温郁金RAPD-PCR反应体系建立及条件优化

在提取纯化温郁金DNA的基础上,利用PCR扩增技术,对Mg2 、dNTP、模板DTA、引物、Taq聚合酶等反应条件进行优化,建立温郁金基因组DNA的RAPD-PCR最佳反应体系.结果表明:最佳条件是总体积为25μL,其中Mg2 (25mM)2μL,Taq 聚合酶(5 U/μL)0.3μL,引物浓度(20μM)1.0μL,模板DNA(5 ng/μL)1.0μL,dNTP(2.5 mM)2.0μL,10×PCRbuffer 2.5μL;PCR扩增程序为94℃预变性5min;94℃变性35 s,36℃退火1min,72℃复性1.5 min,共42个循环;最后72℃延伸10 min,该研究得出的体系是温郁金RAPD-PCR的最适宜反应体系,具有省时、经济、简便以及扩增条带较清晰、稳定等特点,为今后温郁金的遗传多样性研究奠定了基础.     

中国樱桃S-RNase基因PCR扩增技术体系的建立

通过对TaqDNA聚合酶、Mg2+、dNTP、通用引物、模板DNA浓度等反应参数的系统研究,建立了中国樱桃S-RNase基因特异PCR扩增体系。该体系反应的总体积25μL,其中Taq酶1.25U,MgCl22.5mmol/L,dNTP0.15mmol/L,通用引物0.25μmol/L,模板DNA 50 ng。反应程序为:94℃预变性3 min;33个循环的94℃变性1 min,56℃退火45 s,72℃延伸1.5 min;最后72℃延伸10 min。利用优化的扩增体系在中国樱桃的不同品种中获得有效扩增,进一步证明了该体系具有良好的稳定性和重复性。     

正交设计对‘红阳’猕猴桃ISSR反应体系的优化研究

以‘红阳’猕猴桃及其杂交F1代为试材,通过正交设计对ISSR-PCR扩增反应的影响因子进行优化,初步确立了适合‘红阳’猕猴桃ISSR-PCR反应体系:总体积20μL,10×PCR buffer2.0μL,Mg2+0.75 mmol/L,Taq酶1.5 U,模板DNA 60 ng,引物1.25μmol/L,dNTPs 0.15mmol/L。扩增程序:94℃预变性7 min,94℃变性30 s,50~58℃退火45 s,72℃延伸2 min,45个循环,72℃延伸7 min。引物UBC841的最佳退火温度为58.5℃。应用该优化反应体系,用UBC835对35份杂交F1代DNA进行ISSR-PCR扩增,结果显示优化后的反应体系具有较高的稳定性。     

枇杷属植物ISSR反应体系的建立和优化

首次通过正交实验,对影响枇杷属植物ISSR反应较大的Mg2+、Taq酶、dNTPs、引物、模板DNA浓度进行筛选,并对扩增反应程序进行优化。优化后的反应体系为:25μL反应体系中,含10×buffer2.5μL,Mg2+浓度2.0mmol·L-1,Taq酶1.5U,引物0.3μmol·L-1,模板DNA60ng,dNTPs0.15mmol·L-1。反应程序为94℃预变性5mim;94℃变性1mim,退火温度70s,72℃延伸1.5mim,40次循环;72℃延伸7mim,4℃保存。     

干用辣椒RAPD-PCR反应体系及扩增程序的优化

以干用辣椒叶片为材料,研究了干用辣椒RAPD分析过程中的影响因素,包括Taq酶、Mg2+、dNTPs、引物、模板DTA浓度、退火温度、退火时间及循环次数等,建立适合干用辣椒RAPD反应的PCR体系,即25μL反应体系中含有Taq酶1.5 U、Mg2+2.5 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.6mmol/L、引物0.8μmol/L、模板DNA 60 ng.扩增程序为:94℃预变性4 min;94℃变性1 min,37℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1.5 min,40个循环;最后72℃延伸5 min.该优化体系在干用辣椒RAPD分析中获得较理想的扩增结果,为应用RAPD技术对干用辣椒遗传多样性奠定基础.     

