大熊猫白内障的手术治疗

通过对陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心饲养的大熊猫"小明"进行白内障手术治疗,探索了大熊猫白内障手术及人工晶体植入的可行性,并对大熊猫眼科的多种数据进行了测定,总结了术前、术后护理及临床麻醉等方面的经验。经过手术治疗,大熊猫"小明"的白内障成功摘除,视力得到了一定程度的恢复,但人工晶体植入未取得成功,主要是缺乏大熊猫眼球的基础数据和适于大熊猫的人工晶体。     

截肢拯救大熊猫

大熊猫的截肢手术未见报道.笔者在四川农业大学兽医院为一只被野兽咬伤后发生左后肢伤口严重化脓感染、胫骨远端脱位、腓骨全骨折的大熊猫;用眠乃宁麻醉后施行了截肢手术.经过37d的精心治疗和日夜监护,手术创口及全身其他所有化脓伤口全部愈合.     

手术治疗大熊猫肠梗阻病例

大熊猫肠梗阻是大熊猫非传染性内科急腹症中的一种多发病,无论在野外或圈养条件下均可发生[1]。特点为发病急、进展快、病情严重,发病率较高,如不及时抢救,容易导致大熊猫死亡。近年来中国大熊猫保护研究中心多次遇到大熊猫患肠梗阻,通过经验积累和临床实践,探索出手术治疗大熊猫肠梗阻的方法,并成功治愈1例,报告如下。     

大熊猫白内障手术临床研究

目的探讨大熊猫白内障摘除合并人工晶体植入手术技术。结果发现大熊猫白内障的晶体核硬度大,超声乳化吸除有困难;由于人与大熊猫眼球解剖结构有差异,人用人工晶体不适合大熊猫。结论需要对较大量的大熊猫进行无创性眼球检测,了解其眼睛的屈光状态和晶状体的屈光度,才能为研制大熊猫专用的人工晶体提供科学的依据。     

老年大熊猫的饲养管理与医疗保健要点

老年大熊猫的数量随着圈养时间的推移在逐年增加,由此带来的老年大熊猫饲养管理问题也越发凸显出来;因此,研究老年大熊猫的饲养管理以及探寻老年大熊猫医疗保健方法,对于提高老年大熊猫的福利具有现实意义。本文对中国大熊猫保护研究中心圈养老年大熊猫的饲养管理和保健措施进行总结,阐述老年大熊猫的日常管理、医疗保健等饲养管理要点,通过个性化的饲料与饲喂方法,定期体检、早发现早诊断,定期修剪趾甲,防暑防寒,适当活动,避免应激等措施,提高了老年大熊猫的生活质量和体质,对保持大熊猫种群整体的健康水平极其重要,为逐步开展大熊猫养老研究提供了科学依据。     

大熊猫的行为发育及饲养管理中的影响因素

大熊猫是濒危的孑遗物种,多数时间独居在深山密林里。由于研究野生大熊猫个体行为极为不易,同时饲养管理实践中发现存在行为多样性降低、行为异常导致繁殖障碍等问题,因此,研究大熊猫个体的行为发育特点对了解和保护这一珍稀物种具有重要意义。本文介绍了圈养大熊猫个体在幼仔、亚成体、成体和老年4个阶段的行为发育,涉及的行为类型有取食、声音、刻板行为、运动、玩耍、标记等:总结了饲养管理中影响大熊猫行为发育的因素,主要有来源、断奶方式、圈舍条件、社群交流、营养、管理方式等。采取延长哺乳时间、增加圈舍面积、模拟自然环境等措施有利于大熊猫行为的正常发育;为大熊猫的行为学研究、圈养大熊猫的饲养管理、圈养大熊猫野化培训和放归研究提供参考资料。     

大熊猫内科疾病研究进展

随着大熊猫数量的日益减少,保护大熊猫的工作也日趋重要,国家投入的大量财力、人力用以保护和拯救大熊猫,使得大熊猫研究成为必要,在大熊猫的饲养、配种、繁育、育幼和疾病防治等方面取得了很大的进展。一些严重影响大熊猫健康的疾病被攻克。从目前发表的论文、专著来看,严重影响大熊猫健康的主要是内科疾病,约占80％以上,其中又以消化系统和呼吸系统疾病最为多见。     

大熊猫医疗管理培训

大熊猫的医疗管理培训是培训大熊猫完成一些配合医疗行为的动作,以减少大熊猫的紧张感、降低大熊猫的麻醉风险、增加人员与动物的安全以及增进饲养员与大熊猫之间的感情,并依照大熊猫的特殊习性和能力设计的课程。大熊猫医疗管理培训是以大熊猫医学检查为目的,选择响板作为确认信号,以正面奖赏的方式进行确认训练,抓住培训时机,培训大熊猫在非麻醉状态下进行采血、徒手肌肉注射、腹部超声波等医学检查,做到及时性和累积性奖赏,确保人和大熊猫的安全,该培训在中国保护大熊猫研究中心取得了良好的效果。     

