苗圃转让

今年顺义区苗圃绿化、美化苗木达1120多种、1．12亿株。其中油松、白皮松、华山松、雪松、桧柏、侧柏等常绿树13157亩，1650万株，占育苗总面积的23％；连翘、碧桃、榆叶梅、紫叶李、紫蔽、紫荆、月季、玫瑰、黄刺梅、黄杨、女贞等花灌木5468亩，1455万株，占育苗总面积的10％；白腊、元宝枫、栾树、国槐、银杏、合欢、龙爪槐、杜仲、千头椿、金丝柳、各种品种杨等落叶乔木37375亩，8095万株，占育苗总面积的67％。     

大丽花块根繁育和栽培技术

大丽花(Dahlia pinnata Cav)菊科，大丽花属，多年生草本，原产墨西哥，又名大丽菊、大理花、天竺牡丹、西番莲、地瓜花，具有植株粗壮、花期长、花朵硕大，品种繁多、花色鲜艳、适应性强等特点。是美化公园，布置庭院、花坛、花境以及切花陈设的较好花卉材料。大丽花为世界名花之一，目前世界约有3万多个品种，我国有500余品种。     

木棉嫁接繁育技术

木棉(Gossampinus malabarica)又名攀枝花、红棉、英雄树、烽火树,属木棉科木棉属落叶高大乔木.木棉广泛分布在我国四川、云南、贵州、广西、广东,生长在江河沿岸、山地阳坡及村边道路旁,喜光、耐高温,对土壤要求不苛刻.在四川攀枝花地区木棉树于1月-2月份开花,先花后叶,花色艳丽,有红色、金黄、淡黄色等颜色,树形高大伟岸,是优良的园林绿化树种.木棉树现是攀枝花市市花和广州市市树,在园林绿化中常作行道树、庭荫树、景园树、盆景树等.木棉经嫁接后2 a-3 a开花,嫁接苗可作盆景矮化栽培,观赏价值高.本文介绍了木棉的嫁接育苗技术.     

One compound approach combining factor-analytic model with AMMI and GGE biplot to improve multi-environment trials analysis

To improve multi-environmental trial(MET)analysis,a compound method—which combines factor analytic(FA)model with additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE)biplot—was conducted in this study.The diameter at breast height of 36 open-pollinated(OP)families of Pinus taeda at six sites in South China was used as a raw dataset.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)data of all individual trees in each site was obtained by fitting the spatial effects with the FA method from raw data.The raw data and BLUP data were analyzed and compared by using the AMMI and GGE biplot.BLUP results showed that the six sites were heterogeneous and spatial variation could be effectively fitted by spatial analysis with the FA method.AMMI analysis identified that two datasets had highly significant effects on the site,family,and their interactions,while BLUP data had a smaller residual error,but higher variation explaining ability and more credible stability than raw data.GGE biplot results revealed that raw data and BLUP data had different results in mega-environment delineation,test-environment evaluation,and genotype evaluation.In addition,BLUP data results were more reasonable due to the stronger analytical ability of the first two principal components.Our study suggests that the compound method combing the FA method with the AMMI and GGE biplot could improve the analysis result of MET data in Pinus teada as it was more reliable than direct AMMI and GGE biplot analysis on raw data.     

Review of Studies on Structural Features,Regeneration Features and Management of Natural Spruce-Fir Mixed Stand of Coniferous and Broadleaved Trees in China

Natural spruce-fir mixed stand is one of the main forest types in the world,and also has huge ecological,economic and social benefits.According to the structural characteristics and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,it is urgent and significant to develop scientific management measures for natural spruce-fir mixed stand in line with local conditions.The article outlined the characteristics of the distribution and structure, regeneration and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of natural spruce-fir forest management.The following recommendations were eventually made:1) In no cutting area,all logging activities should be banned.In a restricted cutting area,the cutting intensity should be generally controlled within 15%of the stock volume before cutting.On the commodity forest management area, the appropriate cutting intensity should be determined according to the volume per hectare,determine and classification management should be implemented in accordance with the characteristics of forest,to ensure the scientific selective cutting.2) Closure for afforestation,planting and repair planting should be adopted on vegetation-intensive land,sparse shrubs covered land and harvesting slash,in order to accelerate natural regeneration.3) The in situ conservation should be conducted in nature reserves and scientific experiment stations of rare and endangered species,such as Abies chensiensis,Picea neoveitchii,Abies vuanbaoshanensis,to reduce human destruction.4) It is supposed to collect seeds in time,establish nursery,actively establish forest, expand artificial population and promote natural regeneration.     

环保杀虫装饰涂料

蚊子、苍蝇、螳螂、臭虫、蜘蛛、蚂蚁之类害虫,在家庭、工厂、办公室、医院、学校、酒店等地,随处可见,无处不入.这些昆虫不但给人们的生活带来很多烦恼,更重要的是,他们导致疾病传播,从而严重危害人们的身体健康.所以,根除害虫,改变居住环境,早已成为人们关注的问题.     

