2001年蒜薹贮藏管理的几点建议

2001年蒜薹总体入库质量很好，表现在蒜薹含水量较低，叶绿素含量、可溶性固形物含量较高，蒜薹表面的黄斑病较少，表现出良好的耐藏性。但是，不可忽视的是：① 2001年蒜薹采收期平均温度较高，使得蒜薹采收时老化程度较高 ,若采后不能马上预冷则会造成蒜薹薹梢黄化现象。据统计，异地贮藏的蒜薹，有 90％以上入库时薹梢已黄化，有的薹梢已干枯，薹基老化变硬和上翘；②黄斑病是蒜薹采前田间所带的病害，以老产区重茬地发生严重，另外蒜薹生长过程中降雨频繁或者阴雨、雾天多，蒜薹发病严重。     

2001年蒜薹入贮情况简介

蒜薹是目前国内长贮蔬菜数量较大的品种之一。蒜薹种植面积大，产地分散，但收获期相对比较集中，每年入库期间都是抢收抢购。受去年蒜薹经营亏损的影响， 2001年抢购潮波澜不惊，略显平稳，现从以下几方面作一简介。 　　(1)蒜薹入库质量：从全国情况看来，北方薹普遍好于南方     

蒜薹贮藏病变及控制措施

蒜薹是可以长期贮藏的主要蔬菜。但在贮藏过程中采取的方法不当，在薹梢、薹苞、薹梗和薹茎4个部位往往发生多种病变。下面对蒜薹在贮藏中的一些主要病变进行剖析，以求取得较好的贮藏效益。     

TY型保鲜袋贮藏蒜薹应用效果及效益分析

蒜薹是我国人民喜爱的蔬菜品种之一，也是冬季贮藏量较大的蔬菜品种。山东、河北、辽宁、黑龙江等地均有贮藏，大部分地区采用普通高压聚乙烯袋，贮期内每隔５－８天放风一次，人工劳动强度大，费用高，贮藏效果差。贮藏中后期袋壁结露多，蒜薹薹苞易膨大，薹条黄化速度快，薹梢常出现霉变。笔者从１９９３－２０００年经多次试验研究，试验了多种蒜薹保鲜袋，并从中筛选出ＴＹ蒜薹专用保鲜袋作为推广应用袋。１材料和方法１．１材料 蒜薹购自山东、安徽、黑龙江阿城。１．２保鲜袋制备 普通高压聚乙烯１８ＤＯ １２和ＬＬＤＰＥ为基本材料…     

对2003年若干个不同蒜薹品种产地贮藏的几点看法与建议

笔者针对2003年蒜薹入贮后所发现的几个问题及时提出来与广大贮户进行分析探讨,现将其主要内容归纳如下。今年贮户普遍认为蒜薹含水量小,易贮存,装袋时间提前而缩短了预冷时间,特别是临沂、莒县和苍山地区表现最为突出。因第一次和第二次预冷时间不到位,蒜薹还在僵硬的条件下完成装袋过程使临沂薹、莒县薹呼吸量超过了2002年,有个别贮藏库在8月初就出现了“水面”状,从基部到薹梢发生水烂,薹条整体僵硬,放在袋外长时间不软化。究其原因,造成2003年临沂、莒县薹贮藏期间呼吸普遍较强的主要原因是预冷时间太短,蒜薹水分蒸发不到位所致。2003年…     

甘蓝耐裂球性与叶表面微形态及细胞组织结构的关系研究

从细胞学水平上探讨影响甘蓝裂球的原因,为甘蓝耐裂性材料的选育和新品种的育成提供理论依据,并为甘蓝耐裂性鉴定指标的制定提供依据.运用扫描电子显微镜对4份耐裂性不同的甘蓝叶表面微形态及细胞组织结构进行比较观察.结果表明:甘蓝球叶表皮细胞为无规则型,气孔为卵圆形或长椭圆形.材料间下表皮微形态存在较显著的差别:耐裂材料的垂周壁上有明显的波状嵴,平周壁上有加厚的条纹状角质层纹饰,保卫细胞四周角质层褶皱较多、起伏较大,表皮细胞上覆盖有大量的粉状或颗粒状蜡质.易裂材料的垂周壁呈沟槽状下陷,平周壁上角质层光滑,保卫细胞四周角质层较平坦.耐裂材料的叶肉细胞层数多,排列紧密,间隙小.易裂材料叶肉细胞层数少,排列松散,间隙大.耐裂材料与易裂材料在球叶表面微形态及细胞组织结构上表现显著差异.     

蒜薹如何储藏？

一、储藏特性 蒜薹是大蒜的幼嫩花茎,采收以后新陈代谢十分旺盛,薹条表面缺少保护组织,采收时又正值高温季节,所以容易脱水老化和腐烂。老化的蒜薹变黄变空,纤维增多,薹苞膨大开裂,生出气生鳞茎,失去食用价值。     

切除薹苞处理对蒜薹货架期品质的影响

以苍山大田蒜薹为试材,采后在常温下进行切除薹苞处理,以不作任何处理为对照,于25℃下放置,定期测定其品质指标,研究切除薹苞处理对蒜薹货架期品质的影响。结果表明,切除薹苞处理能够较好地抑制薹条的老化,减缓可溶性固形物含量、水分、叶绿素和VC含量的降低速率,延长蒜薹的货架期。     

南欧蒜与普通大蒜主要营养组分的比较

验结果表明，南欧蒜平均单头鲜重及平均单薹鲜重显著高于苍山蒜和苏联蒜。南欧蒜蒜头中可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量高于普通大蒜，蒜薹中大蒜素含量高于苍山蒜略低于苏联蒜，蒜薹和蒜头中蛋白质、维生素C含量均低于苍山蒜和苏联蒜。     

如何防止蒜薹薹梢霉变

笔者有十几年蒜薹保鲜的工作经历,在多年的生产实践中,通过不断地学习、探索与研究,总结出一些关于防止蒜薹薹梢霉变的技术方法与实践经验,供相关工作人员参考。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.