Lymphocytic choriomeningitis: production of antibody by "tolerant" infected mice

Newborn mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus are not immunologically tolerant to the agent but, rather, appear to make antibody to the virus. This antibody was detectable only in the kidneys, where presumably it had been deposited in the glomeruli in the form of complexes of antibody, virus, and complement.     

Stimulation of cells by antibody

Tumor cell lines exposed to immunoglobulins specific for cell surface antigens developed increased cellular incorporation of [(125)I]iododeoxyuridine and [(3)H]thymidine (up to 200-fold increases over cells treated with normal rabbit immunoglobulins). Antibody-stimulated cells multiplied more rapidly and lived longer than control cells in tissue culture. These observations were made both with cells substituted with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and purified antibody against 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, and with several cell lines and their respective whole-cell antibodies. Antibodies that were stimulatory at low concentrations were cytotoxic at high concentrations. These observations may have significance in regard to enhancing effects of antibodies on tumor cell growth in vivo.     

Erythrocyte chimerism after injection of spleen cells into anemic mice of the W-series

Anemic mice (W(v)W(v)) when injected at birth with a mixture of isologous (genotype W(v)w) and homologous spleen cells, showed an improvement in their peripheral blood picture when adult. Red blood counts, red cell size, and electrophoresis of the hemoglobins indicated that, in some cases, the homologous tissue had become implanted and, in others, the isologous tissue was functioning.     

苜蓿皂苷对X射线照射小鼠造血系统的影响

为研究苜蓿皂苷(Alfalfa saponin)对X射线照射小鼠造血系统的影响,选取雄性SPF级昆明系小鼠90只,随机分为对照组和试验组,研究25、50和100 mg/ml的苜蓿皂苷对X射线照射强度为4.0 Gy小鼠造血系统的影响和不同剂量X射线对添加25 mg/ml的小鼠造血系统的影响.结果表明:1)预防性给予25 ...     

Restoration of antibody-forming capacity in cultures of nonadherent spleen cells by mercaptoethanol

Populations of mouse spleen cells, without those cells that adhere to glass or plastic, exhibit little or no capacity for formation of antibody to sheep erythrocytes in the Mishell-Dutton culture system. When 5 x 10(-5)M mercaptoethanol is added to the culture medium, the antibody-forming capacity of these nonadherent spleen cells is restored to that of unfractionated spleen cells.     

Serum alpha globulin fraction: survival-and-recovery effect in irradiated mice

An alpha macroglobulin fraction (19S) was isolated from the serum of rats and BC(3)F(1) mice by zonal ultracentrifugation. Both the isologous and heterologous macroglobulin fractions increased survival among BC(3)F(1) mice x-irradiated with 750 roentgens. The mouse macroglobulin fraction also enhanced radiation recovery of hematopoietic tissue as measured by colony-forming assay and iron-59 incorporation into erythropoietic cells. The overall difference in hematopoietic activity in the irradiated (400 roentgens) mice treated with the macroglobulin fraction, in comparison with this activity in the controls, was three- to fivefold in the bone marrow and nine- to tenfold in the spleen between days 4 and 7 after irradiation. This effect was not obtained with the isologous serum protein fraction containing proteins of smaller molecular weight.     

Virus production by subcultured monkey-kidney cells

Cultured monkey-kidney cells, like the rabbit cells previously studied, have a relatively high folic acid requirement for growth. Subcultures can be readily prepared if the medium is supplemented with a high level of the vitamin. The sensitivity of the resultant cells to poliovirus and the yields of virus obtainable with them are the same as with primary cultures.     

