不同稀释液配方对驴精液常温保存效果的影响

为了筛选适用于驴精液常温保存的稀释液配方,试验向驴精液中添加不同剂量柠檬酸、葡萄糖或卵黄的稀释液,进行常温保存,观察各组的精子活率以分析保存效果。结果表明:柠檬酸、葡萄糖、卵黄添加量分别为17.0 g/L、15.0 g/L和15%时对驴精液常温保存的效果较好。柠檬酸添加量为17.0 g/L时保存6 h的精子活率可达0.332±0.079;葡萄糖添加量为15.0 g/L时保存6 h的精子活率可达0.353±0.032;卵黄的添加量为15%时常温保存驴精液精子活率大于0.300的时间可达60 h。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇对公猪精液常温保存的影响

以ZORLESCO(-BSA)稀释液为公猪精液常温保存基础稀释液,研究聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)含量对17℃公猪精液保存的影响。结果发现,在ZORLESCO(-BSA)稀释中液添加0.4%PVP和0.4%PVA保存的效果较好,其中以0.4%PVP保存效果最佳。     

影响波尔山羊精液低温保存效果的因素

从稀释液的组分、抗生素种类、抗氧化成分的添加等方面探讨影响波尔山羊精液保存效果的因素 ,为研究波尔山羊精液稀释液配方提供试验依据。实验结果表明 ,卵黄的加入不利于精液的保存。在稀释液中添加 5 0 μg/ml恩诺沙星比添加诺氟沙星、庆大霉素、菌特灵与青、链霉素对精液保存的效果好。此外 ,在稀释液中添加抗氧化剂褪黑激素和SOD ,可延长精子存活时间     

牛血清蛋白及大豆卵磷脂对山羊精子保存效果的影响

本实验旨在研究在精液稀释液中添加牛血清蛋白(BSA)和大豆卵磷脂对山羊精液常温保存效果的影响,并探讨常温保存山羊精液时BSA与大豆卵磷脂的最适浓度。配制6种稀释液,比较其常温保存山羊精子的效果,保存效果最好的一种作为基础稀释液。在优选稀释液中首先分别添加0、1、2、3、4 g/L BSA,在得到保存效果最佳的BSA浓度基础上分别添加0、1、2、3 g/L大豆卵磷脂,检测两者在不同浓度条件下对山羊精子活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率及保存时间的影响。结果表明:基础稀释液中添加3 g/L BSA及1g/L大豆卵磷脂的精子活力、质膜完整率及顶体完整率均显著高于其他浓度添加组,且有效存活时间为68.93 h,总存活时间为82.55 h,均为最长。每1 L蒸馏水与葡萄糖19 g、果糖19 g、柠檬酸二钠16 g、EDTA-Na2 1.7 g、BSA 3 g、大豆卵磷脂1 g、青霉素钠和硫酸链霉素各100万单位配制成的稀释液,常温保存山羊精子效果较好,适用于山羊人工授精。     

“靓精”对山羊精液液态低温保存效果的影响

为探究山羊精液液态低温保存过程中添加不同稀释倍数“靓精”对保存效果的影响。实验以稀释液中未添加靓精为对照组,在稀释液中分别添加稀释50倍、100倍、200倍、400倍的靓精为实验组,经37℃孵育后持续检测精子活力、活率。结果表明,精液孵育后,与未添加靓精对照组相比,稀释液中添加靓精的实验组精子保存时间、活率及活力均得到提高,其中添加稀释200倍靓精组,精子保存时间最长,精子活率和活力均优于其他实验组。表明稀释液中添加靓精有助于延长山羊精子保存时间,提高精子质量。     

