家兔大肠杆菌病的诊治

朝阳市喀左县山咀子镇某养兔场2006年11月,发生一种疾病,病兔主要表现为食欲减退至废绝、精神沉郁、四肢无力,部分病兔发生腹     

兔链球菌病与痒螨混合感染的诊治

2003年4月本溪市南芬区思山岭乡一养兔场发生了一种以耳痒、歪头为主要特征的疾病,经诊断为兔链球菌病与痒螨混合感染。     

兔链球菌病与痒螨混合感染的诊治

2003年4月本溪市南芬区思山岭乡一养兔场发生了一种以耳痒、歪头为主要特征的疾病，经诊断为兔链球菌病与痒螨混合感染。     

兔大肠杆菌性腹泻的诊治

<正>1发病情况四川眉山某养兔场,饲养兔700余只,2008年11月份以来兔场发生了严重的腹泻病,主要发生在5~7周龄幼兔,表现为腹胀和剧烈腹泻,后迅速蔓延     

幼兔大肠杆菌性腹泻的诊治

2004年12月,重庆市荣昌县某养兔场发生了一起断奶幼兔剧烈腹泻的疾病.该兔场共饲养家兔约750只,其中断奶幼兔约250只,腹泻疾病主要发生在断奶幼兔,发病急,死亡快,发病率约90%,死亡率80%以上.     

兔大肠杆菌性腹泻的诊治

<正>1发病情况四川眉山某养兔场,饲养兔700余只,2008年11月份以来兔场发生了严重的腹泻病,主要发生在5~7周龄幼兔,表现为腹胀和剧烈腹泻,后迅速蔓延     

免附红细胞体病的诊断与防治

附红细胞体病是危害养猪业的主要疾病之一.从2000年11月至2001年3月我县的几个相邻养兔场相继发生一种以低烧、贫血为特征的兔病,经流行病学调查、病源学诊断确诊为附红细胞体病,兔感染该病目前国内外尚未见报道,现将情况报告如下:     

养兔户注意啦 獭兔波氏杆菌病到了高发期

<正>1发病情况与临床症状黑龙江省铁力市境内的农场、林业局及乡镇有5个养兔场,发生以鼻炎和肺炎为特征疾病。使一些哺乳仔兔死亡,后期怀孕母兔死亡。这几个兔场均先后按常规免疫     

兔链球菌病与痒螨混合感染的诊治

2005年5月，定陶县某一养兔场发生了一种以耳痒、歪头为主要特征的疾病。根据发病情况、临床症状、剖检变化及实验室检查，确诊为兔链球菌病与痒螨病混合感染。经采取有效的综合防治措施， 取得了满意的效果。     

兔链球菌病与痒螨病混合感染的诊治

2005年5月,定陶县某养兔场发生了一种病兔以耳痒、歪头为主要特征的疾病。根据发病情况、临床症状、剖检变化及实验室检查,综合分析确诊为兔链球菌病与痒螨病混合感染。经采取有效的综合防治措施,使病情得到控制,取得了满意的效果。1发病情况该养兔场共养獭兔165只,2005年5月10日,畜主发现多数兔出现耳下垂、摇头、搔耳等症状,有两只兔出现歪头、倒地、转圈、抽搐等严重症状,很快死亡。畜主当日用“兔癣一次净”给患兔进行了耳内涂擦。第2天,又有6只兔死亡,于是送我中心动物医院诊治。2临床症状病兔体温升高,精神沉郁,食欲减少,呼吸困难,间…     

A serial cross-sectional study of the prevalence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on three farms in the lower North Island of New Zealand