减肥即食营养大米

肥胖是一种常见的慢性疾病,它是由于生理化机能的改变而引起的体内脂肪沉积量过多,造成体重增加,导致机体发生一系列病理、生理变化的病症.肥胖症是一种全身性代谢疾病,除引起身体外形的改变外,过多的脂肪可带来物理性的负荷,还是各种疾病的"培养箱".肥胖人群平均寿命明显低于正常体重的人群,同时肥胖症还是心血管疾病、糖尿病、脂肪肝、肿瘤的温床,它是一种营养代谢性疾病.减肥首先必须从能量的摄入入手,减少热能的吸收.     

聚氯乙烯合金生产技术

当前现代化的航天、航空、汽车、机械、电子、民用建筑、化工等行业迫切要求具备很高的力学性能及耐热、耐磨、耐化学性能的材料.因此高分子材料发展的一个重要方向就是通过对现有聚合物进行物理和化学改性,使其进一步高性能化、结构化、工程化.北京化工大学研制的聚氯乙烯合金是通过挤出机的力学、化学作用及接枝、复合技术使聚氯乙烯塑料工程化,成为物理性能可与ABS相比拟的新材料.聚氯乙烯合金具有高流动性、高韧性,完全可以代替ABS注塑计算机、电视机、冰箱、照相机、仪表等外壳.聚氯乙烯合金还具有良好的耐寒性,可制作各种规格的异型材,包括门窗、上水管道等.产品市场前景好,具有很强的竞争力,有很好的经济效益和社会效益.     

Discussion on Spatial Optimization Modeling of Water Resource Conservation Forests and Management Practice of Forest Functions

According to the unification principle of system structure and system function of the Water Resource Conservation Forests,seven factors were selected from stand spatial structure,trees structure and healthy of woods,the multifunction management optimization model target was confirmed by using nonlinearity multi-objective programming approach, and the target function-stand spatial structure homogeneity index was defined to establish spatial optimization models with restraining conditions set up in diversity of stand structure and spatial structure.The spatial structure of available typical stand in the wet land area in southern Donting Lake was optimized by means of selective cutting and reinforcement planting.The results showed that the spatial structure was improved obviously and trees diversity and stand health were not weakened.It’s suggested that the established optimization model can effectively guide multifunction management,stand structure optimization and the steadiness of ecological ecosystem and it is convenient and operable in practice,and it’s very important to protect and recover ecosystem of Water Resource Conservation Forests.     

Multi-Objective Genetic Based Pore Combination Recognition

This paper proposes an automatic method of pore combination recognition,which is an important feature to hardwood recognition.After extracting edge from wood microscopic cross-section, based on area histogram of the similar circle regions,the method classifies all regions into two classes with maximum between-class variance,so as to distinguish the pore from other textures,which are similar in shapes but different in sizes.Meanwhile, second objective function about average area of closed regions is used to improve the pore segmentation performance.At last,the method uses adjacency degree of pore set to judge pore combination.The experiments demonstrate that the task of pore segmentation can be completed successfully for all kinds of pore distribution and combination,and also the correct combinations of pores are given.     

《东北草本植物志》第1卷补正(Ⅰ)

本文是《东北草本植物志》第1卷的补充与订正。本节涉及东北产小叶型蕨类植物4科6属21种(含变种)。考证了有关文献,讨论了诸分类单位与其近亲分类单位的区别特征,订正了原书及有关文献的一些错误,提出了2个命名新组合。     

油茶12个物种花药愈伤组织诱导及继代培养

选择12个油茶物种进行花药愈伤组织的诱导,以小果油茶、普通油茶、短柱油茶、浙江红花油茶、茶陵红花油茶、多齿红花油茶诱导率较高,在40％～70％之间,其中小果油茶、普通油茶的愈伤组织诱导率高达70％。红皮糙果油茶、广西糙果油茶、茶陵红花油茶、多齿红花油茶、攸县油茶花药褐化较严重。继代培养中6-BA和KT均有较好的促进作用,小果油茶、普通油茶、短柱油茶、浙江红花油茶、茶陵红花油茶、多齿红花油茶的愈伤组织均增殖较好。油茶花药培养应以小果油茶、普通油茶、短柱油茶、浙江红花油茶、茶陵红花油茶、多齿红花油茶作为进一步试验的基本材料,开展下一步的愈伤组织增殖和脱分化试验。     

不伺更新方式的米槠林经营效果评价

对福建三明不同更新方式的米槠林经营效果进行定量评估。结果表明:林分蓄积连年生长量、林分生产力:人促更新>人工造林>天然更新;林分生物量:人促更新>天然更新>人工造林。营林生产每hm2、每年投资:人工造林>人促更新>天然更新。活立木蓄积年增长经济价值和间接经济价值:人促更新>人工造林>天然更新。3种更新方式的林分间接经济价值远大于直接经济价值。     