白藜芦醇对山羊精液常温保存效果的影响

为研究白藜芦醇对山羊精液常温保存效果的影响，实验通过假阴道法采集健康黑头山羊精液，在基础稀释液中分别添加0、25、50、100、200μmol/L白藜芦醇溶液，常温保存过程中检测精子活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率、活性氧(ROS)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平。结果表明：与0μmol/L组相比，在基础稀释液中添加白藜芦醇能提高黑头山羊常温保存精子的活力、质膜完整率和顶体完整率(P<0.05)，并提升精液T-AOC水平，降低ROS及MDA含量(P<0.05)；其中黑头山羊精液常温保存时白藜芦醇的适宜添加浓度为25μmol/L。本研究证实了在精液稀释液中添加白藜芦醇可改善黑头山羊常温保存的精液品质，保存3 d对母羊受胎率无显著影响。     

不同渗透压的稀释液对猪精子保存时间的影响

人工采集的猪精液只有通过稀释 ,才能有效地延长保存时间。一般稀释液除了考虑精子需要的营养、ＰＨ值外 ,还考虑稀释液的渗透压。本试验利用添加葡萄糖的用量来调节渗透压 ,对用不同渗透压的稀释液稀释猪精液后保存时间进行探讨。1　材料与方法1 .1　分组　本试验在葡萄糖、柠檬酸三钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠基础液上用葡萄糖进行调节 ,使配制的精液稀释液具有不同的渗透压。渗透压以测定溶液的冰点下降度作为参照 ,共分 6组。具体配方见表 1。各组稀释液经 1 0磅 1 5分钟高压蒸汽消毒备用。稀释前每 1 0 0ｍｌ稀释液添加 1万单位硫酸庆大霉素…     

波尔山羊精液低温保存液的研究

主要从稀释液的组分、抗生素的种类、抗氧化成分的添加来研究保存波尔山羊精液的稀释液配方。结果表明 ,卵黄的加入不利于精液的保存。通过恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、菌特灵与青、链霉素对精液保存效果的比较 ,得出添加 5 0 μg/mL的恩诺沙星的保存效果优于其它。另外 ,抗氧化剂褪黑激素、SOD的加入可使精子的存活时间延长     

猪精子稀释液的比较试验

采用4种不同的稀释液，对猪精液的保存效果进行检查、测定。结果表明：用葡萄糖柠檬酸钠乙二胺四乙酸钠稀释液保存的精液，无论是精子活力、生存指数、保存时间或是精子总存活时间及输精效果，均优于葡萄糖氨基乙酸稀释液、葡萄糖稀释液和葡萄糖碳酸钠稀释液。     

不同稀释常温保存波尔山羊精液的效果

目前,国内外对波尔山羊精液常温保存的资料报道甚少.为了加快波尔山羊改良步伐,推广波尔山羊的统一供精,我们开展了波尔山羊精液的高倍稀释常温保存、冷冻技术的系列研究.波尔山羊精液常温保存的试验目的在于筛选组成简单,药品价廉易得,能够使波尔山羊精液在14～16℃的条件下使0.3级保存时数达到48 h的稀释液配方,现将试验结果报告如下.     

Liquid Storage of Goat Semen in Chemically Defined Extenders

The suitability of certain commercial and self‐made chemically defined extenders for liquid storage of goat semen was tested and the effects of storage temperatures, dilution rates and sperm washing and pH of extenders on the goat sperm during liquid storage were observed. Semen was collected from nine goat bucks of the Lubei White and Boer breeds using an artificial vagina. Each ejaculate after initial evaluation was diluted with a specific extender, cooled and stored at a desired temperature. Stored semen was evaluated for sperm motility and other parameters every 24 or 48 h of storage. The ranking order of the existing milk‐ and yolk‐free extenders in sustaining goat sperm motility was Androhep > Zorlesco > Beltsville thawing solution > the Tris–glucose medium. The new extender (mZA) which was formulated based on Zorlesco and Androhep was more suitable for goat sperm than Androhep. The mZAP extender with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) replaced with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) worked as efficiently as the mZA in maintaining sperm motility, membrane integrity, acrosome intactness and capacitation status. Goat sperm motility was best maintained at 5°C during liquid preservation, but decreased significantly as the temperature increased. When semen was sixfold diluted, sperm motility was maintained longer (p < 0.05) after centrifugation, but sperm motility did not differ between the centrifuged and non‐centrifuged groups when semen was 11‐fold diluted. When the extender pH was adjusted from 6.6 to 6.04, the efficiency increased significantly in both Androhep and mZAP. A forward sperm motility of 34% was maintained for 9 days when buck semen was 11‐fold diluted and stored at 5°C in mZAP, with pH adjusted to 6.04. It is concluded that for liquid storage of buck semen, the mZA extender was more suitable than other extenders; BSA can be replaced with PVA in mZA; centrifugation to remove seminal plasma can be omitted by adequate dilution; and the storage temperature and pH of extenders affected sperm motility significantly.     