AIM: To estimate over a 3-year period following the first release of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) the prevalence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and the abundance of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in an area that historically had low rabbit densities. METHODS: Three farms grazing predominantly sheep and beef cattle, located close together and with low initial rabbit densities, were selected for study. RHDV had been deliberately released on all farms in December 1997. Farms were visited 2-3 times per year between June 1998 and April 2001. At each visit, rabbits were shot with the aid of spotlights at night and blood samples were collected for detection of RHDV antibodies. Rabbit carcasses were necropsied and the age of the animals was determined. Rabbit abundance on each property was measured throughout the study using spotlight night counts. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the risk of carcasses being seropositive for RHDV. RESULTS: Rabbit density differed initially between farms (8.2, 9.9, 2.3 rabbits per spotlight km in June 1998), and declined on all three properties over time (1.2, 2.4, 1.1 rabbits per spotlight km in November 2000). Highest antibody titres to RHDV were initially evident on the farm on which rabbits were most abundant. The average prevalence of seropositive rabbits overall was 21% (95% CI=15-28%). Female rabbits tended to be less likely to be seropositive for RHDV than males (OR=0.47; 95% CI=0.21-1.02). The odds of becoming seropositive were reduced for rabbits born in the breeding season of 1999-2000 (OR=0.17; 95% CI=0.05-0.64). CONCLUSIONS: The temporal pattern of outbreaks measured by peaks of seroprevalence differed between closely-spaced farms when they had different rabbit densities, but were similar when rabbit densities were similar. Microclimate and vegetation influencing abundance of insect vectors for RHDV and intrinsic population-related factors like rabbit breeding behaviour are also likely to be involved in local patterns of spread.     

A serial cross-sectional study of the prevalence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on three farms in the lower North Island of New Zealand

AIM: To estimate over a 3-year period following the first release of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) the prevalence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and the abundance of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in an area that historically had low rabbit densities.

METHODS: Three farms grazing predominantly sheep and beef cattle, located close together and with low initial rabbit densities, were selected for study. RHDV had been deliberately released on all farms in December 1997. Farms were visited 2–3 times per year between June 1998 and April 2001. At each visit, rabbits were shot with the aid of spotlights at night and blood samples were collected for detection of RHDV antibodies. Rabbit carcasses were necropsied and the age of the animals was determined. Rabbit abundance on each property was measured throughout the study using spotlight night counts. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the risk of carcasses being seropositive for RHDV.

RESULTS: Rabbit density differed initially between farms (8.2, 9.9, 2.3 rabbits per spotlight km in June 1998), and declined on all three properties over time (1.2, 2.4, 1.1 rabbits per spotlight km in November 2000). Highest antibody titres to RHDV were initially evident on the farm on which rabbits were most abundant. The average prevalence of seropositive rabbits overall was 21% (95% CI=15–28%). Female rabbits tended to be less likely to be seropositive for RHDV than males (OR=0.47; 95% CI=0.21–1.02). The odds of becoming seropositive were reduced for rabbits born in the breeding season of 1999–2000 (OR=0.17; 95% CI=0.05–0.64).

CONCLUSIONS: The temporal pattern of outbreaks measured by peaks of seroprevalence differed between closely-spaced farms when they had different rabbit densities, but were similar when rabbit densities were similar. Microclimate and vegetation influencing abundance of insect vectors for RHDV and intrinsic population-related factors like rabbit breeding behaviour are also likely to be involved in local patterns of spread.     

An epidemiological study of the spread of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus amongst previously non-exposed rabbit populations in the North Island of New Zealand

AIM: To monitor the initial releases of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) into previously unexposed rabbit populations in the North Island of New Zealand. METHODS: The study programme consisted of pre-release spotlight counts of rabbits on the study farms, pre-release serological samples to check for prior exposure to RHDV, a farmer-completed questionnaire and post-release spotlight counts to measure any change in rabbit numbers following the release of RHDV. In total, 23 sites within the lower North Island where RHDV was released during the period November 1997 to June 1998, were monitored. The most common release method involved the spreading of chopped carrot bait laced with a solution of virus-infected material obtained from dead rabbits. RESULTS: Eighty percent of farmers thought that the disease had spread away from the release sites to areas where virus had not been liberated, although only 27% reported finding dead rabbits more than 300 m away from release locations. Seventy-three percent of farmers were satisfied with the overall effectiveness of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) as a means of reducing rabbit numbers, but 56% indicated they would modify the way they released the virus in the future. Average pre-release night spotlight counts per property ranged from 2.2 rabbits/km to 36.9 rabbits/km, the median being 12.8 rabbits/km. The time interval from initial release to when the first dead rabbit was seen which the farmer believed to have died from RHD varied from 3 to 21 days, the mean being 7.4 days and the median 7 days. The median change in night spotlight counts per site at 3 weeks after release, expressed as a percentage relative to pre-release counts, was -15.5% (range +18.9% to -76.9%) and at 6 weeks was -49.7% (range 0% to -76.9%). The time of the estimated peak of the disease epidemic ranged from 1 to 7 weeks after release of RHDV, the mean being 3.1 and the median 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Rabbit haemorrhagic disease reduced rabbit numbers on the majority of farms where the virus was released, and appears to be an effective measure for controlling rabbit populations in New Zealand.     

