大宗淡水鱼养殖常见病的防治

<正>随着渔业养殖技术的快速发展,大宗淡水鱼养殖方式也出现了较大的转变,很多养殖户已经开始逐步改用投喂配合饲料,通过对鳙鱼、鲢鱼等肥水性鱼和团头舫、草鱼、鲤鱼、青鱼等吃食性鱼的混养比例进行科学调整,既能够明显地提高养殖效益,又能够较大幅度地节省养殖成本,导致养殖户的水产品总量日益增加,甚至吃食性鱼的亩产量已经超过1t。但是大宗淡水鱼养殖过程中存在着较多的病害,甚至病害影响程度严重,已经对大宗淡水鱼养殖造成了较大的影响。本     

淡水鱼养殖对水质的要求及生产管理

淡水鱼的养殖就是把鱼种投放到水体,并进行科学规范的饲养管理,最终获取经济效益的一种养殖方式。淡水鱼的养殖对水质具有一定的要求,一旦控制不好,往往会引发某种程度的不良影响。基于这样的现实背景,文章以"淡水鱼养殖对水质的要求及生产管理"为主要研究对象,展开探讨和分析,希望在阐述淡水鱼养殖所需水质环境的基础上,就如何进一步做好淡水鱼养殖的生产与管理提出建议与对策,以供依据和参考。     

池塘鱼菜共生综合技术的对比试验

近年来,随着池塘养殖技术的提高和养殖产量的增加,池塘水质富营养化程度加剧,不仅影响了养殖效益,而且造成水质污染加剧,水产品质量安全受到威胁。为此,2015年国家大宗淡水鱼类体系呼和浩特试验站在内蒙古土默特左旗乔庞渔场开展鱼菜共生生态养殖试验研究。鱼菜共生就是在养殖池塘种植蔬菜,水面种菜水下养鱼,利用鱼类与蔬菜的共生互补,将渔业和种植业有机结合的生态养殖模式,具有净化水质,降低池塘水体富营养化的作用。试验取得了明显的效果,现将研究结果作简要分析。     

湖北部分地区大宗淡水鱼类池塘养殖病害监测

2011-2013年,对湖北省当阳、洪湖、孝南、浠水4个地区具代表性的大宗淡水鱼养殖池塘进行病害监测,分析大宗淡水鱼类病害的种类、流行及发病特点。根据各监测点病害情况汇总发现,2011-2013年,4个监测点大宗鱼类发病特点大体趋于一致,但发病情况因地而异。4个监测点的大宗淡水鱼类在每年3-10月均有不同程度的病害发生,其中6-8月发病率最高。几种大宗淡水鱼类主要表现为草鱼的发病率与死亡率最高,其中洪湖地区草鱼甚至连续几个月的发病率均达到100%;其次是鲢鳙;鲫鳊的发病率相对较低。本文还探讨了病害发生原因及相应的防治对策,以期为湖北省大宗鱼类的病害防治提供科学依据。     

2012年大宗淡水鱼类行业分析与建议

大宗淡水鱼类产业是一个涉及区域广、规模较大的产业,在我国水产养殖中占有重要的地位。但其产业链条各环节断裂的问题一直存在,种苗、病害、饲料、养殖和加工各环节都存在一定的矛盾和问题。大宗淡水鱼类养殖是我国淡水养殖业发展的保障性主导品种,在丰富"菜篮子"、保障城乡居民食物供给和为传统产区农民增收贡献方面起着重要作用,其产业分布广、总体规模大,以小规模分散经营为主,市场大而消费平稳。     

淡水鱼养殖技术

淡水鱼类养殖是将鱼种投放到水体并加以一定的饲养管理,或对水体中的鱼类资源进行繁殖和保护,从而获得高产量鱼的生产方式。     

池塘大宗淡水鱼高产精养技术

<正>2017年笔者在灵武市东泉渔业专业合作社养殖场养殖大宗淡水鱼,现从池塘条件、放养模式、鱼种放养及消毒、配合饲料选择、投喂技术、日常管理和鱼病防治等方面就本地池塘大宗淡水鱼健康高效养殖技术总结如下,供广大养殖者参考。1池塘条件成鱼养殖以10~30亩为宜,水源充足,水质良好,水深在2.2m以上,池底平坦,易于干塘和拉网操作,淤泥不超过20cm。养殖区域水电路三通,进排水方便,并配有一定数量的深水井。根据生产需要,每3~5     

淡水鱼生态养殖需要注意的技术细节

近年来,随着淡水鱼养殖技术的不断改进及发展,我国淡水鱼产业的养殖规模不断扩大,与此同时,淡水鱼养殖过程中也出现了较多的问题。因此,在淡水鱼的养殖过程中,应为淡水鱼提供适宜生长的环境,通过合理有效的防病措施,使淡水鱼能够健康生长。本文对淡水鱼生态养殖过程中需要注意的技术细节进行了具体介绍,希望能够为同行提供参考。     

玉门市冷水资源现状及开发利用的思考

玉门市冷水资源丰富,近年来,由于大规模开荒、打井和渠道的高标准衬砌,使地下水位大幅下降,导致许多傍水而建的静水土池塘干涸,增加大宗淡水鱼养殖面积难度很大。本文对玉门市冷水资源现状及开发利用情况进行分析,提出了玉门市冷水鱼养殖发展的思路及对策。     

一例福瑞鲤急性烂鳃病发病案例及治疗

福瑞鲤是永靖县依托国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系白银综合试验站引进并大力推广的养殖新品种,在养殖过程中急性烂鳃病时常发生,给养殖户造成了经济损失。本文通过发生在试验示范点的案例分析了该病发生的原因,提出了治疗措施和预防措施,给养殖户提供参考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …