In vitro propagation of Symphytum species

Methods are described for the in vitro propagation of Symphytum × uplandicum Nyman from bud, root and stem explants. Highest shoot numbers were produced from root explants > 4 mm in diameter, cultured vertically with their distal cut surface on the medium. The most suitable medium for shoot production was Murashige and Skoog's (MS) with 0.3 mg l⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). These shoots developed roots on MS medium without hormones and were successfully transplanted into pots. Subculturing shoots onto MS medium containing BAP, kinetin (K), 6-λ,λ-(dimethylallylamino)-purine or gibberellic acid (GA₃) at 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 or 30.0 mg l⁻¹ failed to stimulate outgrowth of axillary buds in culture. In vitro propagation from root explants was also achieved with S. asperum Lepech., S. officinale L. and S. × uplandicum cultivars ‘Bocking 1’, ‘Bocking 2’, ‘Bocking 4’ and ‘Bocking 17’, but not with S. bohemicum, S. grandiflorum DC, S. tuberosum L. or S. × uplandicum ‘Bocking 7’ and ‘Variegatum’.     

超高淀粉马铃薯新品种陇薯8号的选育

陇薯8号以油炸加工型品种大西洋为母本,以甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所杂交创新材料L9705-9为父本配制杂交组合,从其杂交组合中经系统定向选育而成的马铃薯新品种。中晚熟,生育期116d(天)左右。薯块椭圆形,皮肉淡黄,薯皮粗糙,芽眼较浅,大中薯率一般80%以上。平均干物质含量31.59%,淀粉含量22.91%～27.34%,粗蛋白2.96%,VC133.2mg·kg-1,还原糖0.24%。每667m2产量1800kg左右,适宜甘肃省高寒阴湿、二阴地区及半干旱地区推广种植。     

Amphidiploids between Alstroemeria ligtu L. hybrid and A. pelegrina L. var. rosea induced through colchicine treatment and their reproductive characteristics

Interspecific hybrids of Alstroemeria ligtu L. hybrid (LH) (2n = 16) and A. pelegrina L. var. rosea (PR) (2n = 16) synthesized by cross-breeding, exhibited a low pollen fertility and failed to produce normal seeds by self-pollination. To produce amphidiploids of LH × PR the ovules of LH × PR were treated with 0.05% aqueous colchicine for 2, 4 or 8 days or the rhizomes of the mature LH × PR were treated with 0.5% aqueous colchicine for 1, 2, 4 or 7 days. A total of 6 mature plants were obtained from the ovules of LH × PR treated with colchicine. Among them 2 plants derived from the ovules treated with colchicine for 4 days were found to be amphidiploids (2n = 32). A total of 17 rhizomes treated with colchicine, sprouted. Among them, 1 and 3 plants developed from the rhizomes treated with colchicine, for 1 and 4 days, respectively, were fertile. The plants developed from seeds obtained by self-pollination were amphidiploids with a chromosome number of 2n = 32. Although each of the amphidiploids induced by colchicine and LH × PR exhibited the characteristics of the parents, the colchicine-induced amphidiploids showed larger flowers than LH × PR and grew more vigorously. Even though the amphidiploids failed to produce normal seeds by self-pollination, pollen fertility was relatively high and their progenies were produced from self-pollinated ovules by ovule culture. The amphidiploids were crossed with LH, PR, A. aurea Graham, A. paupercula Philippi and A. psittacina Lehm., resulting in the production of triploids with a chromosome number of 2n = 24.     

Aneuploidy in the progenies of inter-specific hybrid (AAAB genome) tetraploid potatoes

Summary

Cultivated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are autotetraploid (AAAA). Wild allotetraploid (AABB) relatives that share the A genome with cultivated potatoes are important for potato breeding; however, it is difficult to perform direct crossings between these two groups due to a post-zygotic crossing barrier called the endosperm balance number (EBN). In this study, the progenies of three exceptional sesquiploid (AAAB) hybrids (stbr₁, srbr₂ and stbr₃) from S. stoloniferum (sto) × S. tuberosum (tbr) were analysed. Five progenies, including selfed stbr, stbr₁ × sto, stbr₁ × tbr, stbr₂ × tbr, and stbr₃ × tbr were investigated in detail in terms of their somatic chromosome numbers. As expected, based on the genomic formula of hybrids, the incidence of aneuploidy was high in the progenies. However, most were aneuploid, with only one or two extra or deleted chromosomes. The results are discussed based on EBN theory.     

辣椒Capsicum annuum×Capsicum chacoense种间杂种的创制及鉴定

远缘杂交是导入外源有效基因的主要途径之一,种间杂交是拓宽辣椒栽培种遗传基础和创制种质资源的有效方式.为了拓宽栽培辣椒的遗传基础,增强遗传潜力,以辣椒栽培种Capsicum annuum'PI194879'为母本、野生种C.chacoense'PI639651'为父本进行杂交试验,通过形态学观察、花粉育性观察和SSR分子...     

