基于文献计量分析的我国黄芪、当归、党参在畜牧与动物医学领域的研究

目的：了解国内黄芪、当归、党参等3类中草药在＂畜牧与动物医学＂领域的研究状况,为后续研究提供参考。方法：运用文献计量学与计算机统计分析的研究方法,以国内3种中草药在＂畜牧与动物医学＂领域研究的期刊文献为样本,进行文献学特征、文献主题内容的分析与研究。结果：当归是3种中草药中＂畜牧与动物医学＂领域研究最早、时间跨度最大的中药材;3种中草药的主要饲喂或治疗对象有鸡、猪、牛、鼠、犬等;主要饲喂或用药类型有单药、组方、提取物、注射液、散剂、汤剂等;主要对症有增强免疫机能、生长性能、生产性能、治疗前胃疾病等。结论：在国内,高校是3种中草药＂畜牧与动物医学＂领域研究最主要机构,3种中草药在＂畜牧与动物医学＂领域应用范围较广、应用技术日趋成熟,普遍遵循着扶正祛邪、调节阴阳平衡的中兽医治疗原则。     

白三叶和牛鞭草生物量增长规律与环境因子的关系

通过白三叶Trifolium repens和牛鞭草Hemarthria compressa的生物量增长规律的测定以及生长速率与环境因子的相关分析表明,牛鞭草的环境容纳量大于白三叶,瞬时增长率小于白三叶,逻辑斯谛曲线拐点的出现晚于白三叶。白三叶的生长速率与太阳辐射之间达到显著性相关,牛鞭草的生长速率与牛鞭草现存生物量之间达到显著性相关。     

基于WOS和CNKI数据库解析国际山羊研究发展态势

为了解国际山羊整体发展态势,运用引文分析方法,以"山羊"为标题词进行检索,对1992—2019年期间Web of Science数据库中全球有关山羊研究论文产出,以及同一时期中国CNKI数据库中中文有关山羊研究重点论文产出,进行了国、内外山羊研究论文全面解析.通过Web of Science平台共检索到SCI山羊论文1...     

Considering the relationship between domestic violence and pet abuse and its significance in the veterinary clinical and educational contexts

This thematic review examines the literature regarding the relationship between domestic violence (DV) and pet abuse (PA) particularly in the veterinary clinical and educational contexts. It examines the significance of this relationship for the veterinary profession including the veterinarian’s role and associated legal and ethical obligations, and relevant current veterinary education standards, to identify future clinical and educational directions. Articles were sourced from online databases by searching the keywords without date restrictions. Overall, 70 articles were retrieved and reviewed.

Pet abuse has been identified as a potential risk factor for DV, and DV perpetrators may harm or kill a pet to exert physical, psychological or emotional control over an intimate partner. Given that victims of DV often seek veterinary aid for their pets, veterinarians may act as frontline professionals in the recognition of the link between PA and DV. Veterinarians must assess individual cases for diagnostic indicators of non-accidental injury and consider demographic factors to identify suspected PA and DV. Despite existing legal and ethical obligations of the veterinarian relating to suspected PA and victims of DV, veterinarians have uncertainty and unpreparedness in addressing PA and DV in a clinical context. Many factors may contribute to the lack of veterinary intervention in suspected cases of PA and DV including concern for animal welfare, confusion about the reporting process and uncertainty in differentiating accidental versus non-accidental injuries in pets. Specific published guidelines regarding the recognition and reporting of PA and DV in the veterinary clinical context are required. Limited published evidence exists examining the implementation and success of veterinary training regarding the relationship between DV and PA. Ultimately, veterinary student education is needed to prepare veterinarians for their response to PA and DV in practice. Further research is required to examine the effects of the delivery of content regarding the link between PA and DV in the veterinary curriculum on veterinary student knowledge and attitudes.     

植被覆盖变化过程中土壤有机碳库动态及其影响因素研究进展

土地利用和土地变化改变了1/3~1/2的陆地面积。森林砍伐、造林、木本入侵等植被变化通常伴随草本、木本植物类型的改变,是植被变化的主要表现形式。通常认为森林破坏导致土壤有机碳(SOC)流失,也有研究发现,林地转化为草场后也可具有极大的碳增汇潜力。由于农田、草场是人类主要食物来源地,比较研究草本与木本植被类型的土壤碳吸存潜力及影响因素对全球变暖和食物安全都具有重要意义。本研究综述了国内外近年来的有关研究进展,结果表明,植被变化过程中SOC的变化方向和数量大小不仅取决于变化前后植被类型,还主要与土地利用的历史、现状及管理活动强度有关。另外,原始土壤条件、土地利用变化前SOC含量、土壤质地、植被生产力等也都对SOC动态具有重要影响。这为特定立地条件下选择相应的植被类型或植被类型组合,进行有效的管理以提高土壤碳吸存提供了依据。目前许多关于植被变化的研究并没有把植被类型转换对土壤碳库的影响从其他因子的影响中分离出来,对2种植被类型下土壤碳库特征、碳汇潜力、动态特征以及影响因子的比较研究有待进一步深入,关于土壤活性碳库动态特征及影响因素的研究也有待加强。     

The relationship between plasma leptin concentrations and the distribution of body fat in crossbred steers

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma leptin levels and fat distribution in crossbred steers. Twenty-four crossbred steers (Japanese Black × Holstein) were used in this study. Six steers belonged to the growing phase (11 months of age), and 18 steers to the finishing phase (from 21 to 28 months of age). Plasma leptin levels correlated positively with body fat weight ( r  = 0.807, P  < 0.01), body fat percentage ( r  = 0.802, P  < 0.01), visceral fat weight ( r  = 0.807, P  < 0.01), visceral fat percentage ( r  = 0.780, P  < 0.01), subcutaneous fat weight ( r  = 0.745, P  < 0.01), subcutaneous fat percentage ( r  = 0.734, P  < 0.01), intermuscular fat weight ( r  = 0.793, P  < 0.01), intermuscular fat percentage (0.775, P  < 0.01), renal fat weight ( r  = 0.694, P  < 0.01), renal fat percentage ( r  = 0.642, P  < 0.01), subcutaneous fat thickness ( r  = 0.755, P  < 0.01), intermuscular fat thickness ( r  = 0.721, P  < 0.01), beef marbling score ( r  = 0.706, P  < 0.01) and the crude fat content of Musculus longissimus thoracis ( r  = 0.592, P  < 0.01). The location of fat deposits did not affect the correlation values. However, when steers were divided into growing ( n  = 6) and finishing ( n  = 18) groups, there was no significant correlation between plasma leptin levels and the carcass characteristics related to fat deposition (fat weight, fat percentage, carcass traits) in either group. These results suggest that plasma leptin levels in crossbred steers positively correlate with body fat content and carcass traits when these parameters vary widely.     

天山北坡草地生物量分布特征及影响因子

以天山北坡草地为研究对象, 通过调查采样对不同类型草地的生物量水平进行估算, 揭示其空间分布特征以及生物量在地上与地下的分配规律, 并对生物量与环境因子间的关系做了探究。结果表明, 研究区各类型草地总生物量由大到小依次为温性山地草甸、温性草甸草原、高寒草甸、低地盐化草甸、温性草原、温性荒漠草原、温性草原化荒漠、温性荒漠;同一类型草地, 地上和地下生物量空间变异程度不同;不同类型草地, 低地盐化草甸的地上生物量与其他草地差异显著(P0.05), 温性山地草甸与温性荒漠的地下生物量和总生物量差异均显著(P0.05);各类草地根冠比为3.2～20.0;草地地上生物量与年降水量和人类利用程度具有显著相关性, 地下生物量则与年降水量、年均温、地形具有极显著相关性(P0.01)。     

探究人力资本理论对饲料行业绿色全要素生产增长率的影响

人力资本是提高人类生产率和经济价值的重要因素.基于人力资源管理而产生的人力资本理论,在经过近60年的发展后,该理论得到了不断的充实和完善,现已成为企业管理的核心理论之一.纵观经济发展模式,传统以高能耗、高污染为代价的经济增长显然不可维系,也不符合经济转型升级的要求.为此,我国正在走资源节约、环境友好的绿色经济发展之路....     

The use of veterinary medicinal products in equine practices in The Netherlands: Balancing between the law and good veterinary practice

This study investigates the present situation with respect to the use and abuse of (veterinary) medicinal products (VMPs) by equine practitioners and endeavours to substantiate the perceived discrepancies and friction between the availability of VMPs, legislation in force, code of Good Veterinary Practice and reality of day‐today equine practice. It can be concluded that practising equine medicine in The Netherlands using only authorised equine VMPs is impossible. In most cases the ‘cascade’ or list of essential substances is needed to legitimise the use or, even worse, the use is not legitimised at all. Existing differences between European Union member states in the outcome of procedures for obtaining a marketing authorisation for the same product is seen as an obstacle for the availability and development of equine VMPs needed for safeguarding the future of a professional equine veterinary healthcare.     

