小麦良种繁育技术

运用小麦良种繁育播前准备、规格播种、田间管理、收获运贮等四大专业化生产技术,介绍了小麦良种繁育技术要领,以保持和恢复小麦品种优良种性,实现小麦种子生产专业化,经营商品化,确保小麦生产用种安全。     

小麦良种集约化繁育技术研究

小麦是我国主要粮食作物之一,其生产水平的高低直接关系到粮食生产的安全,关系到千家万户的温饱问题,而小麦种子质量的高低直接影响小麦单产水平。随着科学技术的进步和小麦良种繁育技术的发展,农民对小麦良种的需求和良种质量标准要求越来越高。在此新形势下,我们依托本县6个国营大农场,面积达1867hm^2土地的资源优势,通过十多年的努力,     

一圃三级小麦种子生产技术的实践基础

该技术交重复繁殖和循环选择两种种子生产方法有机地结合在一起，以国外农业发达国家的种子生产方法和我国种子生产的先进技术为实践基础，解决了当前良种繁育技术中存在的问题，是适合我国现阶段物质、技术条件的种子生产先进技术之一，已在河南省小麦种子繁育中推广应用。     

小麦原种“一圃制”繁育技术

小麦“一圃制”生产原种的技术程序、可概括为“单粒点播、分株鉴定、整株去杂,混合收获”。     

小麦良种繁育技术的发展现状

在小麦种子生产的诸多系统和环节中，良种繁育技术是确保小麦种子质量和产量达到要求的最重要的环节。针对新疆、兵团小麦良种繁育技术研究与应用落后的现状，本文作者在介绍了小麦良种繁育工作发展历程、两种技术路线之后，对小麦良种繁育技术的主要方法作了综述。分析了“三圃制”方法的主要弊端，介绍了“株系循环法”、“四级种子生产程序法”、“一圃三级法”等小麦良种繁育新技术。当前应把以“株系循环法”为技术的保种圃种源保存方法，逐步过度为保种圃与低温低湿库并重的双重保种技术，最终实现小麦良种繁育技术的革新，使其技术路线、生产程序、种子类别与国际接轨。     

岐山县小麦良种繁育生产的运作与探索

总结了岐山县严格执行小麦良种生产技术操作规程、规范种子生产行为取得的成效,针对当前种业和生产体制新形势,逐步探索采取了“三个三”的应对措施,确保了小麦高产优质栽培的供种能力,为粮食安全作出了贡献。     

小麦良种繁育管理技术

从夯实播种基础,加强冬前、春季和后期管理,适期收获等方面介绍了小麦良种繁育管理技术,以期为小麦良种繁育提供技术参考.     

小麦品种的种性加工与良种繁育

小麦是我国重要的粮食作物之一，其产量高低对于保障国家粮食安全和实现人民安居乐业具有重要的战略意义。在提高小麦生产水平及单产的途径中，搞好小麦种子生产与加工是重要措施之一。尤其是加入WTO后，国外种业及优质小麦将对我国的小麦市场产生较大的冲击。因此，不仅要加强优良品种的推广，而且要对现有品种的种性进行加工提高，以进一步完善和优化品种结构，增加小麦原粮市场的竞争力，使农户的经济利益得到切实的保障。本文对小麦品种种性加工与良种繁育技术进行探讨。１小麦种性加工的理论基础对现有小麦品种进行种性的提高与再加…     

小麦良种繁育的质量控制措袍

为做好小麦良种繁育的质量控制,要采取选好用好品种、选好基地、搞好技术服务与沟通、验收等多项保障措施。     

我国小麦良种繁育体系的特点与应用

小麦是我国的主要粮食作物 ,随着《种子法》的实施和我国农民科学种田意识的增强 ,对小麦种子的需求不断增长。目前小麦品种更新换代加快 ,对新品种的需求量增大 ,这就要求加快优良品种的繁殖 ,提高种子质量。小麦为自花授粉作物 ,其混杂的主要原因是 :1剩余变异 :2机械混杂 ;3基因突变。针对小麦种子的混杂退化特点 ,广大农业科技工作者在几十年的种子生产实践中 ,探索出了多种小麦种子繁育技术 ,形成了各具特色的技术体系 ,概括起来主要是 :1三圃制、2两圃制、3一圃制、4株系循环法、5四级繁育程序、6一圃三级种子生产技术六大技术体系。…     