玉米幼芽提取物对小鼠皮肤UVA照射损伤的保护作用

研究了玉米幼芽提取物(extract of maize plumule,EMP)对长波紫外线(UVA)损伤的小鼠皮肤超微结构、抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果表明,UVA模型小鼠真皮细胞内出现空泡变性,线粒体肿胀、嵴减少,粗面内质网和核周间隙扩张;表皮细胞微绒毛减少,细胞固缩,细胞核染色质边集。EMP保护的小鼠皮肤细胞损伤程度明显减轻,结构基本正常。EMP可显著提高UVA辐射小鼠皮肤组织中的SOD活性(P<0.01)及CAT活性(P<0.05),降低MDA含量(P<0.05),与VC的抗氧化作用一致。表明EMP能够抵抗UVA对皮肤组织的氧化损伤。     

猪脾生长抑素阳性细胞和免疫细胞的发育

用免疫组织化学技术研究猪脾生长发育过程中生长抑素 (SS)阳性细胞、IgA阳性细胞和酸性非特异性脂酶(ANAE)阳性细胞数量的变化。结果表明 ,出生时 ,猪脾SS阳性细胞数量较少 ,3日龄时数量显著增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ,2 0日龄则极显著增加 (P <0 0 1) ,并维持到 90日龄 ,12 0日龄时SS阳性细胞数量显著减少 (P <0 0 5 )。出生时 ,猪脾内就分布有IgA阳性细胞和ANAE阳性细胞 ,IgA阳性细胞数量于 2 0日龄呈显著上升趋势 ,4 5日龄达最高峰 ,于 90日龄极显著降低 (P <0 0 1) ;ANAE阳性细胞数量在 2 0日龄开始增加 ,4 5日龄时极显著增加 (P <0 0 1) ,12 0日龄时又显著降低 (P <0 0 5 )。以上结果表明 ,猪脾中SS阳性细胞的发育对免疫细胞的发育具有重要的调节作用     

Homeostasis of the antibody response: immunoregulation by NK cells

When injected into mice, the synthetic double-stranded polynucleotide poly(inosinic) X poly(cytidylic) acid induces high natural killer (NK) cell activity within 4 to 12 hours. Induction of NK activity in mice immunized 2 or 3 days previously, or the addition of NK cells to cultures immunized in vitro 2 or 3 days previously, promotes early termination of the ongoing primary immunoglobulin M antibody response. A target for NK cells is a population of accessory cells that has interacted with antigen and is necessary for sustaining the antibody response. The inference is strong that NK cells induced normally by immunization also terminate the usual antibody response in vivo by elimination of antigen-exposed accessory cells.     

Genetics of the antibody response to dextran in mice

The immune response to dextran having the alpha-1,3 linkage may be under the control of antibody structural genes. Mice that respond well to this antigen produce antibody restricted with respect to light chain class (lambda) and to an antigenic determinant resulting from a particular heavy and light chain interaction. The response to dextran is controlled by a locus linked to the-heavy chain locus.     

Reduced incidence of persistent chromosome aberrations in mice irradiated at low dose rates

A marked difference was observed between the effectiveness of high and low dose rates of ionizing radiation in producing persistent chromosome aberrations in the marrow cells of mice. Clones of cells with chromosome abnormalities were present in the marrow of all the mice previously exposed to single or fractionated doses of x-rays given at a rate of 30 rad/min. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in these mice varied from 14 to 72 percent of the cells exdmined. By contrast, none of the mice exposed to continuous gamma radiation at a low dose rate (1.45 rad/hour) showed definite clones of abnormal marrow cells, and the frequency of persistent chromosome aberrations varied from zero to 8 percent in this group.     

Human monocytic cell lines derived from cord leukocytes by co-cultivation with irradiated CM-S cells

The CM-S cell line was established from the bone marrow of a child with congenital hypoplastic anemia and resembles its monocyte-macrophage lineage. Lethally x-irradiated CM-S cells from various passages and clones, representing different stages in the progression of the transformed growth phenotype, were tested for their ability to affect the survival and proliferation of normal human cord or adult blood leukocytes in co-culture. One clone, CM-SM, which is tumorigenic in athymic mice, consistently immortalized umbilical cord mononuclear cells but did not immortalize adult peripheral blood leukocytes. Six autonomous monocyte-like diploid cell lines were obtained and all were found to be of cord origin. Three lines were tumorigenic in athymic mice. Attempts to immortalize human leukocytes with cell-free supernatants from CM-S cells were unsuccessful.     