中兽药防治大肠杆菌性仔猪腹泻研究

仔猪腹泻是严重的仔猪疾病之一,常用抗生素进行治疗,但细菌耐药性导致药物的治疗效果下降。目前,有很多研究报道中草药防治仔猪腹泻取得了良好的疗效。本文从中药抗动物腹泻的作用机理、仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻的中兽医辨证、中药抗仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻的作用机理三个方面展开论述中药防治仔猪腹泻的研究进展,为防治仔猪腹泻的中兽药开发提供理论基础。     

It may be a dog's life but the relationship with her owners is also key to her health and well being: communication in veterinary medicine.

Effective communication is necessary for achieving important outcomes in veterinary practice, including patient health, accuracy, efficiency, and economic viability. Communication is a series of learned skills. Daily practice, feedback, and refinement are the ingredients for continued practice success.     

The Italian veterinary medicine admission test: analysis of student intake in the years 2007, 2008, and 2009, and of the test's relationship with students' academic careers

The present paper analyzes the admission test administered to candidates to the veterinary medicine program in Italy for the academic years 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010 nationwide as well as the University of Pisa student intake from 2001-2002 through 2009-2010, comparing the relationship between the admission test and students' academic careers at Pisa. This paper finds that the Italian system of a locally enforced fixed intake number does not select the best possible candidates for admission because (1) there are significant variations in the candidates' preparation among the different locations where the test is held, (2) the subjects tested are not equally selective in identifying the best candidates, and (3) there is a very strong relationship between candidates' performance on the admission test and the subsequent academic career of the admitted candidates. In its findings, this study in part contradicts what is commonly believed by the Italian veterinary medicine community, and, as a result, it is extremely important that care is taken in the decision-making process-in the process, that is, of identifying a fixed intake number and of selecting the subjects to be tested on the admission test.     

Investigating the relationship between vaginal microbiota and host genetics and their impact on immune response and farrowing traits in commercial gilts

Our objectives were to evaluate the interaction between host genetics and vaginal microbiota and their relationships with antibody (Ab) response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccination and farrowing performance in commercial gilts. The farrowing performance traits were number born alive, number weaning (NW), total number born, number born dead, stillborn, mummies and preweaning mortality (PWM). The vaginal microbiota was collected on days 4 (D4) and 52 (D52) after vaccination for PRRSV. Blood samples were collected on D52 for Ab measurement. Actinobacteria, Bacterioidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes were the most abundant Phyla identified in the vaginal microbiota. Heritability ranged from ~0 to 0.60 (Fusobacterium) on D4 and from ~0 to 0.63 (Terrisporobacter) on D52, with 43 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) presenting moderate to high heritability. One major QTL on chromosome 12 was identified for 5 OTUs (Clostridiales, Acinetobacter, Ruminococcaceae, Campylobacter and Anaerococcus), among other 19 QTL. The microbiability for Ab response to PRRSV vaccination was low for both days (<0.07). For farrowing performance, microbiability varied from <0.001 to 0.15 (NW on D4). For NW and PWM, the microbiability was greater than the heritability estimates. Actinobacillus, Streptococcus, Campylobacter, Anaerococcus, Mollicutes, Peptostreptococcus, Treponema and Fusobacterium showed different abundance between low and high Ab responders. Finally, canonical discriminant analyses revealed that vaginal microbiota was able to classify gilts in high and low Ab responders to PRRSV vaccination with a misclassification rate of <0.02. Although the microbiota explained limited variation in Ab response and farrowing performance traits, there is still potential to explore the use of vaginal microbiota to explain variation in traits such as NW and PWM. In addition, these results revealed that there is a partial control of host genetic over vaginal microbiota, suggesting a possibility for genetic selection on the vaginal microbiota.     

Potential role of Anitschkow cells in cardiovascular disease in human and veterinary medicine: A review of the literature

Anitschkow cells (AC) are a peculiar type of stromal cells observed in myocardium, cardiac valves and coronary vessels wall whose origin, characterization and role remain controversial. In human heart, they represent a histological hallmark of Aschoff nodules in rheumatic fever, but they have also been observed in other myocardial pathologies. Firstly, they have been considered a myocyte‐derived cells, but light microscopy, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies pointed out that a macrophagic/histiocytic origin cannot be excluded. Many authors also reported extracardiac AC or an Anitschkow nuclear pattern, thus suggesting that these cells may represent a chromatin pattern rather than a specific cell type. In veterinary medicine, AC were described in myocarditis, myocardial necrosis, degenerative and inflammatory endocardial diseases of several species. Recently, AC have been observed in intramural coronary arteries of different animals (including cattle and fish) affected by arteriosclerotic processes. Stress related to the intensive livestock farming could represent a mechanotransduction promoting factor of arteriosclerotic changes allowing the development of Anitschkow chromatin pattern. Further studies both in human and veterinary medicine are needed to confirm the origin and role of these peculiar cells.