饲料配方对鹌鹑产蛋的影响

在产蛋鹌鹑日粮中,不同营养水平对产蛋率有不同的效果。为了探索这一规律,提高产蛋率和饲料报酬,并为制定产蛋鹌鹑的饲养标准提供依据,我院在卢龙县科委的支持下,于1986年5月至6月,在相公庄养鹌鹑示范乡,会同畜牧局用不同营养水平的饲料配方对产蛋母鹑进行了试验。现将试验结果叙述如下: 一、试验方法卢龙县相公庄乡养鹌鹑12万多只,分布     

饲料营养水平对鹌鹑产蛋性能的影响

美国NRC和国内饲养标准中 ,蛋用鹌鹑饲料的营养指标均较高 ,在当前蛋白质饲料和氨基酸价格较高的情况下 ,采用这些标准配制日粮饲喂蛋鹌鹑利润极微。为此 ,我们采用低营养水平日粮饲喂蛋鹌鹑 ,研究对其生产性能的影响 ,为指导生产提供试验依据。1　材料与方法1 1　试验动物及分组　选择 1 0 0日龄黄羽蛋用鹌鹑 40 0 0只 ,随机均分为 4组 ,每组 1 0 0 0只 ,其中1组为对照组 ,另 3组为试验组 ,每组设 4个重复。试验时间为 2 0 0 3年 3月 1日～ 4月 5日 ,其中 3月 1～ 7日为预试期 ,在此期间 ,逐渐给各试验组增加试验日粮 ,至预试期结束时全…     

产蛋鹌鹑全价配合饲料试验

近些年来,鹌鹑养殖业在我国得到迅猛发展,但有关鹌鹑饲料的研制,国内文献报道不多。到目前为止,还不见一个鹌鹑饲料国家或企业标准,因而也就没有一个规范的鹌鹑饲料,多数鹌鹑养殖户使用的是凭经验生产的混合料,还有少数使用的是市场销售的小鸡全价配合饲料,这两种料饲养鹌鹑针对性都不强,不能完全满足鹌鹑的营养需要,一定程度地影响着鹌鹑养殖业的效益。为此,南昌饲料厂集     

蛋鹌鹑的营养需求与饲料配制

本文通过客户调研,资料查询确定了蛋鹌鹑饲料的营养需求,并设计和生产了蛋鹌鹑饲料,现场使用证明效果良好。     

喂料绞龙对饲料食盐添加量的影响

文章阐述了动物食盐中毒的后果,分析了导致食盐超标的原因,提出了解决在饲料生产中食盐超标添加的操作方案。     

喂料绞龙对饲料食盐添加量的影响

由内蒙古自治区赤峰市农牧科学研究院建成并投产的年产20万t预混料生产线,主要供应赤峰地区蛋鸡、种猪和蛋种鸡饲料。近期通过客户反映和实地调查,发现大批蛋种鸡和商品蛋鸡出现腹泻、排水样稀便、精神委顿、食欲减退乃至废绝、饮水量剧增、肌肉震颤、行走困难或瘫痪等症状。经实验室对预混料分析检测发现,是由于饲料中食盐超出配方标准量5～8倍导致的急性食盐中毒。     

鹌鹑食盐中毒的诊治

1997年本人诊治一起因日粮搭配不当,引起产蛋鹌鹑食盐中毒病例,全群472羽鹌鹑产蛋下降,死亡94羽,经及时诊治,逐渐恢复正常,现报道如下。1　发病情况　1997年7月间,龙文区鹌鹑饲养大户张某,产蛋鹌鹑472羽正处于产蛋高峰,日产蛋量达370多枚。自配日粮,其中鱼粉占15%。由于进口鱼粉一时短缺,改用本地产鱼粉配料饲喂,2d后大批产蛋鹌鹑精神萎顿,食欲废绝,产蛋停止,第3d发现死亡94羽。　　　2　临床症状及诊断　病鹌鹑精神沉郁,食欲废绝,强烈口渴,频频饮水,呼吸困难,口和鼻流粘液性分泌物,部分病鹌鹑运动失调,两脚麻痹无力、下痢,出现抽搐性痉挛。…     