水分胁迫对不同小麦品种幼苗生理特性的影响

本文以4个抗旱性不同的小麦品种豫麦34、郑州9023、洛旱2号、洛旱6号为试验材料,在20%的PEG6000（w/v）渗透胁迫下,研究了不同小麦品种幼苗期的细胞膜相对透性、相对含水量、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量的变化。结果表明：在20%的PEG6000（w/v）渗透胁迫下,四个小麦品种幼苗叶片相对含水量均下降;细胞膜相对透性、可溶性糖含量均上升,且与抗旱性表现一致;而可溶性蛋白含量的变化趋势同抗旱性表现不一致。由此说明,细胞膜相对透性、相对含水量及可溶性糖含量的变化可作为小麦苗期可靠的抗旱性鉴定指标,而可溶性蛋白在小麦苗期抗旱性中的作用还需要进一步研究。     

Aneuploidy in semi dwarf wheat varieties

Summary Tall varietal impurities occurring in a number of new semi-dwarf winters wheats carrying the Norin 10 dwarfing genes Rht1 or Rht2 are causing problems at seed certification. Cytological analysis of such impurities from three varieties shows they are aneuploids and are mainly monosomic (2n=41) for chromosomes carrying semi-dwarfing genes. Because Rht1 and Rht2 act as suppressors of height, their reduced dosage as in monosomics, produces plants considerably taller than in the euploid condition.     

鲜食玉米品种综合性状及品质鉴定

为筛选出适宜包头市种植的商品性状好、适口性优的多种类型的鲜食玉米品种,对13个鲜食玉米品种进行生态适应性和品质鉴定。结果表明,甜玉米品种美珍208和双色先蜜、糯玉米品种黑宝、甜糯玉米品种佳彩甜糯采收期适宜,无病虫危害,无倒折倒伏,果穗均匀一致、无秃尖、长且粗,无空秆,产量高,品质等级1级、鲜食品质评分高,可以作为鲜食玉米主推品种在包头地区种植。     

我国小麦品种现状与管理

分析了"十五"以来我国小麦品种区试审定情况和我国小麦品种总体情况,对存在的问题提出解决对策和建议.     

Frequency and spectrum of mutations induced by radiations in some varieties of bread wheat

1. 1.
   The frequency and types of mutations induced by different dosages of X-rays, fast and thermal neutrons and beta particles from P³² and S³⁵ were studied in two fully awned (C. 591 and H. 167) and two awnless strains (N.P. 809 and H. 389) of bread wheat.     
   
   

黑小麦研究现状及育成品种分析

黑小麦是普通小麦（Triticom aestivom L．）中子粒性状比较特殊的一类小麦．其子粒呈蓝色或紫色或是二色混而有之．蛋白质含量及部分矿物质元素含量一般较高。     

The inheritance of morphological and agronomic characters in spring wheat

Summary Inheritance of yield and its component (number of ears per plant, number of spikelets per ear, number of kernels per ear, 1000-kernel weight), together with the inheritance of morphological characters (flag leaf length, flag leaf breadth, peduncle length, extrusion length and leaf sheath length) and anthesis date was studied in a 5-parent diallel cross of spring wheat varieties. The diallel analysis of gene actions indicated that a large part of the total genetic variation observed for all the characters studied was in the form of additive genetic effects. The degree of dominance was also determined for each character. Number of ears per plant showed most overdominance, followed by leaf sheath length. Full or nearly full dominance was found for anthesis date, flag leaf length and yield per plant. Other characters showed partial dominance. Correlation coefficients showed that yield per plant, as well as being correlated with the yield components, was also assiciated with flag leaf breadth and leaf sheath length. There was no evidence of genetic barriers to the combining of ideal characters among the varieties of different origin.     

Characterization of a mini core collection of Japanese wheat varieties using single-nucleotide polymorphisms generated by genotyping-by-sequencing

A core collection of Japanese wheat varieties (JWC) consisting of 96 accessions was established based on their passport data and breeding pedigrees. To clarify the molecular basis of the JWC collection, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. Phylogenetic tree and population structure analyses using these SNP data revealed the genetic diversity and relationships among the JWC accessions, classifying them into four groups; “varieties in the Hokkaido area”, “modern varieties in the northeast part of Japan”, “modern varieties in the southwest part of Japan” and “classical varieties including landraces”. This clustering closely reflected the history of wheat breeding in Japan. Furthermore, to demonstrate the utility of the JWC collection, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for three traits, namely, “days to heading in autumn sowing”, “days to heading in spring sowing” and “culm length”. We found significantly associated SNP markers with each trait, and some of these were closely linked to known major genes for heading date or culm length on the genetic map. Our study indicates that this JWC collection is a useful set of germplasm for basic and applied research aimed at understanding and utilizing the genetic diversity among Japanese wheat varieties.