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1.
啤酒大麦糖化力及其有关酿造品质性状的胚和胚乳遗传效应分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以7个二棱大麦品种及其半双列杂交F2种子的两年资料,采用包括基因型X环境互作的麦芽品质性状遗传模型,对糖化力(DP),α-淀粉酶活力(αAA),β-淀粉酶活力甲(βAA)和麦芽N含量的胚和胚乳直接遗传效应及其环境互作进行了遗传研究。结果表明,这4个麦芽品质性状既受基因型影响又受环境(年份)影响。DP和βAA的遗传主要受胚乳直接 相似文献
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以7个二棱大麦品种及其半双列杂交F_2种子的两年资料,采用包括基因型×环境互作的麦芽品质性状遗传模型,对糖化力(DP)、α-淀粉酶活力(αAA)、β-淀粉酶活力(βAA)和麦芽N含量的胚和胚乳直接遗传效应及其环境互作进行了遗传研究。结果表明,这4个麦芽品质性状既受基因型影响又受环境(年份)影响。DP和βAA的遗传主要受胚乳直接显性效应和胚显性×环境互作效应的控制,胚加性效应×环境互作以及胚乳加性效应×环境互作对其表现有一定的影响。αAA和麦芽N的遗传同时受胚和胚乳遗传效应的决定,但以胚直接显性效应和胚乳直接加性效应为主,并发现胚加性和显性与环境以及胚乳加性与环境均有显著的互作存在。DP与βAA有显著正相关(rc=0.5601)。麦芽N与DP的正相关主要在于二者都与βAA有密切关系。αAA和麦芽N含量的普通狭义遗传率分别为26.1%和27.8%。 相似文献
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The early endosperm development in seven Vicia narbonensis populations was studied under a 23/ 16 ° C day/night temperature regime. Double fertilization occurred in less than 24 h after pollination. Endosperm divisions were synchronous until the 8th division of the endosperm nuclei. Aberrant endosperm nuclei were first observed alter the 8th division and their number increased after the 10th division. Endosperm nuclei continued to divide until the 12th day after pollination. During the following days a decrease in the number of endosperm nuclei was observed together with a substantial increase in the number of aberrants. Endosperm nuclei finally disintegrated. Neither cellularization nor starch deposition was observed in the endosperm. A positive correlation (r 0.69) was recorded between early pod length and the number of endosperm nuclei found in the ovules within each pod. In the populations studied the number of endosperm nuclei increased at a steady but different rate. This was followed by embryo development as well. It was concluded that intraspecific variation in the mean endosperm cell cycle time exists in Vicia narbonensis and that populations A 174 and A 202 should be more compatible to Vicia faba ev. ‘Polycarpe’ than population A 201. 相似文献
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受精前卵母细胞中贮存的大量RNA和蛋白质,对于后续早期胚胎的发育起着至关重要的作用。尤其是其中的母源效应复合物(subcortical maternal complex,SCMC)在卵母细胞发育成熟、后续早期胚胎发育中卵源-胚胎转换基因控制和印记基因表达方面起着必不可少的作用。为了深入了解SCMC发挥其调控功能的机制,就SCMC组成的4个因子(FLOPED,MATER,PADI6,TLE6)对于卵母细胞中胞质网格形成以及其调控胚胎发育的研究进展情况予以综述,期望对于有关母源效应复合物的研究有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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本研究选用10个六倍体小黑麦品种(系)为材料,利用20%PEG-6000模拟干旱,检测各品种芽期的发芽势、发芽率、胚芽鞘长、主根长以及苗期的POD和SOD活性、相对含水量、MDA含量,并计算各性状的抗旱系数(T/CK),根据抗旱系数的欧氏距离将其聚为两大类,一类为抗旱性强的S1、S3、S5、S8、 S10,另一类为抗旱性弱的S2、S4、S6、S7、S9。同时,利用RAPD分子标记分析其遗传多样性,以0.34为阈值将其分为三类,其中S4、S5为一类;S1、S2、S3、S6、S7、S8、S9为一类, S10自成一类。对比分析发现抗旱性强的一类品种分散分布在分子标记的三大类群里,表明这些分子标记与品种的抗旱性不相关。但反过来可以说明这些抗旱性强的品种其遗传差异较大,遗传变异丰富,为在小麦或小黑麦的抗旱育种中更好地利用这些品种资源提供了依据。 相似文献