发酵饲料对饲料及鹌鹑血液和蛋中胆固醇含量的影响

鹌鹑蛋营养丰富,但其可食部分每百克含有胆固醇515 mg,食用过多会损害人体健康。试验旨在研究发酵饲料对鹌鹑蛋中胆固醇含量的影响。试验选用250只8周龄鹌鹑,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鹌鹑。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、试验Ⅱ、试验Ⅲ、试验Ⅳ,分别饲喂自然法全发酵饲料、添加乳酸菌全发酵饲料、自然法谷物发酵饲料和添加乳酸菌谷物发酵饲料。进行为期40 d的饲养试验。在试验的最后3 d收集鹌鹑蛋,每个重复随机挑选6个,用直接皂化比色法测量蛋黄中的胆固醇含量。试验结果表明,试验Ⅰ、试验Ⅱ组比对照组的胆固醇分别降低2.57%、5.82%,差异不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅲ组的胆固醇降低7.86%,差异显著(P<0.05),试验Ⅳ组的胆固醇比对照组降低了12.75%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。因此,试验组的胆固醇比对照组的胆固醇均有降低,其中试验Ⅳ组降低程度最明显。     

鹌鹑多产蛋的办法

鹌鹑产蛋多少与词养管理好坏有密切的关系,它对饲料、温度、湿度和光照等环境条件都有一定的要求,品种好坏也是产蛋多少的一个因素。饲养肉鹌鹑或蛋鹌鹑的产量不一样,肉、蛋鹌鹑杂交育成的鹌鹑就比纯肉鹌鹑的产蛋量多,一般可提高产蛋率15％～20％,所以鹌鹑多产蛋,要饲养杂交鹌鹑或蛋鹌鹑。 鹌鹑是由野生变家养的,虽经过人工     

蛋用鹌鹑的育雏

鹌鹑一生可分为三个阶段:0～28日龄称为雏鹑,28～40日龄称中鹑,40日龄以后称成鹑。雏鹑体小、质弱,在20日龄内死亡率较高,特别是出壳后的第1周。所以育雏技术是养鹑的关键,育雏成绩的好坏,将直接影响成鹑的产蛋率,     

鹌鹑的养殖技术

鹌鹑是一种最经济家禽,食用性很强,具有生长快、成熟早、繁殖力强、容易饲养等特点。鹌鹑蛋营养丰富、蛋白质含量高、胆固醇含量低,鹌鹑肉细嫩、氨基酸丰富,并且具有很多的药用价值,是国内一致公认的珍贵食品和滋补品,具有“动物人参”之称。近几年来,鹌鹑养殖在我国发展迅速,饲养量逐年上升,但各地饲养水平参差不齐,尤其是养殖技术与疫病防治技术有待进一步提高。笔者根据多年养殖经验并参考大量文献资料,将鹌鹑的养殖与疫病防治技术加以总结。     

Energy requirement of laying japanese quail

1. Two feeding experiments were conducted to determine the meta‐bolisable energy (ME) requirement of laying Japanese quail. Birds were fed to provide 5.5 g protein and 167, 209, 251 or 293 kJ ME/d.

2. As ME intake increased from 167 to 293 kJ egg production increased.

3. Quadratic relationships between ME intake and egg production, ME intake and egg weight, and ME intake and egg mass (g egg/ bird d) were derived and used to determine the energy required for an acceptable production rate.

4. To maintain a production of 8.3 g egg/bird d (90 eggs/100 bird d with a mean weight of 9.3 g) required 260 kJ ME/bird d.     

Influence of laying on iron metabolism in quail

Haematological and iron content values for liver, spleen, intestines, blood, ovary and eggs were determined in female quails, from the prelaying state to full laying. A drop in hematocrit, haemoglobin and in the liver stores occurred at the onset of laying (48 to 51 d of age), but these values recovered after 5 to 10 d. The iron lost in eggs (0.3 mg Fe/egg) was responsible for this. An active homeostatic control must be necessary to supply adequate iron for both eggs and blood formation. Quails fed on an iron-deficient diet distributed iron preferentially to the haematopoietic processes, at the expense of the iron content of the eggs and a subsequent reduction of viability.     

Effects of corticosterone treatment in laying Japanese quail

1. The effects of exogenous corticosterone on plasma corticosterone concentrations, body weight, food intake, the percentage of birds that laid an egg each day and egg weight were measured in laying Japanese quail. Data were collected from birds in the week before corticosterone treatment began, during a 21-d treatment period, and in the 22 d after treatment ended.

