云抗10号大叶种茶晒青芽叶的生化特性研究

以云抗10号大叶种茶为研究对象,分别采摘其芽头、第一叶、第二叶、第三叶、第四叶和茶梗,分析其生化特性。结果表明:芽头的总灰分、可溶性糖、铁、锰和氟元素含量低于叶片中的含量,而水溶性灰分(占总灰分比例)、粗纤维、铜、锌、茶氨酸和咖啡碱的含量高于叶片中的含量,芽头的茶多酚、水浸出物和酯型儿茶素含量低于嫩叶,高于老叶。茶梗的总灰分、水浸出物、茶多酚、铜、氟、咖啡碱、儿茶素总量均低于芽头和叶片,而粗纤维、铁和茶氨酸含量高于芽头和叶片。不同芽叶生化成分变异系数高于15%的有铜、锌、锰、氟、粗纤维、可溶性糖、茶氨酸、咖啡碱、儿茶素及其单体类物质,由此表明不同芽叶的生化成分差异较大。     

紫芽品种茶树春梢芽叶生化成分分析

研究了紫色深浅不一的5个特定紫芽品种茶树春梢芽叶中的花青素、茶多酚、黄酮类、氨基酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物、儿茶素总量、酯型儿茶素总量、简单儿茶素总量等生化成分含量的差异。结果表明,紫芽品种茶树芽叶深浅与花青素含量关系密切,与茶多酚、咖啡碱、氨基酸、     

四川黑茶品质化学成分的研究

采用氨基酸自动分析法、高效液相色谱法分析了四川黑茶原料、渥堆叶、康砖成品茶的氨基酸、儿茶素组成含量及咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物的含量。四川黑茶原料氨基酸含量为1424.00βmg/100g,必需氨基酸含量为547.00βmg/100g,茶氨酸含量为87.15βmg/100g,儿茶素含量为27.63βmg/g,咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物含量分别为1.30%、8.18%、26.94%;渥堆叶氨基酸含量为1590.00βmg/100g,必需氨基酸含量为668.00βmg/100g,茶氨酸含量为67.62βmg/100g,儿茶素含量为27.52βmg/g,咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物含量分别为1.24%、7.90%、24.53%;康砖成品茶氨基酸含量为1420.00βmg/100g,必需氨基酸含量为529.00βmg/100g,茶氨酸含量为66.88βmg/100g,儿茶素含量为13.65βmg/g,咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物含量分别为1.27%、5.99%、23.92%。     

8个茶树品种的黑茶适制性研究

品种是决定茶叶品质的基础,目前黑茶缺乏专用品种.本研究对尖波黄13号等8个湖南主栽茶树品种进行了黑茶适制性研究.感官审评结果表明:在5%显著性水平下,桃源大叶和槠叶齐感官审评结果显著优于其它6个茶树品种.不同品种不同季节鲜叶水浸出物、儿茶素、茶氨酸、氨基酸总量、咖啡碱、粗纤维、还原性糖7个指标与相应黑茶感官审评结果相关性分析表明:春季氨基酸总量和粗纤维分别与感官审评呈显著正相关和显著负相关;夏、秋季咖啡碱、水浸出物、还原性糖、粗纤维与感官审评结果的相关性基本一致,都达到了显著相关(粗纤维为显著负相关,其余为显著正相关),儿茶素在夏季表现为显著负相关,其余各指标与感官审评结果相关性较低.考虑到氟对黑茶质量安全的重要性,本研究还对8个品种一芽五叶氟含量进行了测定,结果表明:8个参试品种氟含量都小于300 mg·kg-1.     