Effects of taurine on plasma glucose concentration and active glucose transport in the small intestine

Taurine lowers blood glucose levels and improves hyperglycemia. However, its effects on glucose transport in the small intestine have not been investigated. Here, we elucidated the effect of taurine on glucose absorption in the small intestine. In the oral glucose tolerance test, addition of 10 mmol/L taurine suppressed the increase in hepatic portal glucose concentrations. To investigate whether the suppressive effect of taurine occurs via down‐regulation of active glucose transport in the small intestine, we performed an assay using the everted sac of the rat jejunum. Addition of taurine to the mucosal side of the jejunum suppressed active glucose transport via sodium‐glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT 1). After elimination of chloride ions from the mucosal solution, taurine did not show suppressive effects on active glucose transport. These results suggest that taurine suppressed the increase in hepatic portal glucose concentrations via suppression of SGLT 1 activity in the rat jejunum, depending on chloride ions.     

补饲不同蛋白水平日粮对北川白山羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究放牧补饲不同蛋白水平日粮对北川白山羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。选择60只(6月龄)北川白山羊作为研究对象,随机分成4组,即14%蛋白组、16%蛋白组、18%蛋白组和对照组(不补饲),每组15只,测定生产性能、血液生化指标和屠宰性能。结果显示:补饲组北川白山羊平均日增重、血清总胆固醇、尿素氮含量、葡萄糖含量、谷草转氨酶活性、宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积以及羊肉粗蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着补饲蛋白水平的增加,血清尿素氮含量呈线性增加(P<0.05),而羊肉水分含量呈线性减少(P<0.05);平均日增重、血清总胆固醇含量、血清葡萄糖含量和羊肉粗蛋白呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。结果表明:补饲不同蛋白水平日粮可以提高血清中血糖、尿素氮、总胆固醇浓度和谷草转氨酶活性,可以在一定程度上改善和提高北川白山羊的生产性能、屠宰性能及肉品质等,北川白山羊的补饲料适宜蛋白水平为16%。     

补充牛磺酸对高脂饮食C57BL/6J小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

【目的】通过建立高脂动物模型,探究牛磺酸对肥胖小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。【方法】将20只5周龄SPF级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为4组：空白组、模型组、3%牛磺酸组和5%牛磺酸组,每组5只,试验期为15周。空白组小鼠饲喂对照饲粮,模型组饲喂高脂饲粮,其余两组在模型组饲粮的基础上分别添加3%、5%的牛磺酸。试验结束前2周分别进行口服葡萄糖耐受实验（OGTT）和胰岛素耐受实验（ITT）。试验结束后乙醚麻醉眼球取血,采用颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,采集肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、附睾脂肪组织并称重,计算脏器/脂肪系数。测定血清中各项生化指标及瘦素（LEP）、脂联素（ADPN）含量,以及肝脏中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）的含量,采用油红O染色和苏木精-伊红（HE）染色分别观察肝脏脂滴分布和脂肪组织形态变化。【结果】①与空白组相比,模型组小鼠体重极显著增加（P<0.01）,血糖（GLU）及血脂指标出现异常,葡萄糖耐受和胰岛素耐受的曲线下面积极显著升高（P<0.01）,符合肥胖模型的特征。②与模型组相比,添加牛磺酸后小鼠总增重、肝脏系数和脂肪系数均极显著降低（P<0.01）;血清中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,GLU含量显著下降（P<0.05）;肝脏中TG和TC含量极显著下降（P<0.01）,ADPN含量极显著升高（P<0.01）;葡萄糖耐受和胰岛素耐受的曲线下面积均极显著降低（P<0.01）;肝脏中的脂滴数量减少,脂肪细胞的细胞截面积极显著减小（P<0.01）,细胞数量极显著增多（P<0.01）,脂肪细胞分布较均匀。【结论】牛磺酸可通过调节高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠糖脂代谢水平,改善其肝脏及脂肪的组织病理形态,可能对肝脏具有保护作用。     

