囊素三肽的研究进展

<正>法氏囊是家禽体内的中枢免疫器官,在免疫反应中发挥着重要作用。Glick[1]首次发现了法氏囊提取液能够使在胚胎期切除法氏囊的小鸡法氏囊复生并且具有恢复产生特异性抗体和免疫球蛋白的能力。Audhya[2]通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析发现,法氏囊提取液中发挥主要作用的是一种三肽,是存在于禽法氏     

传染性法氏囊病强毒感染与鸡法氏囊植物凝集素受体的关系

用４种辣根过氧化物酶标记植物凝集素（ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＳＢＡ、ＲＣＡ）作探针，观察了接种传染性法氏囊病强毒（ＩＢＤＶ）和不接种毒组鸡肠、气管和法氏囊凝集素受体的变化，结果发现，接毒组法氏囊粘膜上皮存在ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＲＣＡ受体。滤泡细胞含有ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＲＣＡ、ＳＢＡ受体；未接种毒组粘膜上皮存在ＣＯＮＡ、ＳＢＡ受体，滤泡细胞仅有ＷＧＡ受体。接毒组或非接毒组肠的气管粘粘膜上皮均含有ＣＯＮＡ、Ｗ     

传染性法氏囊病强毒感染与鸡法氏囊植物凝集素受体的关系

用４种辣根过氧化物酶标记植物凝集素（ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＳＢＡ、ＲＣＡ）作探针，观察了接种传染性法氏囊病强毒（ＩＢＤＶ）和不接种毒组鸡肠、气管和法氏囊凝集素受体的变化．结果发现，接毒组法氏囊粘膜上皮存在ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＲＣＡ受体．滤泡细胞含有ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ．ＲＣＡ、ＳＢＡ受体；未接种毒组粘膜上皮存ＣＯＮＡ、ＳＢＡ受体，滤泡细胞仅有ＷＧＡ受体．接毒组或非接毒组肠和气管粘膜上皮均含有ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＲＣＡ受体．这些部分存在凝集素受体可能与ＩＢＤＶ感染有关．     

法氏囊活性肽在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

法氏囊活性肽（Bursin,BS)作为一种免疫增强剂，临床应用广泛，为了大量制备BS，按大肠杆菌惯用密码子合成BS基因。并用色氨酸将5个BS基因串联，克隆于质粒pU57的SmaI位点，经测序证明序列正确后，以PCR扩增，克隆于表达载体pBV220的EcoRI,HinDⅢ位点，温敏诱导表达，其表达水平占全菌总蛋白的13.4%。     

法氏囊在鸡淋巴细胞性白血病发生发展中的作用

用鸡淋巴细胞性白血病病毒ＲＡＶ－１株接种３５只１日龄伊莎鸡雏，于接毒后不同批次扑杀，采取法氏囊做组织学、免疫细胞化学、透射电镜观察。结果：接毒后１个月，法氏囊滤泡髓质淋巴细胞开始转化，接毒后２～５个月更明显，在法氏囊滤泡髓质区形成成淋巴细胞克隆增殖灶。接毒后６个月，法氏囊萎缩。生物素－亲和素（ＢＡ）法染色表明法氏囊一直存有病毒和群特异性抗原，以接毒后３～４个月含量最高。电镜观察，在接毒后１～４个月的实验鸡法氏囊滤泡髓质淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和网状细胞中观察到淋巴细胞性白血病（ＬＬ）病毒粒子。组织学、免疫细胞化学和电镜观察都表明法氏囊是该病的主要靶器官之一，法氏囊在鸡淋巴细胞性白血病的发生发展中起一定的作用     

禽法氏囊活性肽在畜牧业中的应用

法氏囊(BF)是禽类特有的体液免疫的中枢淋巴器官,位于泄殖腔背侧,其盲端呈囊状,朝向躯体前端,颈部以短柄朝向躯体后下方,开口于泄殖腔。三肽囊素(BS)是存在于禽BF中的一种生物     

八正散治疗鸡痛风病

八正散治疗鸡痛风病李新春（河南省镇平县兽医站４７４２５０）（一）病因饲料中粗蛋白含量过高，或钙含量偏高、钙磷比例失调；或含核蛋白和嘌呤碱丰富的饲料所占比例较高、维生素Ａ缺乏；长期服用磺胺类、杆菌肽类药；或某些传染病，如法氏囊等引起肾功能损害者均能导致...     

传染性法氏囊病病毒变异E株对法氏囊生长发育的影响

本试验全面而系统地观察了传染性法氏囊病病毒变异Ｅ株,通过泄殖腔、鼻腔和尿囊腔接种雏鸡和鸡胚后不同时间法氏囊的组织形态学变化。结果表明,病毒感染后１２～４８小时,雏鸡法囊粘膜上皮细胞肿胀、坏死脱落,淋巴滤泡髓质部及皮质部淋巴细胞不同程度变性、坏死、排空,形成腺管样结构或囊状空泡,接毒后７２～１４４小时,法氏囊淋巴滤泡淋巴细胞坏死排空,淋巴滤泡萎缩,网状结缔组织大量增生,而胚胎发育时期,法氏囊粘膜上皮肿胀变性,法氏囊淋巴滤泡形成延迟或不完整,淋巴滤泡内淋巴细胞缺乏或空虚。探讨了传染性法氏囊病病毒对胚胎发育时期的雏鸡发育时期法氏囊生长发育的影响。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒人工感染鸡病理学观察

应用组织病理学和电子显微镜技术对以传染性法氏囊病病毒不同毒株人工感染后不同感染时间鸡的法氏囊、肾脏、脾脏进行了检查。结果显示:法氏囊淋巴滤泡髓质首先被破坏,滤泡之间水肿,整个淋巴滤泡前B淋巴细胞崩解、坏死,网状细胞和巨噬细胞增生。72小时后,几乎见不到前B淋巴细胞。168小时法氏囊萎缩,上皮增生。脾脏和肾脏仅出现轻微变化。超微结构变化特征是淋巴样组织坏死,法氏囊组织中的前B淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和网状细胞内有大量约60nm的病毒颗粒,呈结晶状排列,有的细胞中可见到多个病毒结晶体。     

降钙素基因相关肽在鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育过程中的表达

应用免疫组织化学技术研究降钙素基因相关肽在鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育过程中的表达特征.结果显示,降钙素基因相关肽强阳性细胞出现于20 d胚龄至胚后14周龄的滤泡间上皮,20 d胚龄至胚后17周龄的小结相关上皮,新生雏至胚后14周龄的滤泡皮质,24 d胚龄至胚后14周龄的滤泡髓质,20 d胚龄至胚后14周龄的肌层和小动脉平滑肌.结果说明,降钙素基因相关肽表达于鸭腔上囊的不同部位及不同发育阶段;在腔上囊退化期,降钙素基因相关肽的表达表现出明显的变化特征,这可能是导致腔上囊退化的原因之一;滤泡间上皮与小结相关上皮在神经肽表达方面存在差异.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。