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胚龄对Dorper羊冷冻胚胎移植效果的影响研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过胚胎移植技术 ,将 4胚龄、 5胚龄、 6胚龄、 7胚龄Dorper羊冷冻胚胎共计 1 1 9枚移植到 1 1 9只中国优秀地方绵羊品种—小尾寒羊体内 ,观察统计不同胚龄冷冻胚胎的移植妊娠率。以产羔记录统计的 4胚龄、 5胚龄、 6胚龄、 7胚龄冷冻胚胎的移植妊娠率分别为 4 3 75 %、6 5 1 2 %、 6 3 6 4%和 4 5 4 5 %。该试验结果表明 ,胚胎发育阶段即胚龄对冷冻胚胎移植效果具有明显影响。 相似文献
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为完善小黑麦花药培养技术体系,本研究在项目组前期研究基础上,研究了低温(4℃)预处理时间(15 d, 20 d, 25 d, 30 d, 35 d, 40 d)和高温(32℃)培养时间(0 d, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d)对小黑麦花药培养的影响,以及小黑麦不同基因型(石大1号小黑麦品种,甘农1号小黑麦品种,小黑麦品系P4, TZ3, TZ10, TZ12, TZ23, TZ25, TZ26)的花药培养效果。结果显示:小黑麦幼穗低温4℃预处理25 d时,花药的出愈率最高达17.27%。花药高温32℃培养2 d时,石大1号出愈率最高(56%),而P4不进行预处理时最高;小黑麦基因型间花药出愈率及绿苗分化率有显著差异,TZ26、TZ25和P4的出愈率及绿苗分化率显著高于其余材料,石大1号的出愈率较高,但绿苗分化率低。本研究结果为小黑麦单倍体育种提供科学依据。 相似文献
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诱导胚囊染色体加倍是一种高效的杨树多倍体诱导途径,为确定河北杨胚囊染色体加倍的最佳处理时机,采用石蜡切片方法对河北杨(Populus hopeiensis)胚囊与合子发育进程进行观察。结果表明:河北杨胚囊发育属于典型的蓼型发育模式;其发育进程既表现出一定的时序相关性,又具有极强的不同步性;在河北杨胚囊发育后期及合子发育过程中出现大量异常现象,大部分成熟胚囊和未成熟胚囊退化,形成空胚囊或具有异常结构的胚囊,只有极少数成熟胚囊能完成双受精作用并形成合子,考虑到新疆杨花粉可在河北杨柱头上正常萌发,推测胚囊退化可能是引起河北杨胚胎败育的主要原因。 相似文献
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The rate of early embryo-sac development was studied in seven faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars grown in a controlled environment. The embryo-sac stage was determined from the number of endosperm nuclei per embryo-sac and the number of embryo cells during the first 12 days after pollination. Differences in early embryo-sac development were observed between the genotypes studied. In addition, five different V. faba×V. narbonensis crosses and reciprocals were made using genotypes with small differences in mean endosperm cell cycle time and genotypes with large differences. The percentage of success (pod set) in V. faba×V. narbonensis crosses ranged between 9 % and 59 % while in the reciprocals it ranged from 12 % up to 30 %. However, cytological studies showed that the high percentage of success (pod set) observed in the cross A-107 × A-202 was not associated with a higher percentage of interspecific hybrid embryos. The results indicate that genotypes of the two species with smaller differences in mean endosperm cell cycle time result neither in a higher percentage pod set nor in bigger hybrid embryos. 相似文献
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Maize ( Zea mays , L. Sweet Corn) plants were given shaded, partially shaded and control light treatments during 10 days or 20 days periods around the time of pollination. Glucose, sucrose, starch and dry matter (DM) contents were measured at intervals in composite samples of pericarp/nucellus (PN), and in endosperms taken from developing kernels. Total kernel DM per ear at maturity was higher in the partially shaded treatment than control and shaded treatments due to higher kernel set in apical regions of ears. In PN at 11 