牛磺酸对STZ诱导大鼠胰岛细胞外液中SOD、GSH-PX、MDA及T-AOC含量的影响

试验旨在研究牛磺酸(Tau)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)处理后的胰岛细胞保护作用,探讨牛磺酸防治糖尿病的作用机制,为应用牛磺酸防治糖尿病提供理论依据。将体重为250~300 g大鼠麻醉后,胆总管原位灌注胶原酶V,38 ℃水浴消化胰腺组织。Histopaque 1077密度梯度离心纯化胰岛细胞,DTZ检测纯度,葡萄糖刺激检测胰岛细胞活性;再将分离纯化后的胰岛细胞分成6组:正常对照组(对照组)、牛磺酸对照组、链脲佐菌素组(STZ组) 、牛磺酸高剂量组(20 mmol/L Tau组)、牛磺酸中剂量组(10 mmol/L Tau组)、牛磺酸低剂量组(5 mmol/L Tau组);培养24 h后,测定细胞外液中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的含量。结果表明,3个水平的Tau组和Tau对照组胰岛细胞外液中的SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC的含量较STZ组有明显的提高。同时3个水平的Tau组和Tau对照组胰岛细胞外液中的MDA较STZ组有明显的降低。因此,牛磺酸能够提高STZ诱导的胰岛细胞抗氧化能力,从而对胰岛细胞具有一定的保护和修复作用。     

Taurine concentrations in animal feed ingredients; cooking influences taurine content

The aim of this study was to determine the taurine content in a variety of animal feeds. There is very little information on the taurine content of ingredients used in home-prepared diets for dogs and cats, and foods fed to wild animals in captivity. This study reports the taurine content of both common and alternative feed ingredients, and compares taurine loss as a result of different methods of food preparation. Foods were selected based on their use in commercial and home-prepared diets. Animal muscle tissue, particularly marine, contained high taurine concentrations. Plant products contained either low or undetectable amounts of taurine. The amount of taurine that remained in a feed ingredient after cooking depended upon the method of food preparation. When an ingredient was constantly surrounded by water during the cooking process, such as in boiling or basting, more taurine was lost. Food preparation methods that minimized water loss, such as baking or frying, had higher rates of taurine retention.     

牛磺酸对种公猪精液品质、血清激素含量及精浆抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究牛磺酸(Tau)对种公猪性欲、精液品质、血清激素含量及精浆抗氧化能力的影响。选用24头年龄、体重相近的健康成年大约克夏种公猪,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。各组分别饲喂牛磺酸添加水平为0(对照组)、2、4、6 g/kg的饲粮,试验期90 d,分为1~45 d和46~90 d 2个阶段。结果表明:1)试验46~90 d时,添加6 g/kg牛磺酸显著提高了种公猪的性欲(P0.05)、采精量(P0.01)、精子活力(P0.05),4 g/kg牛磺酸改善了精子密度和精子畸形率(P0.05);2)与对照组相比,6 g/kg牛磺酸水平组极显著提高了种公猪血清促黄体素(LH)含量(P0.01),显著提高了睾酮(T)含量(P0.05);3)试验46~90 d时,6 g/kg牛磺酸显著降低了种公猪精浆丙二醛(M DA)含量(P0.05),显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力(P0.05),4 g/kg牛磺酸显著提高了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中长期添加牛磺酸可以调控种公猪血清激素含量,增加精浆抗氧化能力,进而增强种公猪性欲,提高种公猪精液品质,本试验条件下牛磺酸适宜添加水平为6 g/kg。     