Schistosoma mansoni: development of challenge infections in mice exposed to irradiated cercariae

The principal effect of x-irradiated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae may be to slow the migration and development of the worms of a challenge infection. This would account for the smaller number of worms found in the portal system in the early weeks and the delayed accumulation of recoverable worms and eggs.     

信号转导抑制剂对囊素刺激杂交瘤细胞抗体分泌及其mRNA表达的影响

以杂交瘤细胞为模型 ,在培养液中加入不同的信号转导抑制剂和囊素 ,用间接ELISA法测定抗体分泌水平 ,用定量RT PCR法检测抗体mRNA的表达水平。结果表明 ,加入Gα 蛋白选择性抑制剂NF 0 2 3、蛋白激酶C抑制剂GF10 92 0 3X、磷脂酰肌醇 3激酶抑制剂heparin、Ca2 /calmodulin依赖蛋白激酶Ⅱ抑制剂KN 6 2、磷脂酶C抑制剂U 7312 2和蛋白激酶G抑制剂后 ,囊素对杂交瘤细胞抗体分泌速度的影响明显 (P <0 0 1)。而加入蛋白激酶A抑制剂 4 Cyano 3 M thylisoquinoline、酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂 genistein和丝裂原活化的蛋白激酶抑制剂PD 980 5 9后 ,囊素对杂交瘤细胞抗体分泌速度的影响不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ,这 3种抑制剂对杂交瘤细胞抗体分泌速度的抑制率分别为 74 5 5 % ,91 13%和80 6 9%。加入 4 Cyano 3 M thylisoquinoline、genistein和PD 980 5 9后 ,囊素处理组与对照组γ1mRNA的表达水平差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,说明这 3种抑制剂阻断了囊素刺激的杂交瘤细胞抗体mRNA的表达。以上结果表明 ,蛋白激酶A、酪氨酸蛋白激酶和丝裂原活化的蛋白激酶参与了囊素在杂交瘤细胞中的信号转导。     

Reversal of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice without spleen cell-derived beta cell regeneration

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells is the predominant cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in humans and is modeled in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Many therapeutic interventions prevent the development of T1DM in NOD mice, but few can induce its reversal once established. Intervention with Freund's complete adjuvant, semi-allogeneic splenocytes, and temporary islet transplantation has been reported to cure NOD mice of established T1DM. Using the same approach, we report here that this treatment cured 32% of NOD mice of established diabetes (>340 milligrams per deciliter blood glucose), although beta cells in these mice were not derived from donor splenocytes.     

猪葡萄球菌感染BALB/c小鼠血清中细胞因子表达的抗体芯片分析

为分析猪葡萄球菌感染BALB/c小鼠不同时间点血清中炎性细胞因子表达的变化,收集猪葡萄球菌感染BALB/c小鼠不同感染时段(24、48 h)的血清,采用细胞因子抗体芯片技术检测32种细胞因子水平。结果显示,猪葡萄球菌感染小鼠后血清细胞因子表达水平发生了明显变化:与对照相比,感染后24 h,血清细胞因子中有5种细胞因子表达出现了显著性变化,其中表达升高2倍以上的细胞因子有4种(G-CSF、IL-6、KC、MCP-5);感染后48 h,血清细胞因子中共有4种细胞因子表达出现了显著性变化,其中表达升高2倍以上的细胞因子有3种(G-CSF、KC、MCP-5);感染24 h和48 h后IL-12的表达均显著低于对照。炎性细胞因子在猪葡萄球菌感染中发挥重要作用,利用细胞因子抗体芯片从血清中筛选猪葡萄球菌相关蛋白分子标记物是可行的。