days after pollination (DAP), DM and sucrose contents were slightly greater in partially shaded than control and shaded plants. Glucose contents were substantially greater than controls in PN of partially shaded plants and were less than control in shaded plants. In endosperms from apical kernels at 5 to 10 DAP (during cell division), DM, glucose and sucrose contents were substantially less in shaded than control and partially shaded plants, sucrose contents were greater in endosperms of partially shaded than control plants. Sugar contents in endosperms from basal kernels were nearly the same in the three light treatments. At 10 DAP, apical and basal endosperms in shaded plants had fewer nuclei than those of the other light treatments. The light treatments appeared to effect apical kernel growth by influencing the extent of cell division. 相似文献
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从由化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(ethylmethane sulfonate,EMS)处理的粳稻品种中花11突变体库中,筛选到一个可稳定遗传的胚胎和胚乳发育缺陷的突变体,命名为embryo and endosperm defective 1 (eed1)。eed1籽粒千粒重、颖果的粒长、粒宽、粒厚、萌发率、总淀粉、直链淀粉和贮藏蛋白系列指标较野生型均显著降低。eed1颖果严重皱缩,且胚乳呈粉质。利用扫描电镜观察发现,与中花11相比, eed1胚乳中淀粉粒排列疏松,多以单一、分散的淀粉粒存在,且呈近似球形。eed1胚胎结构异常,部分颖果未见有胚胎分化的痕迹。qRT-PCR发现, eed1胚乳中参与淀粉和贮藏蛋白合成的大部分基因表达下调。利用eed1与籼稻南京6号杂交得到的F2分离群体进行基因定位分析,将EED1定位于9号染色体长臂672kb的范围内,包含114个开放读码框。本研究为进一步解析EED1基因调控水稻胚胎和胚乳发育的机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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玉米籽粒发育过程中胚乳核DNA含量的变化同籽粒性状的关系 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
用双波长(550,488nm)显微分光光度法以测定籽粒发育时期不同Su2基因剂量(0-3)玉米杂交种(Mo17×B73)胚乳核的DNA含量。结果表明:单个胚乳核的DNA含量在授粉后第8天是3.0-4.6C,10天以后迅速上升,20-22天达到高峰,为48.9-63.9C,然后下降。年份间DNA含量差异显著(P≤0.05)。在籽粒发育过程中,胚乳核DNA含量与籽粒 相似文献
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以麦胚为主要原料,通过磨浆的方法,采用梯度试验和正交试验,确定了麦胚口服液的最佳工艺条件为:料水比1∶6,加酶量0.2%,95℃保持40min;活性炭加入量为0.5%;适宜浓缩比2.7∶1。对所得产品进行了抗氧化试验,添加0.01%的尼泊金乙酯,能有效地抑制麦胚液中不饱和脂肪酸的氧化。 相似文献
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为了探究不同成熟度的茶籽作为外植体诱导体细胞胚胎发生的差异,本文选择成熟度依次递增的茶籽E1、E2、E3和E4作为外植体进行培养研究,结果表明:E4外植体接种成活率最高,但是诱导体细胞胚发生率较低。E1外植体在灭菌时耗损率相对较高,而且体胚诱导发生能力并非最佳。E2和E3外植体诱导分化体细胞胚的频率以及诱导获得的二级体胚的频率都较高,E最佳,E3次之。以上结果说明E2茶籽外植体可以作为诱导体胚发生的优良材料。 相似文献
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大麦幼胚培养再生植株及其后代的细胞遗传学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从5个普通大麦品种的幼胚培养中均得到体细胞再分化植株。对214棵再生植株进行了细胞学检查,发现四倍体5株,占总数的2.3%;相互易位杂合体1株,占总数的0.46%。四倍体植株虽然得到少数大而瘪的种子,但它们次年没有发芽;易位杂合体减数分裂时的染色体构型为5Ⅱ+1Ⅳ,属于两对非同源染色体间的简单易位。其余所有二倍体植株的细胞 相似文献
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植物激素对棉属种间杂种胚乳细胞超微结构发育的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文报道了陆地棉和亚洲棉杂交时,喷施植物激素(GA3,NAA)后,对杂种胚乳细胞超微结构发育的影响。观察发现,(1)外源激素对原胚期的杂种胚乳细胞发育的影响不显著,但明显地促进了胚乳细胞中管状内质网的发育。(2)外源激素能明显促进杂种胚乳细胞中的内质网、质体和线粒体等细胞器的发育,使杂种胚乳细胞保持有一定的发育能力。(3)外源激素未能促进杂种胚乳细胞中核糖体和多聚核糖体的形成,也未能促进液泡和囊泡的发育,杂种胚乳细胞之间仍缺少胞间连丝,因此,喷施激素后的杂种胚乳细胞总是没有自交胚乳细胞那样旺盛地分裂与发育。 相似文献