比值、放射肋数介于两个自交子代之间,表现为中间型。浮游期间,幼虫未表现出生长优势,但表现出一定的存活优势,幼虫大小存在显著的母本效应。PW和WP子代的存活优势分别为(3.43±0.54)和(4.21±0.55)。室内培育阶段,杂交子代稚贝表现出明显的生长、存活优势,但母本效应逐渐减弱,PW和WP子代的生长优势分别为(10.76±2.25)和(8.28±1.88),存活优势分别为(5.52±0.62)和(11.10±2.41)。养成期间,杂交子代的生长、存活优势更加明显,母本效应消失,PW和WP子代的生长优势分别为(16.22±0.23)和(14.80±1.50),体重的杂种优势分别为(50.29±1.13)和(35.27±2.43),存活优势分别为(12.30±1.37)和(17.45±0.75)。以上结果说明两种不同壳型蛤仔杂交可以产生杂交优势,随着个体发育杂交优势越来越明显。 相似文献