鄂东南山区自然放牧条件下如何提高山羊羔羊成活率

在笔者拜访的许多山羊专业养殖户中,一个普遍的问题是羔羊成活率低,大多数山羊专业养殖户羔羊成活率仅在60%左右,个别山羊养殖户不到10%.在笔者初步统计中563头能繁母羊中,一年时间内中共产羔羊858只,6月龄存活率仅为53%.为提高养殖效益,提高羔羊成活率,加快群体周转非常重要.现就多数山羊专业养殖户存在的导致羔羊成活率不高的一些问题探讨如下,并提出相应的对策.影响羔羊成活率的几个主要因素.     

羔羊死亡原因浅析及提高成活率的措施

随着贵州省草地生态畜牧业项目的实施和推进,良种山羊的引进和山羊杂交改良力度的加大,黔南州的山羊存栏数量迅速增长,仅在2008至2009年一年间山羊存栏数就增加了一倍多.良种山羊的养殖在给广大的养殖场(户)带来显著效益的同时,也有一些养殖场(户)由于各种原因造成羔羊成活率低,养殖效益不高的情况.要解决羔羊成活率低的问题,必须弄清造成羔羊死亡的原因,并采取有效提高羔羊成活率的措施.     

提高羔羊成活率技术措施探讨

羔羊成活率 (指双月成活率 ,下同 )的高低 ,严重影响山羊生产的发展。为了提高羔羊成活率 ,我们于 1997年至 1998年开展山羊杂交改良、加强防疫保健、推行山羊补饲、建规范化羊圈等综合技术措施。羔羊成活率试验组为 86 .4 3% ,对照组为 5 9.11% ,试验组极显著地高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。     

提高羔羊成活率配套技术的研究

山羊是广生态幅草食家畜，养羊投资少、见效快、效益高，许多地方正在大力发展山羊生产。养羊中存在的一个主要问题是羔羊死亡率高，据调查，1991年前我县羔羊成活率平均为50．5％，有些养羊户因管理不善，成活率仅有30．5％左右。引起羔羊死亡的原因是多方面的，为提高羔羊成活率，根据山羊的生活习性，我们采取相应的配套技术饲养，追踪观察记录了推广效果，羔羊成活率提高到85．6％以上，加速了我县山羊生产发展，得到国家、少、地有关专家的肯定。1材料和方法1．1配套技术试验1．1．1试验山羊供试羊为本地“扁角麻羊”。我们认为适群规…     

提高羔羊成活率的技术措施

近年来,随着黔南州草地生态畜牧业项目的实施和推进,良种山羊的引进和山羊杂交改良力度加大,山羊存栏数量迅速增加。与此同时,由于多方面的原因,一些养殖场（户）存在羔羊成活率低的问题,严重影响了养羊经济效益。现就如何提高羔羊成活率的问题作以下探讨,供参考。     

山羊母性也会影响产仔成活率

山羊母性是否正常是初生羔羊存活或伤残的必要条件,研究山羊母性,对产羔季节实行科学饲养管理、提高羔羊成活率具有重要意义.     

羔山羊的培育技术

山羊早期生长快．性成熟早，抓好羔羊早期培育直接关系到山羊终生生产性能的发挥。要培育健壮的羔羊．提高羔羊的成活率，在饲养管理上要抓好以下几个方面：     

羔羊常见疾病的综合防治

为了提高羔羊的成活率,促进养殖户的快速健康发展规模,成功发展山羊产业,根据平时下村对羔羊疾病的诊疗及实践,对羔羊几种常见病的预防和诊治要点作简要介绍,以期为山羊养殖户提供参考。     

浅析春季羔羊的饲养管理

<正>邹平县西董街道办事处位于邹平南部山区,山区面积大,饲草资源丰富,为肉羊养殖打下坚实基础。春季是山羊繁育的最适宜季节,在春季进行羔羊繁育可提高羔羊的成活率,确保养殖山羊的经济效益。因此,要全面做好春季山羊的繁育以及羔羊的饲养管理工作。早春时节所产的羔羊,由于受气温等诸多因素的影响,成活率难以保证。因此,必须加强饲养管理工作,注意做好以下四点。1护理羔羊出生后,脐带以自然断裂为好。如脐带未断,     

母羊日粮营养水平高低对马头山羊羔羊初生重、成活率的影响试验

马头山羊母羊营养水平对其体重、羔羊初生重及成活率影响试验,经统计分析,营养水平高低对增加母羊体重,羔羊的初生重、成活率呈正相关.通过圈养或半牧加补料,在较高营养水平的饲养下,羔羊平均初生重提高25.15%,2月龄羔羊成活率提高12.1个百分点,窝重增加29.41%,收到了较好效果.     

