地衣芽孢杆菌对奶牛泌乳性能的影响

试验选用80头荷斯坦泌乳奶牛,按单因子随机配对设计,研究添加地衣芽孢杆菌制剂对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明,每千克精饲料中添加20亿单位的地衣芽孢杆菌产奶性能最好(p<0.05);奶品质有了改善但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

竹叶提取物对热应激奶牛泌乳性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究竹叶提取物对热应激奶牛泌乳性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响.试验于2019年7—8月进行,试验期间日平均温湿度指数为75.87,奶牛处于自然热应激状态.选取24头体重[(559.2±37.4)kg]、泌乳天数[(185.7±16.9)d]、胎次[(3.3±0.3)胎]和产奶量[(37.6±0.8)k...     

青蒿提取物对奶牛泌乳性能、血浆免疫与抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究青蒿提取物对奶牛泌乳性能、血浆免疫与抗氧化指标的影响.采用完全随机区组设计,将2 0头中国荷斯坦奶牛按照泌乳期、体重、产奶量和胎次等相似原则随机分为4组,每组5头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加50、100、150 g/(d·头)的青蒿提取物.预试期10 d,正试期35 d.结果表明:1)...     

地衣芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨地衣芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标和血液生化指标的影响.将240只1日龄健康肉鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只,Ⅰ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础饲粮中添加50、100和200mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌制剂,试验期为28d,计算肉鸡平均日增重和平均日采食量,并采血分离血清,测定外周血中抗氧化指标和生化指标.结果表明,Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),平均日采食量虽有所升高但差异不显著(P>0.05),料重比显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组血清中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),丙二醛含量Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);血清中尿酸、尿素氮含量Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),白蛋白和总蛋白的含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活性各组间均差异不显著(P>0.05).因此,饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌50mg/kg能提高28d肉鸡的生长性能和抗氧化机能,降低血液中尿酸和尿素氮含景,提高血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量.     

海带水解物对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血清生化、抗氧化与免疫指标的影响

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of Laminaria japonica hydrolysate (LPH) on performance and serum indexes of dairy cows. Ninety high⁃yield Holstein dairy cows with similar body condition, milk yield of (41.2 ±6.6) kg / d and lactation days of (125 ±16) d were randomly divided into 3 groups with 30 cows in each group according to randomized grouping design. Cows in the three groups were fed the same basal diet, and the three groups were complementally fed 0 (control group), 15 (L group) and 30 g / (head·d) LPH (H group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: 1) dairy cows complementally fed 15 g / (head·d) LPH had no significant effects on dry matter intake and milk yield (P > 0. 05), while dairy cows complementally fed 30 g / (head · d) LPH could significantly reduce dry matter intake without affecting milk yield (P <0.05) . 2) The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH significantly increased milk protein content (P < 0. 05), and there was a trend of decrease in somatic cell number (P = 0.07), while the it had no significant effects on milk fat, lactose, total solids and milk urea nitrogen contents (P >0.05) . 3) The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH significantly decreased serum total cholesterol content (P <0.05) . Serum glucose and high density lipoprotein cholesterol contents of cows in H group were extremely significantly increased (P <0.01), serum total protein content of cows in L group had an upward trend (P = 0.06), and serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL⁃C) content in group H tended to decrease (P = 0.09) . The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH had no significant effects on the contents of albumin, triglyceride, urea nitrogen and the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in serum (P >0.05) . 4) The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH extremely significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity (P < 0. 01), significantly increased serum superoxide dismutase activity (P <0.05), and significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde content (P < 0. 05) . 5) The supplementaion of 15 or 30 g / (head·d) LPH extremely significantly increased the contents of serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G (P < 0. 01), and the supplementation of 15 g / (head · d) LPH significantly increased the content of serum immunoglobulin M (P <0.05) . In conclusion, the supplementation of 15 g / (head·d) LPH can improve serum indexes, enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cows without affecting dry matter intake and milk yield, at the same time, it can delay the decrease of milk yield, increase the milk protein content and reduce the milk somatic cell count. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Co., Ltd.     

纳豆芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对绵羊生长性能、消化性能和血清生化指标的影响

为研究纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus natto,BN)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,BS)对绵羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响,试验将体重相近的30只羊分为基础饲粮组(CK组)、基础饲粮+BN组(A组)、基础饲粮+BN+BS组(B组),每组10只。结果表明:(1)与CK组相比,A组平均日增重(ADG)提高32.29g(P<0.05),B组提高68.00g(P<0.01),A组和B组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)B组粗蛋白质的表观消化率比CK组显著提高16.31%(P<0.01),A组与CK组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)与CK组相比,A组血清尿素氮降低23.44%(P>0.05)、B组显著下降44.69%(P<0.01)。综上,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加BN可显著提高绵羊的ADG,但复合添加BS的效果更好。同时,饲粮中复合添加BN和BS可显著提高绵羊对粗蛋白质的表观消化率、降低血清尿素氮含量。     

甜菜粕颗粒对泌乳奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究甜菜粕颗粒对泌乳奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标的影响。采用完全随机试验设计,选择体重、泌乳天数(135.96±25.98)d、胎次(1~2次)、产乳量(29.78±5.42)kg和生理状态相近的48头中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,每组12头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别以3.5%、5.5%、7.5%甜菜粕颗粒(干物质基础)替换基础日粮中部分玉米和燕麦草等。试验预试期1周,正试期6周。结果表明:对照组的干物质采食量、产奶量以及乳成分与试验组无显著性差异;与对照组相比,3.5%、5.5%、7.5%甜菜粕组血清中总蛋白含量分别提高了13.75%、13.34%、8.17%(P<0.05);3.5%和5.5%试验组的球蛋白含量分别提高了18.02%、18.35%(P<0.05);5.5%试验组葡萄糖含量降低了17.76%(P<0.05);7.5%试验组每天可盈利1.28元/头。在本试验条件下,添加7.5%甜菜粕颗粒不会对机体的糖分吸收以及代谢造成影响且经济效益最佳。     

香兰素对泌乳前期奶牛产奶性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究香兰素对奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳成分及血清生化指标的影响,为香兰素在奶牛生产上的开发应用提供科学依据。选取40头健康的荷斯坦奶牛进行配对,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组20头,在相同的条件下饲养。对照组饲喂牛场全混合日粮,试验组在对照组日粮基础上添加10 g/d香兰素,预试期7 d,试验期70 d。结果表明:日粮添加10 g/d香兰素对奶牛泌乳前期的干物质采食量、产奶性能无显著影响(P0.05);日粮中添加10 g/d香兰素对泌乳前期奶牛的乳成分无显著影响(P0.05);日粮中添加10 g/d香兰素对血清生化指标无显著影响(P0.05)。得出结论:在日粮中添加10 g/d香兰素对泌乳前期奶牛的生产性能及血清生化指标无显著影响。     

日粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌对柴达木绒山羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在探究枯草芽孢杆菌对柴达木绒山羊生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标、免疫指标的影响。选取健康、体重相近的6月龄柴达木绒山羊48只,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复8只羊。对照组山羊饲喂基础日粮,枯草芽孢杆菌组在基础日粮添加5×105 CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌。预试期10 d,正式试验期60 d。结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌组山羊的末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。第30 d,与对照组相比,枯草芽孢杆菌组山羊血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。第60 d,与对照组相比,枯草芽孢杆菌组山羊血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。第30 d,与对照组相比,枯草芽孢杆菌组山羊血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、生长激素(GH)显著升高(P<0.05)。第60 d,与对照组相比,枯草芽孢杆菌组山羊血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性、白蛋白(ALB)、TC、TG、雌二醇(E₂)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。第30 d,与对照组相比,枯草芽孢杆菌组山羊血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、白细胞...     

限制哺乳对安格斯犊牛生长性能、血清免疫与抗氧化指标以及母牛繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在研究限制哺乳对安格斯犊牛生长性能、血清免疫与抗氧化指标以及母牛繁殖性能的影响.选择初生重相近、健康的安格斯初生犊牛24头,分为3组,每组8头.对照组随母哺乳,试验组限制哺乳(试验Ⅰ组每日哺乳2次,试验Ⅱ组每日哺乳3次),犊牛10日龄早期补饲,35日龄开始限制哺乳,90日龄断奶试验结束.结果表明:1)与对照组相...     

辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在探究辣木梗叶替代基础饲粮中50%苜蓿对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。选取8头产后100~150 d,经产,体重、胎次、产奶量相同或相近的健康的荷斯坦奶牛,每4头为1组分为2组进行交叉试验。试验(A)组饲喂用辣木梗叶替代基础饲粮中50%苜蓿的试验饲粮,对照(B)组饲喂基础饲粮。试验分2期进行,每期18 d,其中前15天为预试期,后3天为试验期。采集血样及奶样,并记录干物质采食(DMI)量和产奶量。结果表明:1)与B组相比,A组奶牛的DMI显著增加(P0.05),产奶量有升高的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),且显著提高了乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量和乳总固形物含量,有降低乳体细胞数的趋势(0.05≤P0.10);2)A组奶牛血浆中胆固醇(CHOL)和甘油三酯(TG)的含量显著低于B组(P0.05),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性与游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量有下降的趋势(0.05≤P0.10);3)与B组相比,A组显著提高了奶牛血浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及抑制羟自由基能力(P0.05),显著降低了血浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05),显著提高血浆中免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)的含量(P0.05)。因此,辣木梗叶在一定程度上可促进奶牛生产性能的提高,预防乳房炎的发生,改善奶牛血浆生化指标,提高奶牛机体抗氧化能力和免疫功能,可作为优质粗饲料应用于奶牛的生产实践。     