云南省楚雄州部分地区猪瘟血清学调查

为了解楚雄州部分地区的猪瘟免疫情况,利用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对楚雄市、南华县和禄丰县随机采取的393份血清进行猪瘟抗体检测,并对各县(市)的调查数据加以比较,了解猪瘟在楚雄州部分地区的免疫情况。结果显示,楚雄州部分地区均有较高的猪瘟抗体阳性率,各县(市)的猪瘟抗体阳性率都在80%以上,有的县(市)猪瘟抗体甚至达到了100%。说明楚雄州部分地区的猪瘟免疫效果较好,猪瘟免疫成功。     

An epidemiological study of the spread of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus amongst previously non-exposed rabbit populations in the North Island of New Zealand

Aim: To monitor the initial releases of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) into previously unexposed rabbit populations in the North Island of New Zealand.

Methods: The study programme consisted of pre-release spotlight counts of rabbits on the study farms, pre-release serological samples to check for prior exposure to RHDV, a farmer-completed questionnaire and post-release spotlight counts to measure any change in rabbit numbers following the release of RHDV. In total, 23 sites within the lower North Island where RHDV was released during the period November 1997 to June 1998, were monitored. The most common release method involved the spreading of chopped carrot bait laced with a solution of virus-infected material obtained from dead rabbits.

Results: Eighty percent of farmers thought that the disease had spread away from the release sites to areas where virus had not been liberated, although only 27% reported finding dead rabbits more than 300 m away from release locations. Seventy-three percent of farmers were satisfied with the overall effectiveness of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) as a means of reducing rabbit numbers, but 56% indicated they would modify the way they released the virus in the future. Average pre-release night spotlight counts per property ranged from 2.2 rabbits/km to 36.9 rabbits/km, the median being 12.8 rabbits/km. The time interval from initial release to when the first dead rabbit was seen which the farmer believed to have died from RHD varied from 3 to 21 days, the mean being 7.4 days and the median 7 days. The median change in night spotlight counts per site at 3 weeks after release, expressed as a percentage relative to pre-release counts, was -15.5% (range + 18.9% to -76.9%) and at 6 weeks was -49.7% (range 0% to -76.9%). The time of the estimated peak of the disease epidemic ranged from 1 to 7 weeks after release of RHDV, the mean being 3.1 and the median 3 weeks.

Conclusion: Rabbit haemorrhagic disease reduced rabbit numbers on the majority of farms where the virus was released, and appears to be an effective measure for controlling rabbit populations in New Zealand.     

Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in farmed rabbits

A total of 1,000 rectal samples were collected from rabbits coming from 25 rabbit farms in southern Italy. All samples were processed for isolation of Salmonella spp. by standard culture method based on the ISO 6579:2002 method. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 1/25 rabbit farms analyzed. In particular, four out of 1,000 rectal swab samples, taken from young rabbits, were serotyped as S. Typhimurium and phage typed as S. Typhimurium DT104. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (ACSSuT pentaresistance type). The findings of the present study suggest the rabbit as potential carrier of S. Typhimurium DT104.     

青岛地区兔源产气荚膜梭菌的分离鉴定及遗传多样性分析

兔的梭菌性肠炎是由产气荚膜梭菌感染引起的严重危害养兔业的一种疾病,为了更好地控制此病,本研究调查了青岛地区规模化兔场爆发此病时产气荚膜梭菌的毒素型及遗传多样性。2010年11月-2012年5月期间,采集青岛地区规模化养兔场疑似产气荚膜梭菌感染兔的肝脏进行产气荚膜梭菌的分离鉴定,采用Multiple—PCR方法对分离菌株进行毒素型分析,应用ERIC-PCR方法分析分离菌株的遗传多样性。共分离到25株产气荚膜梭菌,其中A型24株（96％）,C型1株（4％）。用ERIC—PCR方法将25株分离株分于9个聚类中,其中V型为主要流行型。结果表明：青岛地区规模化兔场中产气荚膜梭菌流行的毒素型主要为A型,且具有多种基因亚型,其中V型为主要流行型。此结果为该地区兔产气荚膜梭菌病的免疫和微生态防治提供了重要的参考依据。     