小鼠4、8-细胞胚胎单卵裂球体外培养体系的研究

以CZB为基础培养液,培养小鼠4、8-细胞胚胎单卵裂球,研究葡萄糖、牛磺酸和猪输卵管上皮细胞共培养在其体外发育中的作用。结果表明:牛磺酸添加与否对4、8-细胞胚胎单卵裂球的囊胚发育率分别为29%、30%和14%、14%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。添加葡萄糖后,4、8-细胞胚胎单卵裂球的囊胚发育率分别为36%和19%,有显著提高(P<0.05)。含有葡萄糖而牛磺酸的添加与否对4、8-细胞胚胎单卵裂球的囊胚发育率分别为36%、38%和19%、20%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。各组内4、8-细胞胚胎单卵裂球形成的囊胚细胞数分别为(10.44±1.24～(12.43±1.18)和(7.57±0.97)～(8.48±1.16),均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。4、8-细胞胚胎单卵裂球与猪输卵管上皮细胞共培养,其囊胚发育率分别为47%和26%,囊胚细胞数分别为(17.57±1.13)和(11.43±0.92),均高于单一培养(P<0.05)。     

Dietary inclusion level and time effects of taurine on broiler performance,meat quality,oxidative status and muscle taurine content

1. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of taurine on growth performance, meat quality, oxidative status and muscle taurine content in broilers. In Experiment 1, 50 one-day-old male Cobb chicks were given a diet supplemented with 0, 0.125, 0.50, 2.00 or 8.00 g/kg taurine from 1 to 42 d of age. In Experiment 2, 80 22-d-old male Cobb chicks were given a diet supplemented with 4.00 g/kg taurine for 0, 1, 2 or 3 weeks.

2. Taurine contents of thigh and breast muscle increased linearly with increasing dietary taurine.

3. Taurine supplementation for 1, 2 and 3 weeks significantly increased the taurine content of breast muscle. The taurine contents of liver and thigh meat were significantly increased by taurine supplementation for 3 weeks. The taurine contents of thigh and breast meat from broilers given a diet supplemented with 4 g/kg taurine for 3 weeks increased to 1.89 times the concentrations of the control group.

4. There were no detrimental effects on growth performance, breast or thigh muscle yield, pH value or drip-water loss, and taurine supplementation did not affect the serum carbonyl content.

5. Serum malondialdehyde concentration was significantly decreased by taurine supplementation for 1, 2 or 3 weeks.     

东北马鹿乌兰坝品种鹿茸化学成分分析报告

经对东北马鹿乌兰坝品种三杈带血茸上、中、下３段的３种化学成分分析，结果表明，鹿茸上段氨基酸含量较高为５８００％，牛黄酸含量００６％，钙、磷分别为２３９％和４８０％，钙磷比为０５０∶１；中段氨基酸含量４９８０％，牛黄酸含量００４％。钙、磷分别为１０５９％和５６０％，钙磷比例为１８９∶１；下段氨基酸含量４２６０％，牛黄酸含量００２％，钙、磷分别为１３１２％和６３０％，钙磷比为２０８∶１。上、中、下３段平均值为：氨基酸５０１３％，牛黄酸００４％，钙、磷分别为８０７％和５５７％，钙磷比１５６∶１。东北马鹿乌兰坝品种鹿茸所测的３种生化指标明显优于东北马鹿的，比清原品系马鹿茸的稍好，但次于东·天马鹿茸的。