维生素B12解冻液在绵羊人工授精中的应用

应用维生素B12注射液做绵羊冻精的解冻液,实施人工授精配种来提高绵羊受胎率和羔羊成活率。结果表明,试验组绵羊受胎率达96.0%,羔羊成活率达94.2%,而对照组绵羊受胎率为78.0%,羔羊成活率为85.4%,试验组与对照组绵羊受胎率和羔羊成活率均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。     

滩羊冬羔春羔生产效果对比试验

为了探讨优良地方品种滩羊最佳产羔季节,从生产发育、羔羊成活率和经济效益3个方面进行研究试验结果表明,试验组羔羊平均初生重3．66kg,1月龄体重8．80kg,3月龄体重16．78kg;对照组羔羊平均初生重3．42kg,1月龄体重9．60kg,3月龄体重18．25kg。冬羔初生重大于春羔,而断奶期生长速度低于春羔。冬羔的成活率为97．5％,春羔为95．8％。3月龄冬羔每只收入402．72元,春羔每只收入401．5元。春羔虽然断奶期日增重高于冬羔,但综合羔羊成活率、经济效益等因素,在甘肃省景泰县饲养优良绵羊品种滩羊冬羔的生产效果和经济效益优于春羔。     

山区羊舍“圈中圈”设计及应用效果

为探索山区羔羊保育技术,提高羔羊成活率和增重效果,笔者通过改进圈舍设计,加强饲养管理,开展了"圈中圈"羔羊保育应用效果观察试验。结果表明,试验组羔羊的断奶(120d)成活率为97.78%,比对照组的断奶成活率(68.89%)提高了41.94%;试验组羔羊的日增重为96.2 g,比对照组(71g)提高了35.49%,效果显著。     

藏系绵羊自然放牧条件下生长发育规律观察

在冬春季节自然放牧条件下,对藏系绵羊不同管理水平下的体重变化、羔羊成活率、繁殖成活率、成畜保活率进行对比研究。在不采取任何补饲措施的情况下,试验组夜间圈于标准化暖棚羊舍,对照组圈于简易羊舍。实验结果表明,在12月21日到次年5月21日的150d时间内,对照组羊自试验期开始的第一个月起,体重逐渐下降至4月份到最低体重。然后逐渐增重,但到6月份体重仍未恢复到期初水平。试验组当年羔羊、育成羊和成年羊体重下降幅度比对照组分别低0．57kg、2．25kg和2．61kg;羔羊成活率、繁殖成活率和成畜保活率比对照组分别高1．02、4．70和2．29个百分点。对照组羊体重减少9．83kg,减少产肉4．52kg,只均损失117．57元;试验组羊体重减少5．94kg,减少产肉2．73kg,只均损失70．98元,比对照组低46．59元。说明藏系羊在寒冷季节采取必要的保暖措施,可以减轻体重损失,提高羔羊成活率、繁殖成活率和成畜保活率。     

高寒牧区无角陶赛特羊胚胎移植试验及其后裔的生长发育指标测定

在环青海湖地区的共和县引进澳大利亚无角陶赛特羊胚胎,以当地青海半细毛羊为受体,进行胚胎移植,结果移植冻胚60枚,产羔28只,移植妊娠率为46.67%,羔羊成活率为100%。羔羊生长发育指标测定结果表明,胚胎移植羔羊平均出生重3.25kg,4月龄前生长发育最为迅速,平均日增重达205.96g,6月龄平均体重32.47kg。     

消维康对初生羔羊的保育作用观察

用消维康口服液对初生羔羊进行保育试验，结果：试验组羔羊比对照组羔羊多增重1.6kg和1.87kg，发病率比对照组降低26.8%，成活率比对照组提高9.2%，效果明显。     

国产甾体抗原双羔素的应用效果

本文简要叙述了国内利用甾体抗原提高绵山羊繁殖力的历史现状以及国内早期研制的不同甾体抗原种类及其免疫效果,并着重介绍了TIT双羔素的应用效果,分析了TIT双羔素对母羊发情率、受胎率、产羔率以及羔羊出生重、羔羊成活率的影响。     