Widespread exposure to Sarcoptes scabiei in wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Spain

Sarcoptic mange was recently described in the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in north-eastern Mediterranean Spain, the first such infection reported in this species anywhere in the world. This finding has created concern in conservationists and game managers given that an outbreak of mange after a translocation would have catastrophic consequences for na?ve rabbit populations in other parts of Spain. A retrospective serosurvey using an 'in house' ELISA test based on the use of a recombinant antigen aimed at determining the rates of contact with Sarcoptes scabiei was carried out on sera from 966 rabbits collected between 1993 and 2010 in Spain. Antibodies were found in 13% of wild rabbits in 60% of the 53 areas surveyed, as well as in 16 of the 17 Spanish provinces and islands studied. Seropositive rabbits were found amongst the oldest samples analyzed and in all studied years. Antibodies were also detected in 36% of rabbits from the protected island of Dragonera, where rabbits have probably not been released since the 1970s. On Mallorca, where 89 rabbits were inspected for both lesions and antibodies, the prevalence of lesions (5.6%) was much lower than the seroprevalence (22.5%), indicating that rabbits often survive infection or that ELISA detects infected rabbits before they develop visible lesions. Seroprevalence was higher in areas with medium levels of rabbit abundance, no restocking and high rainfall. The results show that mange is widespread in rabbits and that the mite is not a recent introduction. Thus, sarcoptic mange could be considered as an enzootic disease in the wild rabbit and so prophylactic measures implemented during rabbit translocations are to be encouraged to avoid local outbreaks in na?ve populations.     

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from free-ranging deer and rabbits surrounding Minnesota dairy herds

The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) among deer and rabbits surrounding infected and noninfected Minnesota dairy farms using fecal culture, and to describe the frequency that farm management practices were used that could potentially lead to transmission of infection between these species. Fecal samples from cows and the cow environment were collected from 108 Minnesota dairy herds, and fecal pellets from free-ranging white-tailed deer and eastern cottontail rabbits were collected from locations surrounding 114 farms; all samples were tested using bacterial culture. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to 114 herd owners. Sixty-two percent of the dairy herds had at least 1 positive fecal pool or environmental sample. A total of 218 rabbit samples were collected from 90% of the herds, and 309 deer samples were collected from 47% of the herds. On 2 (4%) of the farms sampled, 1 deer fecal sample was MAP positive. Both farms had samples from the cow fecal pool and cow environment that were positive by culture. On 2 (2%) other farms, 1 rabbit fecal sample was positive by culture to MAP, with one of these farms having positive cow fecal pools and cow environmental samples. Pasture was used on 79% of the study farms as a grazing area for cattle, mainly for dry cows (75%) and bred or prebred heifers (87%). Of the 114 farms, 88 (77%) provided access to drylot for their cattle, mainly for milking cows (77/88; 88%) and bred heifers (87%). Of all study farms, 90 (79%) used some solid manure broadcasting on their crop fields. Of all 114 farms, the estimated probability of daily physical contact between cattle manure and deer or rabbits was 20% and 25%, respectively. Possible contact between cattle manure and deer or rabbits was estimated to occur primarily from March through December. The frequency of pasture or drylot use and manure spreading on crop fields may be important risk factors for transmission of MAP among dairy cattle, deer, and rabbits. Although the MAP prevalence among rabbits and deer is low, their role as MAP reservoirs should be considered.     

Attitudes of New Zealand farmers to methods used to control wild rabbits

Four years after the release of Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in New Zealand, we conducted a mail survey of farmers to ascertain their attitudes and practices about rabbit control. A multistage sampling frame (stratified by rabbit-proneness and farm type) was used to select 828 farms in eight geographical regions. The useable response proportion of the survey was 69.3%, and 21% of respondents considered rabbits to be a problem on their farms. Although practices for rabbit control had changed from 1995 to 2001, shooting (practised by 85% of respondents) remained the predominant method used (albeit less frequently than in 1995). Ten percent of farmers used RHDV baiting; of those, 90% released the virus relatively infrequently. Farmers perceived shooting to be the most-humane and environmentally safe method, while RHDV was perceived to be the most effective. Perception of the level of competition for grazing between rabbits and livestock was the factor most-strongly associated with the use of shooting and RHDV. Most (60%) respondents considered the introduction of RHDV to have been beneficial.