云南普洱茶品质与化学成分关系的初步研究

影响云南普洱茶品质的主要化学成分及其含量与等级间的关系，研究结果表明；总灰分、水浸出物、多酚类和咖啡碱含量与普洱茶品质得分皇显著正相关，相关系数（r）分别为0．739、0．918及0．879，而粗纤维含量与品质得分皇显著负相关（r—～958）．组纤维含量随级别的降低呈有规律的速增，总灰分（在一定范围内）、水浸出物、多酚类、咖啡碱含量随级别的降低呈有规律递减，其增减变化与质量的变化基本皇线性相关．反应茶叶品质因于是综合的，由总灰分、水浸出物、多酚类、粗纤维、咖啡碱等5个成分构成的五元回归综合关系式，对于倒茶叶等级品…     

氟铝交互处理对茶叶主要化学成分的影响

为了探究氟铝交互处理对茶叶主要化学成分的影响,以福建水仙茶苗为试验材料,不同浓度下氟铝交互处理水培30 d后,测定茶苗嫩叶和老叶(成熟叶片)中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、黄酮和水浸出物含量。结果表明:老叶和嫩叶在氟铝交互处理下,茶多酚、氨基酸、黄酮、咖啡碱、水浸出物等成分含量呈现一定的规律性。在高氟处理(12 mg/L)下,随着铝的加入,老叶茶多酚、老叶咖啡碱含量和嫩叶水浸出物,B4C4D4,逐渐降低;老叶氨基酸和老叶水浸出物含量,B4C4D4,呈上升趋势。在高铝处理(80 mg/L)下,随着氟的加入,嫩叶水浸出物含量,D2D3D4,逐渐降低。黄酮含量的变化则未发现明显的规律。铝和氟的不同交互比例处理产生不同程度的交互效应,氟铝交互处理对茶树叶片中主要化学成分含量影响差异显著。     

人工接种真菌发酵普洱茶的化学成分变化研究

在传统普洱茶自然渥堆发酵的基础上,研究了人工接入黑曲霉、青霉和酵母3种真菌后普洱茶化学成分的变化。结果表明,茶多酚、儿茶素、茶黄素、茶红素、茶褐素、水溶性果胶、水溶性糖、水浸出物、咖啡碱、氨基酸和灰分这些化学成分的变化趋势均与自然渥堆发酵相一致,呈增加趋势的有茶黄素。茶褐素、咖啡碱、水溶性果胶和灰分,呈减少趋势的有茶多酚、儿茶素、茶红素、水溶性糖、水浸出物和氨基酸。由于人为增加了普洱茶渥堆发酵所需的优势菌种,从而在一定程度上导致了以上这些化学成分的变化幅度与自然渥堆发酵的存在着量上的差异性,人工接种真菌后,更有利于茶多酚、儿茶素、水浸出物、水溶性糖、茶红素的保留,有利于茶黄素、咖啡碱的积累,并生成适量的茶褐素。人工接种真菌渥堆发酵普洱茶．在方法上是可行的．但有关相应的技术参数还需进一步研究。     

湖北引种黄金茶1号主要生化特性及绿茶适制性分析

以湖北茶区主栽品种鄂茶1号为对照,研究引种的茶树品种黄金茶1号鲜叶以及春梢所制绿茶的主要生化成分含量变化,并进行感官审评.结果表明,黄金茶1号春梢鲜叶氨基酸、咖啡碱显著高于对照,而水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素、酚氨比低于对照;夏、秋梢鲜叶内含物质丰富,各生化成分含量相对高于春梢.春梢所制绿茶水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素、酚氨比低于对照,茶氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸以及氨基酸总量高于对照;共检测出香气成分37种,各香气类别、组分所占比例均与鄂茶1号有明显差异;感官审评表明,黄金茶1号所制绿茶苦涩味低、嫩香浓郁、滋味鲜醇淡爽,品质优于鄂茶1号.     