过瘤胃豆粕替代常规豆粕对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探究不同比例过瘤胃豆粕替代常规豆粕对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化指标的影响。选择胎次、体重、平均泌乳量和泌乳天数相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛60头,随机分为4组,每组15头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组用过瘤胃豆粕替代基础饲粮中12.5%的常规豆粕,试验Ⅱ组用过瘤胃豆粕替代基础饲粮中25.0%的常规豆粕,试验Ⅲ组用过瘤胃豆粕替代基础饲粮中50.0%的常规豆粕。预试期为15 d,正试期为45 d。结果表明:1)各试验组奶牛的干物质采食量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且随着过瘤胃豆粕替代比例的增加而升高,但各试验组之间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)各试验组奶牛的产奶量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且随着过瘤胃豆粕替代比例的增加而显著升高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅲ组奶牛的乳蛋白率显著高于试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅱ组奶牛的乳尿素氮含量显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.05)。各组之间奶牛的乳脂率、乳糖率、非脂乳固体、乳体细胞数差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)各试验组血浆总蛋白和葡萄糖含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且随着过瘤胃豆粕替代比例的增加而显著升高(P<0.05)。各组间血浆尿素氮含量及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,在我国规模化奶牛场应用过瘤胃豆粕替代常规豆粕可以提高奶牛的干物质采食量,改善乳成分,同时改善奶牛机体代谢。在本试验条件下,以过瘤胃豆粕替代基础饲粮中50.0%的常规豆粕效果最佳。     

凝结芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、血清生化指标及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究凝结芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、血清生化指标及肠道菌群的影响。选择健康的1日龄AV500肉鸡10 000只,随机分成2组,每组5个重复,每个重复1 000只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+300 mg/kg凝结芽孢杆菌制剂。试验期6周。结果表明:1)1~21日龄、22~42日龄试验组肉鸡死淘率显著低于对照组(P0.05),分别下降了61.7%、52.42%;22~42日龄,试验组肉鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2)21日龄试验组肉鸡的脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而肠道指数却显著低于对照组(P0.05)。42日龄试验组肉鸡的脾脏指数、胸腺指数均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)21和42日龄试验组肉鸡血清中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶活性及总蛋白、球蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)21和42日龄试验组肉鸡盲肠、回肠食糜中凝结芽孢杆菌数量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),大肠杆菌数量均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌可抑制肉鸡肠道中大肠杆菌的生长,提高免疫器官指数,降低死淘率。     

氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响。选择36头体况良好的泌乳初期的健康荷斯坦奶牛,平均泌乳天数(DIM)为(39.69±12.48) d、平均胎次为(3.02±0.64)胎。采用单因素随机试验设计,按年龄、产奶量、胎次相同或相近的原则,将36头荷斯坦奶牛区组配对后随机分为3组,每组12头奶牛,其中对照组奶牛饲喂仅添加有瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸(HMBi)的TMR日粮;试验1、2组日粮在对照组的基础上分别添加2种水平的瘤胃保护性赖氨酸,以平衡日粮中的氨基酸。结果表明,①与对照组相比,试验1、2组奶牛饲料转化率分别提高10.60%和11.26%(P>0.05),而干物质采食量没有显著变化(P>0.05),平均每日4%校正乳产量分别显著提高了8.65%和10.58%(P<0.05),并可显著或极显著增加乳脂和乳蛋白产量(P<0.05;P<0.01);饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛繁殖性能、健康状况无显著影响(P>0.05)。②饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮60 d时,奶牛血清中葡萄糖、总氨基酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验1、2组奶牛经济效益分别增加了15.09和16.36元/(头·d)。综上所述,饲喂氨基酸平衡日粮能显著提高奶牛的生产性能,具有改善奶牛代谢状况的趋势。     

Effect of Amino Acid Balance Diet on Production Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Economic Benefits in Dairy Cows

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of amino acid balance diet on production performance,serum biochemical indexes and economic benefits in dariy cows.36 healthy Holstein cows in the early lactation period were selected,the average number of lactation (DIM) was (39.69±12.48) d,the average parity was 3.02±0.64.Principle of experiments using single factor randomized experimental design accroding to age,milk yield,parity identical same or similar,the 36 Holstein cows were assigned by random block design to 3 groups,and each group were 12 cows.The control group cows were fed with TMR diets only adding rumen-protected methionine (HMBi);Diets of group 1 and 2 were on the basis of control group,respectively adding two kinds of rumen-protected lysine levels in order to balance the amino acid in diet.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the feeding conversion ratio in groups 1 and 2 were increased by 10.60% and 11.26% (P>0.05),respectively,while the dry matter intake had no significantly changed (P>0.05),the 4% average daily milk yield in groups 1 and 2 were significantly increased by 8.65% and 10.58% (P<0.05),respectively,and the milk fat and milk protein yield in groups 1 and 2 were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively.Adding amino acid balance diet had no significantly effects on reproductive performance and health conditions in dariy cows (P>0.05).② When feeding the amino acid balance diets for 60 days,the contents of GLU and TAA in serum of dairy cows were significantly increased (P<0.05),while the BUN content was significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the economic benefits of groups 1 and 2 were increased by 15.09 and 16.36 yuan/(head·d).The results indicated that feeding the amino acid balance diets could significantly improve production performance of dairy cows,and there was a tendency to improve metabolic conditions.     

糊化阴离子盐和过瘤胃氯化胆碱对围产期奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加糊化阴离子盐和过瘤胃氯化胆碱(RPC)对围产期奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。采用随机分组试验设计,选取20头健康荷斯坦奶牛,按胎次(2~4)、年龄、上一胎次泌乳量和预产期相似原则分为4组,每组5头。对照组饲喂TMR日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂TMR日粮＋200 g糊化阴离子盐基础上分别添加10、20、30 g/(头·d)RPC。预试期7 d,正试期从预产期前21 d饲喂至产犊结束。结果表明:①各试验组产前21 d大部分时间点的干物质采食量(DMI)均显著高于对照组(P< 0.05);各试验组营养物质表观消化率普遍高于对照组,其中添加20、30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率(P< 0.05),各试验组钙(Ca)表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P< 0.05),添加30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率(P< 0.05)。②各试验组产后90 d内的总泌乳量显著或极显著高于对照组(P< 0.05;P< 0.01);添加20、30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高饲料转化率(P< 0.05);添加30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高初乳中乳干物质率、乳蛋白率和乳脂率(P< 0.05)。③各试验组血清Ca²⁺含量显著高于对照组(P< 0.05);添加20、30 g/(头·d)RPC能显著提高部分时间点血浆甘油三酯(TG)含量(P< 0.05),显著降低部分时间点血浆总胆固醇(TCHO)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA)和游离脂肪酸(NEFA)的含量(P< 0.05)。综上所述,围产前期添加阴离子盐和PRC能提高奶牛产前干物质采食量和部分营养物质表观消化率,改善围产期血钙和血脂代谢,提高生产性能和饲料转化率,围产期奶牛日粮在添加200 g糊化阴离子盐的基础上,PRC的最适添加量为30 g/(头·d)。     

Effects of Pasting Anionic Salt and RPC on Production Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Perinatal Dairy Cows

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of pasting anionic salt and RPC on production performance and blood biochemical indexes of perinatal dairy cows.Using randomized trial design, 20 healthy Holstein cows which according to the tire time (2 to 4), age, last time lactation quantity and parturition date were chosen.They were divided into four groups, 5 cows per group.The control group was fed TMR diet, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ groups were fed the basal diet +200 g pasting anion salt and supplemented with 10, 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC, respectively.There were 7 days to pilot test, formal test was from antenatal 21 d to parturition.The results showed that:①DMI of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group during most of antenatal 21 days (P< 0.05);The nutrients apparent digestibility of all experimental groups were generally higher than that of control group;Add 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly increased the apparent digestibility of CP, NDF, ADF (P< 0.05);The apparent digestibility of Ca of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05);Add 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly increased the apparent digestibility of EE (P< 0.05).②Among postpartal 90 days, the total milk yield of all experimental groups were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01);Add 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly enhanced the feed conversion rate (P< 0.05);Add 30 g/(head·d) RPC was improved the percentage of milk dry matter, milk protein and milk fat of colostrum (P< 0.05).③Serum Ca²⁺ concentration of all experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05);Add 20, 30 g/(head·d) RPC was significantly increased the part time plasma TG levels (P< 0.05), significantly reduced the part time plasma contents of TCHO, BHBA and NEFA (P< 0.05).In conclusion, among the perinatal period added pasting anionic salt and RPC could improve early prenatal DMI and part nutrients apparent digestibility, improve perinatal blood calcium and blood lipid metabolism, and enhance the production performance and feed conversion rate, based on adding 200 g pasting anion salt among early perinatal, the best add amount of RPC was 30 g/(head·d).