饲料大麦新品种连饲麦1号的选育及栽培技术

为满足饲料大麦生产和市场需求,连云港市农业科学院育成的高产、优质、多抗于一体的饲料大麦品种连饲麦1号于2012—2014年推荐参加江苏省大麦区域试验,2年区域试验平均产量为497.56 kg/667 m~2,比对照扬农啤5号增产6.17%。生产试验平均产量为459.6 kg/667 m~2,比对照扬农啤5号增产13.15%,2年品比试验连饲麦1号鲜质量及干质量均好于对照,鲜、干质量2年平均分别较对照扬饲麦3号增产7.26%、7.92%。接种鉴定结果显示,连饲麦1号具有高抗黄花叶病的特征。该品种于2015年通过了江苏省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定,其品质好、产量高、抗黄花叶病,适宜在江苏省推广种植,种植时应结合配套栽培技术,确保实现高产稳产。     

新疆大麦品种（系）不同生态区适应性鉴定试验

本研究以10个大麦品种(系)为试验材料,在新疆不同生态区进行适应性鉴定试验,对各品种(系)在农艺性状、抗逆性、产量构成及产量等方面进行比较。结果表明,奇引6号的产量最高,达413.71 kg/667 m²;奇引2号、奇引9号、奇引5号和奇引3号的产量分别为393.21、390.64、387.26、377.83 kg/667 m²,分别比对照甘啤4号增产14.76%、14.01%、13.02%、10.27%,增产达到极显著水平;奇引7号、奇引4号的产量分别为359.94、349.00 kg/667 m²,分别比对照甘啤4号增产5.05%、1.86%,增产不显著。     

优良食味粳稻新品种徐稻9号的选育及高产栽培技术

徐稻9号是江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所采用有性杂交和系统选育技术培育的优质优良食味粳稻新品种,2015年通过国家品种审定。全生育期155.9 d,比对照徐稻3号早熟1 d,株高96.7 cm,每穗总粒数140.0粒,结实率87.7%,千粒重26 g。国家区试2 a加权平均产量667.9 kg/667 m~2,比对照徐稻3号增产5.75%;生产试验平均产量629.2 kg/667 m~2,比对照徐稻3号增产7.25%。     

粮粳10号选育及高产栽培技术

水稻新品种粮粳10号,生育期154 d,需≥10℃积温在3 000℃以上,在北方稻区属中早粳晚熟品种。2013~2014年2 a区域试验平均产量698.19 kg/667 m~2,较对照秋光增产3.16%;2015年生产试验平均产量700.45 kg/667 m~2,比对照秋光增产7.79%,增产点为100%。适合在新疆、宁夏、辽宁、吉林等稻区推广种植。     

青藏高原东部峡谷农林交错带秋播冬青稞品种区域试验

为选育适应藏东南三江峡谷农林交错带种植的冬青稞品种,2013—2015年在藏东南三江峡谷农林交错带实施了7个点、12个品种的秋播冬青稞品种区域试验。结果表明:在12个参试品种中,云裸1号产量最高,折合产量353.0 kg/667 m~2,较对照迪青3号增产20.8%,表现为增产优势突出,但对环境和肥水条件反应异常敏感;冬青8号、冬青17号、玖格和冬青11号4个品种均比对照增产;冬青16号、长芒裸大麦和冬青15号3个品种产量与对照迪青3号持平(±3%),但长芒裸大麦适宜种植范围较窄;勾芒米大麦、洋大麦和米大麦3个品种,平均产量均比对照迪青3号减产,尤以米大麦减幅最大。     

高产优质多抗松辽122品种育成技术创新与应用

水稻品种松辽122是公主岭市松辽农业科学研究所北方早粳晚熟品种选育技术课题组育成的产量高、品质佳兼具多抗、适广综合性状优异的品种。2 a区域试验平均产量622.7 kg/667 m~2,比对照(CK)品种吉玉粳增产2.0%,1 a生产试验平均产量603 kg/667 m~2,比对照(CK)品种吉玉粳增产12.6%。吉林省引种备案,在中熟稻区种植,2 a试验平均产量625.6 kg/667 m~2,比对照品种吉玉粳增产6.3%。品质达到国标优质米2级,适应性广,在北方稻区早粳晚熟生态区域,需≥10℃活动积温2 700℃左右均可种植。     

扎兰屯马铃薯品种比较试验

马铃薯是中国的主要粮食作物之一,优良的品种又是保证其高产稳产的先决条件,为筛选适合扎兰屯市种植的马铃薯品种,以当地选育品种‘蒙薯19号’作为对照,进行5个(包括对照)不同马铃薯品种的比较试验。结果表明,参试品种均可在扎兰屯市正常生长发育成熟,产量除‘中薯5号’外均显著高于对照,产量最高的品种为‘兴佳2号’,产量2 357 kg/667m~2,‘延薯4号’次之,产量2 155 kg/667m~2,再次是品种‘尤金’,产量2 069 kg/667m~2,均高于对照的1 654 kg/667m~2。这3个品种的商品薯率也都较高,在85.28%~93.28%,淀粉含量在13.54%~15.65%,块茎特性表现较好,可在扎兰屯市推广种植。     

新稻41号选育及高产栽培技术

水稻新品种新稻41号,生育期145 d,需≥10℃积温3 000℃,在新疆属中晚熟品种。2010~2011年2 a区试平均产量778.72 kg/667 m~2,较对照秋田小町增产9.7%;2011年生产试验平均产量818.2 kg/667 m~2,比对照秋田小町增产6.3%。该品种穗大粒多、产量高、米质优,适合在新疆乌鲁木齐、阿克苏、伊犁等中晚熟稻区推广种植。     

杂交大豆杂优豆1号选育

杂优豆1号(皖豆25号)是安徽省农科院作物所1997年以M型质核互作雄性不育系W931A与恢复系WR016组配的杂交大豆新组合,这是世界上第二个通过正式审定、可进行产业化开发的大豆杂交种.2002-2003年参加安徽省夏大豆品种区域试验,两年平均产量191.16 kg/667m2,比CK中豆20增产15.37%,均达极显著水平.2003年参加安徽省夏大豆品种生产试验,平均产量177.28 kg/667m2,比CK中豆20增产19.14%.在多年多点试验示范中表现抗病、高抗倒伏、高产稳产的优点,蛋白质含量43.56%,脂肪含量18.96%,生育期111 d,商品性好,适于安徽省淮北及江淮地区作中熟品种种植.     

高产抗病啤酒大麦新品种--垦啤麦12

垦啤麦12(红09-818)属春性二棱啤酒大麦品种,由黑龙江省红兴隆农科所用春系03017做母本,北育39号做父本,经有性杂交育成。2015年1月通过黑龙江省品种审定委员会审定。该品种经2012、2013年区域试验,平均产量为4 164.1 kg/hm~2,比垦啤麦7号增产8.4%。2014年进行黑龙江省生产试验,平均产量为3 668.0 kg/hm~2,平均增产11.3%。经中国食品发酵研究院2012—2013年化验,其籽粒和麦芽品质较优。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.