食荚甜脆豌1号的选育

食荚甜脆豌１号是以中山青为母本,食英大菜豌１号为父本,经有性杂交和多代定向选择育成的食英豌豆新品种,具有早熟,优质,丰产,商品性等优点,鲜英产量可害８９６．８ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,比云南中棵增产１５３．１％,比食荚大菜豌１号增产２５．１％。     

栽培茄（Solanum melongena L.）与喀西茄（Solanum khasianum C.B.Clarke）F1杂交种的获得与鉴定

喀西茄（Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke）是茄子近缘野生种，具有珍贵的抵抗生物胁迫及非生物胁迫的基因。以 10 份栽培茄材料作母本与喀西茄进行杂交，并采用一次授粉、重复授粉、花柱短截、混合授粉及嫁接后授粉等授粉方式， 研究获得栽培茄与喀西茄种间杂交种的最佳方法。结果表明：采用嫁接后授粉可以提高杂交结果率，并且得到了L81 与喀西 茄的F₁；对F₁ 苗期植株进行SSR 分子鉴定，证实了F₁ 种子为栽培茄与喀西茄种间杂交种。     

新丰四号辣椒的选育

新丰四号是以８９１８为母本,９０３５为父本配制的辣椒一代杂种,株型紧凑,分枝多,青熟果深绿色,粗牛角形,皮薄肉厚,微辣,风味佳,一般６６７ｍ＾２产４０００ｋｇ,较抗炭疽病和疮痂病,已在全国地大面积推广。     

新丰五号辣椒的选育

新丰五号是以8802为母本，89－6为父本配制的辣椒一代杂种。中早熟、果粗长牛角形，黄绿色座果率高，高抗病毒病，667m^2产量4500－5000kg，比保椒2号和湘研5号分别增产48.6%和25.3%。     

白菜与甘蓝的种间杂交及其杂种后代的研究

利用杂交授粉后子房离体培养的方法克服了白菜与甘蓝的种间不亲和性,并获得二倍体和四倍体的杂种后代。对杂种后代进行形态观察、核型研究、同工酶分析和回交试验。杂种后代的形态性状介于两亲本之间,较偏向父本。二倍体杂种有明显的生长优势,根尖细胞染色体数为19。四倍体杂种生长发育较迟缓,根尖细胞染色体数为38。杂种后代过氧化物酶同工酶表现为“偏母本的互补型”,并在二倍体杂种中出现新的酶带。杂种后代高度不育,用白菜花粉回交二倍体杂种有低度的育性,用甘蓝花粉回交则不育。回交试验与同工酶分析的结果给我们以启示,应是由于杂种细胞质基因作用的结果。     

早熟耐热抗病大白菜新品种‘金早 58’

 ‘金早58’系以新型胞质雄性不育系07RC4 作母本,自交不亲和系07S132 作父本配制的早熟、耐热、抗病大白菜一代杂种。植株半直立,叶球矮桩叠抱。生长期58 d,单球质量1.6 kg,产量40 ~ 45 t · hm-2。成球性好,叶球紧实,品质优良,抗霜霉病,高抗病毒病和黑腐病,适应性广。适宜夏季和秋季早熟栽培。     

印度南瓜与中国南瓜种间杂交试验

为了获取印度南瓜与中国南瓜的"种间自交系",为印度南瓜与中国南瓜的种间杂交提供桥梁亲本,在获得印度南瓜与中国南瓜种间F1的基础上,以印度南瓜作为回交亲本,通过2次回交后再连续5次自交,获得了可育的BC_2F_6种子。种间自交系BC_2F_5可与印度南瓜正反交,也可用中国南瓜花粉对其授粉得到正常数量F1种子,但用其花粉对中国南瓜授粉仍难获得杂交种子。种间自交系与印度南瓜杂交获得的F1具有实际应用价值。     

辣椒新品种包椒2号的选育

摘要：包椒2号是以1132为母本,以1117为父本配制的辣椒杂交一代新品种。其生长势强,连续坐果 能力强,果实长羊角形,果皮亮黄绿色,果长26 cm,果肩宽4 cm,果皮厚0.4 cm,平均单果质量58.4 g, 667 m2 产量达3 111.2 kg,商品性好,味中辣,口感佳,综合抗病性较强。适宜在内蒙古包头地区春、夏季种 植。     

辣椒新品种通研2号的选育

通研2号是以南通本地羊角型辣椒海门小辣椒经多代自交选育出的稳定自交系97-2为母本,以从北方引进的大果型甜椒太空椒经多代自交选育出的稳定自交系87-2为父本配制而成的一代杂种。中早熟,始花节位为第1112节,果实长灯笼形,表皮光滑,有光泽,青熟果绿色,老熟果红色,味微辣,风味好,果长12.0cm,果肩宽4.4cm,果形指数2.8,果肉厚0.3cm,平均单果质量43.8g。每667m2产量3200kg左右。抗病毒病,中感炭疽病。适合长江中下游地区保护地早熟栽培及秋延后栽培。     

