New food safety initiatives in the Food and Drug Administration

Concern over the presence of veterinary drug residues in food has been increasing world wide. Because of this concern the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) has been involved on an international basis in efforts to develop food safety standards for veterinary drugs. The major thrust of the Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (CC/RVDF) has been to achieve international agreement on veterinary drugs issues. CVM is an active participant on this committee. The CC/RVDF has established a list of priority veterinary drugs that are, or that have the potential to cause trade problems as the result of public health concerns. Included in this list are anabolic hormones, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, somatotropins, benzimidazoles and trypanocides. In the upcoming years, the CC/RVDF will work toward developing international maximum residue levels for these compounds. The evaluation of the toxicity of veterinary drug-bound residues is another area of international concern. In conjunction with the Bureau of Veterinary Medicine, Health and Welfare Canada, CVM is developing guidelines on biological models to demonstrate the safety of veterinary drug-bound residues. In working with veterinary drug regulators from other countries, CVM has new solutions to human food safety problems.     

Emerging challenges in public health protection, food safety and security: veterinary needs in the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service

Meeting the needs of public service practice is a responsibility of the veterinary profession. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has undergone significant change since 1996, when the final rule on Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems and its regulations were published in response to food-borne illnesses and deaths due to E. coli 0157:H7 in undercooked hamburgers. As a result, the role of the veterinarian is changing from a focus on carcass inspection (reactive) to scientific-based systems analysis and enforcement (preventive). With a large pool of veterinarians eligible to retire, a critical shortage of field veterinarians is predicted. The purpose of this article is to raise educators' awareness of this need, of the competencies required, and of the challenges and opportunities for veterinarians in the new public health-focused FSIS. An invitation to collaborate with the agency is offered to help meet emerging workforce requirements in public health practice.     

美国饲料安全管理的做法及启示

安全管理的做法及美国政府历来十分重视饲料的安全管理工作,他们树立的是大食品安全观。在美国,“安全的饲料=安全的食品”的理念早已深人人心。美国作为畜产品生产、消费和贸易大国,几十年来尚未发生由饲料安全引发的重大食品污染及人畜伤害事件。综观其饲料安全管理工作,重点     

Antibiotic and sulfonamide residues from Food Safety Inspection Service bob veal calf tissues by region, from October 1987 to September 1988

Of 3,095 bob veal carcasses declared positive to the calf antibiotic and sulfonamide test (CAST) performed by USDA-FSIS personnel during the fiscal year 1988, 967 were submitted to USDA-FSIS laboratories for intensified antimicrobial evaluation of kidney, liver, and muscle specimens. In the western region, CAST-positive specimens were analyzed from certified calves, that is, calves declared free of antimicrobials by their producers. In the midwestern and eastern regions, 20% of the CAST-positive carcass submissions were certified and 20% had not been certified. Among the regions, neomycin was the most commonly reported agent from kidney specimens; however, there were some distinct differences among regions (24.6% of the specimens in the Midwest, 37.4% in the East, and 46.8% in the West). Reports of gentamicin in specimens also were different among regional laboratories (9.0% in the Midwest, 12.1% in the East, 3.1% in the West). Sulfamethazine was less frequently reported by the western laboratory, never exceeding 2% among the 3 tissues tested, whereas the eastern and midwestern laboratories had at least 1 tissue type that was greater than or equal to 9%. Not all specimens were subjected to sulfonamide evaluation. Regional patterns were noticed for unidentified microbial inhibitors, which were most evident for liver in which 24.6% of the specimens at the western laboratory were classified as having unidentified microbial inhibitors, and only 6.3% of specimens at the eastern laboratory were classified as having unidentified microbial inhibitors.     

Food safety implications of ochratoxin A in animal-derived food products

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is an important mycotoxin with potential to reach the human food chain through carry-over of contaminated, mostly cereal-based, feed into animal-derived products. Certain population groups, such as infants and children, are intensive and relatively restricted consumers of some animal-derived products, particularly milk and other dairy products, which may become contaminated with OTA. This review examines the literature on the occurrence of OTA in animal-derived products and discusses the public health and food safety implications of consumption of these products. The risk of OTA contamination of meat, milk, blood and derived products is discussed.     

美国进出口动物的检验检疫管理和口岸工作程序

美国进出口动物和动物产品检疫工作的主管部门是美国农业部动植物卫生检验局 (APHIS) ,具体由其下属兽医处 (VS)的动物进出口中心 (NCIE)负责全国范围的管理工作。在进出口肉类、水产品等方面 ,美国农业部下属的食品安全检验局 (FSIS)和美国卫生部下属的食品与药物管理局 (FDA)与APHIS有明确的分工 ,但合作密切。1进出口动物的检疫管理1.1动物出口检疫管理美国对出口动物的检疫管理 ,以进口国的检疫要求和美国有关法规为依据。根据美国与进口国签署的双边检疫议定书完成常规检疫程序。此外 ,联邦法规对活动物出口的运输、动物福利…     

农业部畜禽养殖标准化示范创建活动解读——专访农业部畜牧业司陈伟生巡视员

为贯彻落实2010年中央一号文件关于推进菜篮子产品标准化生产的精神,促进畜牧业生产方式转变,深入推进畜禽标准化规模养殖,农业部启动了畜禽养殖标准化示范创建活动.日前,本刊记者就畜禽养殖标准化示范创建的具体事宜,采访了农业部畜牧业司陈伟生巡视员.