从民族奶业产品差异化的实践看中国奶业的自主创新

差异化是一个比较大的概念,包括很多方面,如品牌的差异化、产品的差异化、渠道的差异化等,但归根到底,是理念的差异化.大企业如此,小企业也如此.今天我通过蒙牛的几个案例,给大家介绍产品的差异化和营销管理的差异化.     

乳品促销综述

促销不是提升销量的唯一手段,但确是提升销量的重要手段.促销关乎市场兴衰,企业成败.笔者认为把促销分成如下几个方面来论述,即：一个含义,两大作用,三项原则,四方配合,五种方式.     

提高养殖企业承担社会责任水平的思考

在我国,企业社会责任还是一个较新的话题,但在人均收入跨越关键性门槛的大背景下,又是一个非常有研究意义和实践价值的领域.养殖企业社会责任缺失主要表现在工资偏低、劳动时间过长、生活居住条件艰苦、缺乏社会保障、各种权益得不到保障等方面.政府应该在提高养殖企业承担社会责任活动中起主导作用.     

气候变化 冬蜜绝产

1 什么是中蜂乱蜂团? 中蜂乱蜂团的产生是由于一群中蜂飞跑引起多群中蜂群飞逃,严重的有十几群及几十群飞逃.逃亡群会聚集在树上及建筑物上形成一个或几个大蜂团,称为乱蜂团.     

不断打造拳头产品 确保提高竞争能力

近年来,我国乳业进入了一个高速发展期,同时也步入了一个更加激烈的竞争期.就企业而言,竞争的核心是产品品质与价格.2007年各大乳品企业新产品纷纷登场,这充分表明我国乳品企业已进入一个新产品开发竞争的新阶段.那么,区域性乳品企业又该如何应对,在这场竞争中做大做强,怎样才能立于不败之地,提高竞争力呢?     

探索中蜂乱蜂团之谜

1 什么是中蜂乱蜂团? 中蜂乱蜂团的产生是由于一群中蜂飞跑引起多群中蜂群飞逃,严重的有十几群及几十群飞逃.逃亡群会聚集在树上及建筑物上形成一个或几个大蜂团,称为乱蜂团.     

新形势下中小企业财务管理模式探析

中小企业是我国国民经济的细胞,"万丈高楼平地起",任何大企业都是由小企业发展起来的,每天都有很多中小企业倒闭,又有众多小企业诞生,每一个在企业就业的人都连接着一个家庭,中小企业发展对维护社会稳定和提高人民生活水平等都有重要意义。财务管理是企业众多管理中重要的管理手段之一,对企业的兴衰起关键作用,因此,建立一套合理、有效、先进的财务管理模式对中小企业来说是重中之重,本文分析了我国中小企业传统财务管理模式,并在此基础上就如何进行财务管理模式创新提出了几点建议。     

企业坏账处理问题及对策研究

随着我国市场经济的发展,坏账损失在企业流动资产中占据着越来越大的比例.坏账损失直接影响着企业的利润,影响到国家的财政收入.本文通过坏账的涵义及核算方法,论述在企业坏账处理中存在的一些问题,提出解决坏账处理几点应对策略.     

区域性乳品企业的品牌管理战略:根据地战略

当前,中国乳业发展步入了转型期,资本和品牌的扩张越来越强,市场集中度越来越高.国内几大乳业巨头很快将完成在全国的布点任务,主要的制高点牢牢地被他们控制.这是一个大的战略布局,对处境本已艰难的区域性乳品企业来说,可谓乌云压顶,生死攸关.面临这样一种压力,面临这样一种严峻的形势,区域性乳品企业该如何应对,如何生存发展壮大呢?三色鸽乳业从2005年开始分析、研究全国的乳业形势,在2006年初已基本确定了自己的品牌战略--根据地战略.     

规模化肉牛业综合防疫体系

1　规模化肉牛业的生产特点及疫病流行的特点1 .1　生产规模大　目前 ,一般养牛企业出栏肉牛少则几千头 ,多则过万头或几万头 ,肉牛数量的增加 ,导致疫病在牛群中传播流行的速度增快。有文献指出 ,一头携带病原微生物的牛进入一个群体后 ,疫病从一头牛传给其他牛的可能数量与牛群中牛的数量( n)的关系是 N=n( n- 1 )。例如在一个只有 1 0头牛的群体与一个拥有 1 0 0头牛的群体中 ,疫病流行的速度相差 1 1 0倍。1 .2　实行集约化经营　在生产中逐步应用各种养牛设备对牛实行高密度大群饲养 ,高密度集约化饲养 ,使牛彼此间距离变小 ,一些接触…     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.