22个茶树品种春梢生化成分分析

连续两年对22个茶树品种春梢的一芽二叶制蒸青样,进行水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱含量分析。结果表明,茶多酚含量品种间差异极显著,氨基酸含量年份间差异极显著,咖啡碱含量年份间差异显著、品种间差异极显著,水浸出物含量与茶多酚含量呈正相关。茶树体内生化成分含量因品种不同而不同外,还随气候条件的不同而变化。     

日本百项茶叶科研成果(续)

85.不同采摘时间、遮光处理和叶位的茶树新芽在化学成分上的差异 在茶叶不同采摘时间和其品质成分的关系上,研究表明,头茶的品质成分含量明显高于二、三茶,特别是精氨酸和茶氨酸的含量较高.茶芽中的全氮、茶多酚、氨基酸和咖啡碱含量均有随着芽梢成熟度的增加而减少的趋势.但蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖等游离糖含量和水溶性盐及可溶性果胶的含量则随着茶梢成熟度的增加而增加.维生素C含量则从采摘中期起逐渐增加,然后又减少.茶叶中的酯型儿茶素含量则随着茶芽成熟度的增加而逐渐减少,但(-)-EGC的含量呈增加趋势.无机成分中,磷酸和钾的含量随茶梢成熟度的增加而减少,但钙、锰、铝的含量呈增加趋势.铜和锌的含量随茶树芽叶的成熟而逐渐减少.     

大豆非正常叶的观察

与正常叶型大豆叶不同的几种大豆叶类型,有多复叶型(多叶柄)、多叶型和多单叶型3种.其中多单叶型大豆叶为罕见类型,首次报道.其特点在单叶节部位上长出3片叶、4片叶、5片叶和6片叶等不同于其它大豆叶的类型.经两年的观察,多单叶型大豆植株后代表现出正常型植株占55.92%;多单叶植株占44.08%;群体内各类型所占百分率多少次序为正常型＞3叶型＞4叶型＞5叶型＞6叶型.     

棉叶畸形症状之观察

棉叶畸形 ,多半是因化学物质毒害所致。受其为害轻则造成花蕾变小 ,叶片变形 ;重则形成“畸形果” ,以致蕾铃大量脱落 ,成为无蕾铃的“公棉花”。棉叶畸形的主要症状 :叶片缢缩 ,大小明显改变 ,叶片停滞生长 ,叶重下降 ;叶质增厚 ,叶片变硬变脆 ;叶脉间距明显缩短 ,叶色加深 (轻度受害叶 )至变成略黄 (重度受害叶 ) ;初期叶缘皱摺向上卷起 ,叶正面有许多圆形泡状隆起 ;受害重度叶片明显缢缩呈“鸡爪状”。现分述如下 :1　轻度受害叶 :多数发生于棉株主杆或顶部 ,受害叶片初期 (5天前 )叶片叶缘皱摺呈波浪状向上正面卷起 ,叶色无变化 ,叶肉略…     

Effect of nitrogen supply on leaf appearance,leaf growth,leaf nitrogen economy and photosynthetic capacity in maize (Zea mays L.)

Leaf area growth and nitrogen concentration per unit leaf area, N_a (g m⁻² N) are two options plants can use to adapt to nitrogen limitation. Previous work indicated that potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) adapts the size of leaves to maintain N_a and photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf area. This paper reports on the effect of N limitation on leaf area production and photosynthetic capacity in maize, a C4 cereal. Maize was grown in two experiments in pots in glasshouses with three (0.84–6.0 g N pot⁻¹) and five rates (0.5–6.0 g pot⁻¹) of N. Leaf tip and ligule appearance were monitored and final individual leaf area was determined. Changes with leaf age in leaf area, leaf N content and light-saturated photosynthetic capacity, P_max, were measured on two leaves per plant in each experiment. The final area of the largest leaf and total plant leaf area differed by 16 and 29% from the lowest to highest N supply, but leaf appearance rate and the duration of leaf expansion were unaffected. The N concentration of expanding leaves (N_a or %N in dry matter) differed by at least a factor 2 from the lowest to highest N supply. A hyperbolic function described the relation between P_max and N_a. The results confirm the ‘maize strategy’: leaf N content, photosynthetic capacity, and ultimately radiation use efficiency is more sensitive to nitrogen limitation than are leaf area expansion and light interception. The generality of the findings is discussed and it is suggested that at canopy level species showing the ‘potato strategy’ can be recognized from little effect of nitrogen supply on radiation use efficiency, while the reverse is true for species showing the ‘maize strategy’ for adaptation to N limitation.     