2. Groups of quail were treated with corticosterone at three different concentrations in their drinking water. Corticosterone intakes were calculated for each bird and birds were then assigned to 4 intake groups. The groups were 0 (control group), 0·31–0·60, 0·61–0·90, 0·91–1·50 or >1·51 mg corticosterone/bird/d.

3. Plasma corticosterone concentrations in the 4 intake groups increased from around 1 ng/ml on the day before corticosterone treatment began to maximum mean concentrations of 13–18 ng/ml on day 14 of treatment. Mean corticosterone concentrations did not change between day 14 of treatment and the day after treatment ended, and had decreased in only one of 4 intake groups one week later.

4. Mean body weight in the highest intake group remained significantly lower than in controls 22 d after corticosterone treatment ended. Whilst there was no clear effect of corticosterone on food intake during treatment, mean food intake in the three highest corticosterone intake groups was significantly lower than in controls in the week after treatment ended. The percentage of birds that laid an egg each day and egg weight were both decreased by corticosterone, and the percentage of birds that laid an egg each day remained significantly lower in the highest corticosterone intake group compared with controls in the third week after treatment ended.

5. It is suggested that elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations in quail after treatment ended were maintained by a hyperactive hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis for at least one week. Although none of the negative effects of corticosterone were evident in the group of quail with the lowest corticosterone intakes, the findings of the present study show that corticosterone treatment can affect birds for up to several weeks after corticosterone intake ends.     

桑树耐盐性研究进展

从盐胁迫对桑树叶片光合特性、膜透性、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质、养分吸收及种子萌发和幼苗生长等几个方面的影响进行分析总结,并阐述了缓解桑树盐害的途径,为全面研究桑树的抗盐机理及进一步的抗盐育种奠定基础。     

Protein requirement of laying Japanese quail.

1. Two feeding experiments were conducted to determine the crude protein requirement of laying Japanese quail. Birds were fed to provide 293 kJ ME and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 g protein/d. 2. As protein intake increased from 2 to 5 g egg production increased. 3. Quadratic relationships between protein intake and egg production and protein intake and egg weight were derived. 4. To maintain a production of 90 eggs/100 bird d and an egg weight of 9.3 g required 4.9 g protein and approximately 264 kJ ME/d.     

Use of L-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of using L-carnitine and humate alone or in combination in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. A total of 280 Japanese quails aged 10 weeks, divided into one control group and three treatment groups, were used. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 100 mg L-carnitine/kg, 1.5 g humate (Farmagülat?r Dry Plus)/kg and 100 mg L-camitine + 1.5 g humate/kg, respectively. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks. The addition of L-carnitine and sodium humate alone or in combination did not significantly affect body weight, feed consumption, egg production, feed conversion ratio, mortality, egg-shell thickness, egg yolk index and the percentages of egg-shell, albumen and yolk. Egg weight increased (P < 0.001) with L-carnitine supplementation. The values of egg albumen height (P < 0.05), egg albumen index (P < 0.01) and egg Haugh unit (P < 0.05) were increased with humate supplementation. Egg cholesterol content and blood serum parameters were not affected by the supplementation of L-carnitine with or without humate. The results in this study demonstrated that L-carnitine supplementation increased egg weight while humate addition increased egg albumen index and egg Haugh unit of laying quails. However, the combined administration of L-carnitine and humate did not have any significant effects on the parameters measured.     

紫花苜蓿耐盐性研究进展

紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是世界上最重要的豆科牧草之一,但盐渍化土地严重制约着其种植范围。培育耐盐新品种是降低盐渍化土地对紫花苜蓿生长和产量影响的有效途径。笔者综述了紫花苜蓿耐盐生理、盐诱导相关基因以及耐盐性育种方面的主要进展,并对紫花苜蓿耐盐性研究的前景进行了讨论。     

复合蛋白饲料替代豆粕饲喂蛋鸡作用效果

豆粕以其良好的营养特性．被誉为“植物性蛋白质饲料之王”．它与“动物性蛋白质饲料之王”鱼粉和“能量饲料之王”玉米组合的日粮是最佳配方,因为,三者可以相互取长补短．使日粮中各种氨基酸基本达到平衡,因此．豆粕在蛋白质饲料中的应用占有较大的比例,在很大程度上影响着畜禽饲料的成本。