The effect of ewe maternal behaviour score on lamb and litter survival

The study was carried out on a commercial New Zealand sheep farm with high ewe reproductive rates and lamb survival produced through intensive selection in its Coopworth flock for maternal ability.Heritability and repeatability estimates were derived for ewe maternal behaviour score (MBS) and litter survival (LIS). Heritability estimates were derived for lamb survival as a trait of the lamb (LAS) for all lambs, for twin (LAS2) and for triplet (LAS3) lambs.MBS and LIS were measured on 1954 dams, for a maximum of four parities: 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000. MBS was measured at tagging on a 5-point scale (1=poor, 5=excellent) when the dam's lambs were between 12 and 36 h old. The mean MBS in this study was 3.3 and increased with litter size. LIS was measured from birth to weaning. Mean litter survival was 83%. LIS increased significantly as MBS increased (P<0.01). LIS decreased as the size of the litter increased (P<0.01). Age of dam was a nonsignificant effect on LIS (P>0.05).LAS was measured from birth to weaning on 4171 Coopworth lambs. Mean LAS was higher for lambs born as twins compared to lambs born as singles and lowest for lambs born as triplets (P<0.01). LAS was lower for lambs born to dams aged 2 years. This effect was significant for all lambs, regardless of litter size at birth and for the triplet lamb data set (P<0.01). The effects of age of dam and sex of lamb on twin lamb survival were not significant (P>0.05). Ewe lamb survival rate was higher when compared to ram lambs in the full data set, however the relationship was reversed for the triplet lamb data set where ram lamb survival was greatest (P<0.01). LAS decreased as the MBS of its dam increased (P<0.01). The relationship was significant for lambs in the full data set and the twin data set (P<0.05).MBS and LIS were under minimal genetic control. The heritability and repeatability for MBS were both 0.09. The heritability and repeatability for dam LIS were 0.0 and 0.11. Heritability for LAS over all lambs attributed to direct effects was 0.14, while the heritability attributed to maternal effects was 0.11. The heritability for twin (LAS2) and triplet (LAS3) lamb survival differed. Heritability attributed to direct and maternal effects were 0.0 and 0.21, respectively, for twin lambs and 0.08 and 0.16, respectively, for triplets.The genetic correlation between maternal and direct effect for LAS was −0.74. It is possible that the genes that regulate physiological and biochemical processes for survival are incompatible with the genes that enhance ewe-lamb bonding. For example, the genes that regulate the physiological factors to reduce gregariousness at parturition may in fact be the same genes that encourage isolation in the neonate from its littermates and dam.There is minimal genetic variation in this flock for lamb survival and maternal traits. Low genetic variation suggests that selection will be ineffective, and that farmers must consider environment and management techniques for improving lamb survival.     

Factors affecting productivity of Rambouillet ewes mated to ram lambs

Objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude of the effects of various factors associated with ewes and their ram lamb mates on fertility, prolificacy, lamb survival, lamb weaning weight and ewe productivity and to estimate the heritability and repeatability of each trait. Records from 731 ewe-years, 75 ram lamb sires and 616 lambs born from the University of Illinois Rambouillet flock were used. Ewes mated to single-born ram lambs had higher fertility rates (P less than .01), gave birth to lambs with higher survival rates (P less than .01), weaned lighter (P less than .05) individual lambs but weaned more weight of lamb per ewe exposed (P less than .01) than ewes mated to multiple-born ram lambs. Ram lamb breeding weight, ram lamb scrotal circumference, ewe breeding weight and ewe age had relatively large and positive effects on the composite trait of weight of lamb weaned per ewe exposed and significant effects on a number of the component traits. Heritability and repeatability estimates were, respectively, as follows: fertility, 3%, 3%; prolificacy, 34%, 19%; lamb survival, 15%, 8%; lamb weaning weight, 7%, 36%; and ewe productivity, 27%, 10%.     

欧拉羊种公羊适应性观察与杂交改良乔科羊繁殖力分析

欧拉羊引入甘南州大水种畜场和碌曲县尕海乡、郎木寺镇等地改良乔科羊的肉用性能,引入的欧拉羊种公羊行为表现正常,抗寒、抗病能力较强,发病率为7％以下,死亡率在3％以下。繁殖性能和生长发育良好,主要生理生化指标都在正常范围之内。欧拉羊杂交改良乔科羊的繁殖力分析结果表明,用欧拉羊杂交改良乔科羊试验组的母羊受胎率、繁殖率、羔羊成活率及繁殖成活率均比当地乔科羊本交对照组分别提高1．45％、1．07％、4．06％和4．71％。