辣椒新品种采风3号的选育

采风 3号母本 96 14 2是从江西农家品种中选育出的自交系 ,父本 932 1 10是从吉林早椒中选育出的自交系。该品种植株生长健壮 ,果实羊角形 ,果色绿 ,纵径 12～ 15cm ,横径 1.5cm左右 ,单果质量 2 0～ 4 0 g ,早熟 ,前期产量比对照鸡爪×吉林高 32 .6 % ,总产量 15 0 0kg·(6 6 7m2 ) -1,高产可达 35 0 0kg·(6 6 7m2 ) -1,适宜浙江、江西、安徽、云南等省作春季及秋季大棚栽培。     

Eggplant relatives as sources of variation for developing new rootstocks: Effects of grafting on eggplant yield and fruit apparent quality and composition

We propose the utilization of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) interspecific hybrids derived from crosses with closely related species as an approach for developing new improved rootstocks for eggplant. Here we investigate rootstock effects on fruit yield, apparent quality and proximate and mineral composition of S. melongena ‘Black Beauty’ (BB) scions grafted on interspecific hybrid rootstocks developed from crosses of S. melongena with Solanum incanum L. (SI × SM) and Solanum aethiopicum L. (SM × SA). The results are compared with non-grafted (BB control) and self-grafted (BB/BB) controls and with S. melongena ‘Black Beauty’ scions grafted onto Solanum torvum Sw. (STO) and Solanum macrocarpon L. (SMA) rootstocks. All treatments were grown in a soil naturally infested with root-knot nematodes (mostly Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood). SI × SM and SM × SA interspecific hybrids had high germination (≥90%) and total graft success (100%). Contrary to what occurred with all other treatments, no plants from scions grafted onto these hybrid rootstocks died during the experiment. In particular, the SI × SM hybrid rootstock conferred the highest vigour to the scion, which resulted in the highest values for fruit earliness and early and total yield. Little difference was observed among treatments for apparent fruit quality traits, except for a greater fruit calyx length and prickliness of fruit grafted onto SMA rootstocks. A similar result was obtained for fruit composition where phenolics content was higher in fruit from plants grafted onto SMA rootstocks. Grafting eggplant onto interspecific eggplant hybrids, especially on the SI × SM hybrid, has proved advantageous for eggplant production, as the high vigour and good compatibility of the rootstock with scion results in improved early and total yield without negative effects on apparent fruit quality or composition. Interspecific hybrids represent an alternative to the commonly used STO rootstock, which is a wild species with irregular germination.     

薄皮甜瓜新品种辽甜15号的选育

辽甜15号是以自交系02-76-1-4-8-16-1138为母本,以自交系02-44-6-3-15-17-541为父本配制而成的薄皮甜瓜一代杂种。早熟,成熟瓜白色带黄晕,果实高圆形,耐贮运,肉质甜脆,可溶性固形物含量15%。平均单瓜质量360g,每667m2产量2200kg左右。适宜东北地区及气候相似地区春季保护地栽培。     

茄子新品种闽茄2号的选育

闽茄 2号是利用自交系 0 48-2 -1-3和 0 5 9-1-1-3为亲本选育而成的茄子一代杂种。该品种早熟性强 ,果色深紫红 ,果纵径 3 0～ 3 5cm ,横径 3 .2～ 4.0cm ,平均单果质量 14 0g ,果肉白、细腻 ,抗黄萎病、绵疫病 ,每667m2 产量 2 5 0 0kg左右 ,适于春季露地栽培。     

萝卜新品种红优五号的选育

红优五号是以春季红萝卜不育系为母本,徐州大红袍萝卜自交系为父本配制而成的秋季萝卜一代杂交种.该品种肉质根长18～21 cm,粗9～12 cm,单根重900～1 600g,皮红肉白,多汁,脆甜,商品性好,生长期60～90天,秋季栽培667 m2产量8 000kg左右,适宜黄淮海地区栽培.     

百合‘白天使’与山丹远缘杂交胚胎发育的细胞学研究

采用石蜡切片法对以亚洲百合品种‘白天使’为母本,野生种山丹为父本杂交后不同发育时期的胚珠进行制片观察,发现白天使×山丹远缘杂交受精和胚胎发育过程比较复杂,共有4种情况,即:不能完成受精,胚囊成员细胞最后解体;卵受精,只产生胚而无胚乳;极核受精,只产生胚乳而无胚;完成双受精,产生了胚和胚乳。百合杂种胚发育经过合子、原胚、球形胚、偏梨形胚、棒状胚阶段。偏梨形胚之前,胚的发育所需要的营养主要是通过胚柄从珠心和珠被中吸收。当胚体内部开始分化,外形呈棒状,胚柄解体。此后胚发育所需的营养则主要由胚乳细胞提供。百合胚乳发育为核型。杂种胚败育的可能原因是胚没有得到胚乳的哺育,这样的胚最多发育到球形胚阶段;其次是胚乳发育缓慢或停止,最后导致胚的夭折。该杂交组合授粉后45d,是进行胚抢救的最佳时期。