大熊猫的运输及福利

大熊猫是中国特有的濒危珍稀野生动物,随着大熊猫的深入研究的需要,部分大熊猫会运输到其他大熊猫饲养单位开展科学研究,大熊猫的运输显得特别的重要,在运输大熊猫前应做好周密的计划,包括:运输大熊猫的文件准备,运输笼箱形状、大小及设计,大熊猫的生理和心理需求,运输路线、方式和时间的选择,人员配置、协调及通讯,运输途中保护应急措施的制定等,分别对亚成体大熊猫、成年大熊猫、刚出生幼仔、老年大熊猫及发情期和妊娠期大熊猫的运输进行讨论,从而保障大熊猫的福利.     

大熊猫小肠扭转死亡的病例分析

北京动物园一只健康亚成体大熊猫突发急腹症,临床出现典型的疼痛症状。经过抢救无效,12 h后死亡。剖检发现小肠扭转360度,肠腔内大量出血。病理诊断为肠道凝固性坏死。肾脏、胰腺、脾脏、心脏和肺脏等器官出现相应的病变。与其他大熊猫嬉戏打闹可能是该大熊猫小肠扭转发生的诱因,继发肠道坏死和肠道出血致使其在短时间内死亡。大熊猫小肠扭转的诊断需要根据临床资料和临床症状并结合病史进行分析和诊断,可借助超声波和X线进行诊断。确诊后不宜采取保守疗法,应该立即进行手术治疗。     

鸡贫血病毒感染新城疫免疫雏鸡vNDV攻击后免疫病理学变化

本文对鸡贫血病毒感染新城疫免疫雏鸡新城疫强毒攻击后,其血清,泪液,气管液,肠液,胆汁的ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ,ＩｇＡ含量和ＨＩ抗本滴度;胸腺,法氏囊,脾脏,哈德尔腺,盲肠扁桃体的Ｔ细胞,ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ,ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞数量以及免疫保护情况进行了检测。     

Techniques for objective outcome assessment

Companion animal rehabilitation, a collaborative practice of physical therapy and veterinary medicine, can only demonstrate the effectiveness of its theories, techniques, interventions, and modalities through evidence-based practice, utilizing standardized, reliable, and valid outcome measures, correlated with objective diagnostic data. This essay examines existing and potential objective outcome measures utilized in companion animal rehabilitation and physical therapy regarding pain, vital signs, body condition and composition, range of motion, muscle strength, inflammation, functional mobility, and gait. Discussion is included of the traditional disablement model and the evolution of the physical therapy diagnosis, prognosis, and plan of care.     

Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma

Abstract This paper is a review of commonly used topical antibacterial medications: benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, ethyl lactate, triclosan, mupirocin, neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin and fusidic acid. Included is a review of the pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary dermatology. General recommendations for topical antibacterial therapy are presented. Résumé— Cet article est une revue des topiques antibactériens les plus couramment utilisés: peroxyde de benzoyle, chlorhexidine, povidone iodée, lactate d'éthyle, triclosan, mupirocine, néomycine, polymyxine B, bacitracine et acide fucidique. Il inclut notamment une revue des pharmacocinétiques, des modes d'action, des effets secondaires et des indications thérapeutiques de ces produits en dermatologie vétérinaire. Les indications générales du traitement topique antibactérien sont présentées. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Traitement topique des pyodermites canines et félines). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Resumen Este articulo es una revisión de los productos tópicos antibacterianos más frecuentemente utilizados: peróxido de benzoilo, clorhexidina, povidona yodada, etillactato, triclosan, mupirocina, neomicina, polimixina B, bacitracina y ácido fusidico. Se incluye una revisión de la farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, efectos colaterales y sus usos clínicos en dermatologia veterinaria. Se presentan recomendaciones generales para la terapia antibacteriana tópica. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Tratamiento topico de la pioderma canina y felina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Zusammenfassung— Diese Veröffentlichung besteht in einer Übersicht von häufig verwendeten topischen antibakteriellen Arzneimitteln: Benzoylperoxid, Chlorhexidin, Povidon-Jod, Ethyllaktat, Triklosan, Mupirocin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin und Fusidinsäure. Mit eingeschlossen ist eine Übersicht über Pharmakokinetik, Wirkungsweise, Nebenwirkungen und klinische Anwendung in der Veterinärdermatologie. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die lokale antibakterielle Therapie werden dargestellt. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma (Lokale Behandlung von kaninen und felinen Pyodermien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.]     

Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.     

Concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk of pasture-fed thoroughbred mares

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations of milk during the lactation in pasture-fed Thoroughbred mares and then calculate the dietary mineral requirements of the sucking foal and the lactating mare. PROCEDURE: Milk was sampled on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and at various times between 55 to 65, 85 to 95 and 135 to 150 days after parturition from 21 pasture-fed mares. The concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Concentrations (mg/L) of these elements were highest in colostrum (Mg 302, Na 561, K 955, S 1035, Cu 0.76, Fe 0.79 and Zn 5.5) except for Ca (1245) and P (895), which where highest on day 7. The mean milk mineral element concentrations (mg/L) over days 55 to 150 were Ca 843, P 543, Mg 47, Na 120, K 590, S 219, Cu 0.19, Fe 0.34 and Zn 2.1. The mean plasma element concentrations (mg/L) over the same period were Ca 120, P 77.1, Mg 17.0, Na 3110, K 168, S 983, Cu 1.1, Fe 1.5 and Zn 0.49. Concentration gradients between plasma and milk were observed and, in the case of Ca, P, Mg, K and Zn, their concentrations in milk were greater than those in plasma, while a reverse situation was observed for Na, S, Cu and Fe. CONCLUSION: With the exception of Ca and P, the highest concentrations of mineral elements were observed in the colostrum. The nursing foal should have access to good pasture or creep feed, because the intakes of Ca, P and Cu from milk may be less than optimum to meet the daily mineral element requirements.     

Studies on the Haematology and Trace Element Status of Adult Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China

Reference values were established for some haematological and serum biochemical constituents in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China. The contents of seven trace elements in the blood, hair, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, cerebrum, cerebellum, rib, ovary, pancreas and gluteal muscle of Bactrian camels were also measured. Some of these values are reported for the first time for Bactrian camels in China. Most haematological and serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, yaks, sheep and dromedary camels, but the mean serum albumin concentration and the albumim/globulin ratio were significantly higher than those in other ruminants and the mean thyroxine concentration was half that in dromedary camels. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and iron, and the renal cortex contained the highest concentration of selenium. The concentrations of selenium, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum in the tissues were within the reference ranges for other ruminants, but the mean iron and copper concentrations in the liver were significantly higher than those in other ruminants.     

牦牛瘤胃内饲料蛋白质降解率的研究

用瘤胃尼龙袋技术测定了１１种常见饲料在牦牛瘤胃内的降解率。根据饲养水平,瘤胃食糜的外流速度估计为０．０６７／ｈ。测定结果表明,玉米、豌豆秸粉、菜籽饼、豌豆、鱼粉、曲拉、肉骨粉、青稞、甲醛鱼粉、甲醛菜籽饼和麸皮的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）降解率分别为０．６８、０．５６、０．４４、０．８５、０．４９、０．５５、０．８１、０,８３、０．３８、０,４８和０．７９,干物质（ＤＭ）降解率依次为０．６８、０．３０、０．４９、０．７３、０．５０、０,５４、０,５９、０．８２、０．３２、０．４９和０．７４。     

中国桑树害虫名录(Ⅺ)

记述了昆虫纲(Insecta)双翅目(Diptera)、缨翅目(Thysanoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、革翅目(Dermaptera)、蜚蠊目(Blattaria)的26种桑树害虫,以及蛛形纲(Arachnida)真螨目(Acariformes)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)等足目(Isopoda)、软体动物门(Mollusca)腹足纲(Gastropoda)柄眼目(Stylommatophora)共28种桑树害虫与危害物种,分别介绍了这些害虫及危害物种的中文名称、学名、寄主种类与主要分布区域,为控制桑树各类有害生物的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

MENISCAL OSSICLES IN LARGE NON-DOMESTIC CATS

Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. Fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. Ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus in most of the lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. These ossicles were found in half of the cougars but in none of the bobcats. Among the large, non-domestic cats, meniscal ossicles had been reported previously only in Bengal tigers. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats.     

肉仔鸡可消化色氨酸需求参数研究

通过研究日粮中色氨酸水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、氮平衡及血清尿素氮含量的影响，探讨不同生长阶段不同性别肉仔鸡色氨酸的需求参数。试验期８周。结果表明：日粮中色氨酸达到适宜水平时，肉鸡的平均日增重增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）、料肉比降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）、血清尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）含量下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；色氨酸水平过高则不能继续改善其生产性能，甚至造成负效应。在３～６周龄及６～８周龄阶段，公鸡色氨酸需求参数高于母鸡。日粮色氨酸水平对肉鸡的氮沉积率无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），不同性别肉鸡的氮沉积率无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。根据各项指标的测定结果，建议在０～３周龄，肉鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．２１％；在３～６周龄，公鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．２０％，母鸡为０．１８％；在６～８周龄阶段，公鸡色氨酸需求参数为０．１８％，母鸡为０．１６％。采用去盲肠成年种公鸡测定基础日粮（玉米—玉米蛋白粉）中色氨酸的消化率，并计算出不同性别肉鸡可消化色氨酸需求参数。