茄子微卫星标记(SSR)反应体系的优化研究

以茄子品种"哈农杂茄4号"DNA为试材,利用单因素试验方法,研究了茄子SSR技术中PCR体系的主要成分对SSR扩增结果的影响,并比较了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和琼脂糖电泳检测扩增产物多态性的差异。结果表明:反应体系中,模板DNA的适宜浓度为20~40ng,适宜的引物浓度为0.3μmol/L,dNTP的适宜浓度为200μmol/L,Mg2+的最适浓度范围为2.0~2.5mmol/L,Taq聚合酶在20μL反应体系中宜加入1U。茄子SSR的最佳反应程序为94℃预变性5min;94℃变性1min,52~56℃复性1min,72℃延伸2min,35个循环;最后72℃延伸8min。PCR产物检测时6%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的分辨率显著高于1.8%的琼脂糖电泳。     

辣椒SSR反应体系的优化

本试验研究了辣椒SSR-PCR反应体系的主要成分对扩增结果的影响,同时进行了退火温度梯度和循环次数试验。优化后的反应体系为:总体积20μL,1.5μL模板DNA(25ng/μL)、1U Taq酶、0.375μmol.L-1引物、1.875mmol.L-1Mg2 、0.2mmol.L-1dNTPs、1XPCR buffer。扩增程序为:94℃预变性4min,94℃变性45s,58℃(以SSR005为例)退火45s,72℃延伸90s,35个循环,最后一个循环延伸增加为8min,4℃保存至电泳。     

SRAP分析体系的优化及在枇杷种质资源研究上的应用

以me7(5’-TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCC-3’)和em7(5’-GACTGCGTACGAATTCAA-3’)正反向引物组合对西班牙枇杷品种Javierin进行了SRAP分析体系的优化,结果表明,在25μL反应体系中,5种主要成分的适宜浓度或用量分别是:dNTPs0.3mmol/L,Mg2+2.5mmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶1.0U,引物0.3μmol/L,模板DNA20ng,优化的扩增程序为:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性1min,35℃复性1min,72℃延伸1min30s,5个循环;之后94℃变性1min,50℃复性1min,72℃延伸1min30s,35个循环;最后72℃下延伸10min。并将该优化的体系在来自中国、西班牙、日本、意大利和美国的46份枇杷种质资源上进行了SRAP扩增的初步应用,经琼脂糖和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳均获得了清晰、重复性好的SRAP指纹图谱。     

新疆野生樱桃李SSR体系的建立及应用

为建立适宜新疆野生樱桃李的SSR分子标记技术体系,通过对PCR反应程序、反应体系(DNA模板量、引物浓度、Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度、Taq酶用量)以及退火温度进行了探索,建立了适宜野生樱桃李的SSR-PCR反应体系。结果表明:在25μL反应体系中,Mg2+1.0 mmol/L、引物0.5μmol/L、dNTPs 0.20 mmol/L、TaqDNA聚合酶1.0 U、模板DNA 30 ng、退火温度为60℃。SSR扩增程序:94℃预变性5 min,35个循环(94℃30 s,60℃1 min,72℃1 min),72℃延伸10 min,可筛选出稳定性好、多态性高的SSR引物。     

硅胶干燥胡杨叶片DNA提取与RAPD反应体系的建立

以塔里木河流域胡杨(Populus euphratica)硅胶干燥叶片为材料,采用改进CTAB法提取胡杨基因组DNA,得到满足RAPD(Random amplif ied polymorphic DNA),随机扩增多态性DNA分析的胡杨基因组DNA。通过单因素优化试验,得到胡杨RAPD分析的最佳反应体系为:40 ng模板DNA,0.8 U rTaqDNA聚合酶,2.5 mmol/L Mg2+,0.3 mmol/L dNTPs,0.5μmol/L随机引物,1×buffer缓冲液,ddH2O补足至10μL。扩增反应程序为:94℃预变性5 min,94℃变性30 s,38℃复性30 s,72℃延伸120 s,35个循环,最后72℃延伸7 min。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.