Effect of nitrogen supply on leaf growth,leaf nitrogen economy and photosynthetic capacity in potato

Literature reports show little effect of nitrogen supply on radiation use efficiency in potato and in other dicotyledonous C₃ species. This paper tests the hypothesis that potato reduces leaf size rather than leaf nitrogen concentration and photosynthetic capacity when nitrogen is in short supply. Four pot experiments with different rates of nitrogen supply were conducted in glasshouses. For two leaf numbers measurements were made of leaf area, P_max (rate of photosynthesis for saturating irradiance), specific leaf weight, and concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrate, all as a function of leaf age.Area per leaf was sensitive to nitrogen supply (about a factor 3 between extreme N treatments). P_max declined with leaf age. There were no systematic effects of nitrogen supply on P_max and on its change with leaf age, except that in some cases P_max of leaves of high N treatments was lower than P_max of low N treatments during part of the life span (leaf age of ca. 20–50 days). The dominant effect of nitrogen supply was on leaf size and not on P_max or leaf N content. P_max versus areal organic nitrogen concentration (g N m⁻² leaf area) showed considerable scatter and, for a given nitrogen concentration, a slightly lower P_max for high N treatments than for low N treatments. Comparison with other species showed a comparatively low value of P_max in potato.     

人参/西洋参枯叶病缓解实验

通过各供试药剂在西洋参枯叶病上的使用,验证各供试药剂对西洋参枯叶病的缓解作用。结果表明,参多乐450倍液+益微450倍液对西洋参枯叶病缓解效果突出,在一定程度上解决了枯叶病给西洋参带来的危害。且该配方在人参上同样适用。     

大豆叶面积简易测定法

本文介绍的大豆简易叶面积测定法，供试大豆品种主茎节数为15个左右，通过对第4－13节叶面积的测定结果表明，以主茎第6节和第11节上着生的总叶面积换算株平均叶面积可减少通常叶面积测定1／3左右的作业量，为大豆叶面积测定探索提出了新方法。     

Note on relationship between leaf soluble carbohydrate and chlorophyll concentrations in maize during leaf senescence

Leaf senescence is typically associated with loss of chlorophyll and decline in photosynthetic capacity. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the relationship between chlorophyll (SPAD) and soluble-carbohydrate concentrations in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves during leaf senescence and (ii) to examine whether this relationship differed between an old and a recent maize hybrid. Field experiments were conducted in 1995 at two locations. A range of leaf soluble-carbohydrate concentrations and SPAD values was obtained through various source-manipulation of source activity by defoliation and thinning. Defoliation treatments were imposed at 3, 4, and 5 weeks after silking. The thinning treatment was imposed at 3 weeks after silking. Two maize hybrids were composed: Pride 5 (old) and Pioneer 3902 (recent). Leaves at three leaf positions, near the topmost ear and the ear internode were sampled at weekly intervals, from 3 weeks after silking until visual completion of leaf senescence. Leaf and internode soluble-carbohydrate concentration declined following defoliation, although the response in leaves was delayed compared to that in the stem. SPAD readings and soluble-carbohydrate concentrations were positively correlated below a plateau value of 55 mg glucose equivalents g⁻¹ leaf. The correlation between SPAD and soluble-carbohydrate concentration was similar for the old and recent maize hybrid.     

茶树芽叶的变异

南涧彝族自治县位于云南省西部,境内有保存完好的国家级无量山自然保护区。茶树大多生长在海拔1700～2200m范围之内,且多数处在天然森林的包围之中。长期的自然选择和人工栽培不但丰富了茶树的遗传多样性,而且也出现了罕见的多种变异。2010年笔者先后在海拔1960～2200米的公郎镇罗伯克茶场、县茶树良种场的地方群体品种、云抗10号和长叶白毫中发现了多种芽叶变异现象。现择几例报道如下。