滨海沙地簕竹属10个竹种叶绿素荧光特性研究

通过利用叶绿素荧光测定技术测定滨海沙地簕竹属10个竹种的叶绿素荧光参数试验研究,结果表明:(1)鼓节竹、观音竹、凤尾竹的初始荧光(Fo)、可变荧光(Fv)、最大荧光(Fm)值较高于其它竹种;(2)河边竹、观音竹、青皮竹、青竿竹的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(QY)、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率(ΦPSⅡ)等值均高于其它竹种;(3)河边竹、花孝顺竹、破蔑黄竹、青竿竹的光化学猝灭系数(Qp)相对较高;(4)河边竹、青皮竹、青竿竹、鼓节竹的非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)值相对较低。综上可以看出簕竹属中河边竹、观音竹、青皮竹、青竿竹具有较好的光合生理功能,可作为沿海沙地竹子引种的优选竹种。     

BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN

Books reviwed in this article: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics , Vol. 10. Lukens , R. J.: Chemistry of Fungicidal Action Hepting , G. H.: Diseases of Forest and Shade Trees of the United States Wartenberg , A.: Systematik der niederen Pflanzen Wheeler , B. E. J.: An Introduction to Plant Diseases Cumming G. B.: The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos Bibliographie der Pflanzenschutz-Literatur Neur Folge, Band 7, Heft 1 (bearb. von W. Laux unter Mitarbeit von W. Sicker und D. Blumenbach Griffin , D. M.: Ecology of soil fungi Johnson , L. F., and Curl , E. A.: Methods for research on the ecology of soil-borne plant pathogens Booth , C.: The Genus Fusarium Annual Review of Phytopathology . Bd. 9. Hrsg. J. G. Horsfall , K. F. Baker and G. A. Zentmyer     

中国棕榈藤引种进展*

介绍了棕榈藤在中国及各省区的天然分布．阐述了海南、云南、广西、广东和台湾等省在过去40年引进纳国内外藤种及其生长情况．探讨了棕榈藤引种面临的问题。     

BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN

Book reviewed in this article: Wingfield , M. J. (Ed.), 1987: Pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode. American Phytopathological Society Symposium Series Reiss , J.: Schimmelpilze-Lebensweise, Nutzen, Schaden, Bekämpfung. Werner , D.: Pflanzliche und mikrobielle Symbiosen . Symposium in memoriam Dr. Ernst Berliner anläßlich des 75. Jahrestages der Erstbeschreibung von Bacillus thuringiensis . Darmstadt, 25, August 1986. (Bearbeitet von Dr. A. Krieg und Dr. A. M. Huger ) Waller , G. R. (Ed.): Allelochemicals. Role in Agriculture and Forestry . Diagnosing Injury to Eastern Forest Trees : A manual for identifying damage caused by air pollution, pathogens, insects and abiotic stresses. Ed. by J. S. Skelly , D. D. Davis , W. Merrill et al.     

内蒙古奈曼旗兴隆沼林场针叶树引种造林试验

内蒙古奈曼旗兴隆沼林场在１９９２年引种长白松、斑克松和小干松,以樟子松作为对照,营造试验林。到１９９９年已经基本稳定,而且生长量除小干松以外都接近于樟子松,白松树高为樟子松的１１２．５％,胸径为８８．６％,斑克松树高和胸和戏分别为樟子松的８７．５％和５４．３％,小干松树高为樟子松的２９．２％,试验认为,长白松和斑克松可以扩大造林,小干松虽然保存率比较低,生长比较缓慢,但是也已经稳定下来,应该继续进     

4种观赏地被竹的生长及扩展能力比较

对山东东平县第二苗圃4种3年生地被竹生长进行了调查,并探讨和比较了其扩展能力差异。结果表明：4种观赏地被竹高生长排序为菲白竹 > 黄条金刚竹 > 铺地竹 > 鹅毛竹,地径生长的排序为鹅毛竹 > 铺地竹 > 菲白竹 > 黄条金刚竹,菲白竹与黄条金刚竹的高径比较大,鹅毛竹与铺地竹的高径比相对较小;单位面积株数的排序是菲白竹 > 铺地竹 > 鹅毛竹 > 黄条金刚竹,菲白竹和铺地竹生长较为密集,鹅毛竹和黄条金刚竹相对稀疏;4种地被观赏竹扩展距离从大到小的排序为鹅毛竹 > 黄条金刚竹 > 铺地竹 > 菲白竹;不同竹种之间相遇时竞争能力不同,其排序为鹅毛竹 > 菲白竹 > 黄条金刚竹 > 铺地竹。