The effect on herd production of “free” electricity on a milking plant

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Prior to the 1956–7 season, the herd investigated had a steadily rising curve of production. This levelled out at approximately 350 lb butterfat average production per cow, and was maintained for two further seasons.     

Observations on cloisonné kidney in sheep

Abstract

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Cloisonné kidney, though considered to be a non-clinical entity, has a pathological significance in certain animals, as has been reported in goats from many countries ⁽¹⁾ Altman, NH, Grossman, IW and Jernigan, NB. 1970. Manual of Histologie Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 3rd Edtn Vol. LX, 82–90.  [Google Scholar] ⁽²⁾ 1 and FW, Light. 1960. Manual of Histologie Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 3rd Edtn Vol. 9, 228–238.  [Google Scholar]. Pigmentation of renal cortical tubules has also been observed in horsesc ⁽⁴⁾ Marcato, PS and Simoni, P. 1982. Manual of Histologie Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 3rd Edtn Vol. 19, 572–573.  [Google Scholar]. However, no reports are yet available on such a condition in sheep. This communication therefore presents observations on cloisonne kidney in an Iranian sheep.     

Study on The Isozyme of Wild Yak

We have adopted PAGE method to isolate lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and α-amylase(α-Am)from wild yak's serum and measure the physical-chemical properties of the two components respectively. The results showed that the yak LDH isozyme distributed into five bands. The sequence according to their activity reads as LDH1 ＞ LDH2＞ LDH3 ＞ LDH4 ＞ LDH5. The subunit B is relatively occupied a dominant position. It got a wide operating pH range, high thermal stability,well denature resistance and a fairly large adaptability threshold on the physical-chemical change of surrounding environment. α-Am isozyme distributed into seven bands and also got a wide operating pH range. α-Am isozyme is high sensitivity to environmental temperature.     

Methods to Improve Meat Performance on Yak

To compare the quality of yak meat with that of other livestock, the growth and development of yak from birth to 48-month old were measured, slaughter tests of 6-, 24-, 48-month old were made. It can improve meat performance on yak to crossbreed with beef cattle or wild yak, to improve traditional feeding and management, etc.     

Review on“Sports Double xposure”

The human-robot love pictures painted in the film provide vivid carrier for robot emotion realization,and also provide possible paths for drawing the map of human-robot interaction.The rise of the machine empire-leader of technology production line,becomes an integral part of the future achievement of mankind,with endless imagination.     

In vitro studies on the influence of dexamethasone and meloxicam on bovine WC1+ γδ T cells

In view of the lack of data on the effect of meloxicam (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) on bovine γδ T cells (WC1⁺ cells) and very poorly recognized effects of dexamethasone (steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) on these cells, the purpose of the present study has been to determine the in vitro influence of these drugs on CD25^highWC1⁺, CD25^lowWC1⁺ and CD25^?WC1⁺ lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of cattle. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with the drugs in concentrations reflecting their plasma levels achieved in vivo at therapeutic doses (dexamethasone 10^?7 M; meloxicam 5 × 10^?6 M) and at ten-fold lower concentrations. It was found out that percentages and absolute counts of CD25^highWC1⁺ and CD25^lowWC1⁺ cells increased in the presence of dexamethasone, and this effect was at least partly attributable to lower mortality of these cells, whose apoptosis was depressed by exposure to dexamethasone. It seems certain that this effect was not a result of increased multiplication of CD25^highWC1⁺ and CD25^lowWC1⁺ cells because their proliferation was reduced in the presence of dexamethasone. Exposure to this drug caused a rapidly occurring and lasting depletion of CD25^?WC1⁺, which was at least partly due to their higher apoptosis. The results seem to suggest that impaired proliferation of these cells was responsible for a more profound expression of this disorder. Paradoxically, the percentage of cells producing IFN-γ, a proinflammatory cytokine, increased in the presence of dexamethasone, whereas the count of cells secreting the key anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine, i.e. IL-10, declined. This effect was observed in all analyzed subpopulations of cells. Meloxicam did not interfere so drastically as dexamethasone with the functioning of WC1⁺ lymphocytes because it did not affect their apoptosis, proliferation, percentage or absolute count. With respect to the effect of meloxicam on counts of particular WC1⁺ lymphocyte subpopulations, it was only demonstrated that exposure to the drug was correlated with a transient and very weakly expressed decrease in the relative and absolute counts of CD25^highWC1⁺ and CD25^lowWC1⁺ cells, which was most probably a result of a temporary down-regulation of the expression of the CD25 molecule. In the presence of meloxicam, percentages of IFN-γ⁺CD25^?WC1⁺ cells as well as cells producing IL-10 declined, an effect observed in all analyzed cell populations. These results suggest that care should be taken when administering this medication to animals with bacterial or viral infections, and we should avoid giving it to patients suffering from allergic or autoimmune disorders.     

Studies on Composition and Diversity of Species Based on Different Habitats along the Delingha-Hala Lake北大核心CSCD

To explore the diversity and spatial distribution pattern of community species in the Qaidam Basin, we calculated the species composition and diversity index of plant communities in five different habitats, and analyzed the relationship between species diversity and altitude in different habitats. The results showed that 79 species of plants were recorded in the area along Delingha-Hala Lake, and the main dominant families included Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, and Cruciferae. The species diversity of different habitat types had similarities, but also differences. According to the results of the community similarity in species composition, the species composition similarity between the alpine cushion vegetation and the alpine Potentilla fruticosa shrub meadow was the highest, while that of the alpine Kobresia myosuroides and the weedy meadow was the lowest. The species richness and diversity of the community showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the altitude increasing, but the uniformity remained stable. In addition, the community species diversity in the middle-altitude area was the highest, and the community species diversity in the low-altitude area was slightly higher than that in the high-altitude area. The main reasons for the difference in species composition and diversity in different habitats were the hydrothermal conditions and species competitiveness. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effect of beta‐aminoproprionitrile on eggshell formation

1. Eggshells are bioceramic‐biopolymer composites made by a cell‐mediated deposition of an extracellular matrix which drives the organisation of the inorganic phase. Ultrastructurally, eggshells are composed of shell membranes, mammillary knobs, palisade, and cuticle. Shell membranes are two nets of type X collagen‐containing fibrils. On to these membranes, the mammillary knobs, that is, the crystal nucleation sites, are deposited. Type X collagen is highly cross‐linked and insoluble.

2. In order to evaluate the role of type X collagen cross‐linking on eggshell formation, hens were injected with different doses of β‐aminoproprionitrile, which specifically interferes with cross‐link formation.

3. Changes in egg size and shape were observed. Scanning electron micrographs analysis of these eggs demonstrated marked changes in crystal growth and shell membrane structure and arrangement. A dot‐blot analysis, using a monoclonal antibody against chicken type X collagen, shows a dose‐dependent increase in shell membrane collagen extractability.

4. It is concluded that the formation of β‐aminoproprionitrile‐sensitive cross‐links among the type X collagen molecules of the shell membranes play an essential role in normal eggshell formation.