全国森林资源统计(摘要)

全 国北京天津河北山西内蒙古辽宁吉林黑龙江上海江苏浙江安徽福建江西山 东河南湖北湖 南广东广西四 川贵州云 南西藏陕西甘肃青海宁夏新疆台 湾全国森林资源统计(摘要)~~     

中国室外地上木材腐朽危害分级

以国内194个气象观测点月平均气温、月平均降水天数的数据为基础,计算出估测室外地上木材腐朽可能性的Scheffer气象指数,对室外地上木材腐朽危害等级进行划分并绘制出中国木材腐朽危害地图.南方大部分地区的Scheffer气象指数都高于70,属于木材腐朽高危害地带,此地区包括云南南部,四川大部分地区和重庆市,湖南、湖北南部、安徽南部、江西和浙江南部,以及福建、广西、贵州、广东、海南、台湾.木材腐朽危害中等地带Scheffer气象指数在35～70之间,主要位于中国的中部,一个从西到东的狭长地带,包括西藏南部、云南北部、青海部分地区、甘肃部分地区、陕西部分地区、山西部分地区、河南部分地区、湖北大部、安徽大部、江苏以及上海市.另外,北京及其周围的一小块区域也属于木材腐朽危害中等地带.北方的大部分区域,从西到东,包括西藏大部、新疆大部、内蒙古、青海大部、甘肃大部、宁夏、陕西、山西大部、河北部分地区及河南小部,腐朽的危害指数低于35,属于低危害地带.本腐朽地图为中国不同地区室外地上木材的合理使用及防护提供了参考依据.     

杨扇舟蛾的发生与防治

杨扇舟蛾又名白杨天社蛾,属鳞翅目舟蛾科. 1 分布及寄主:江西、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、江苏、浙江、福建、广东、海南、云南、四川、陕西、山西、宁夏、甘肃.寄主为杨树、旱柳.     

林业部制定灭荒主要指标

<正> 为统一基本“灭荒”要求,林业部按照分类指导的原则,最近制定了基本“灭荒”的主要指标。 一、根据我国国情,考虑降水量、立地条件、造林难易程度等多种因素,将全国划分为三种类型省(区、市)。第一种类型:上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、海南。第二种类型:北京、天津、河北、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、山东、河南、四川、贵州、云南。第三种类型:山西、内蒙古、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。     

华山松的造林技术

华山松的造林技术华山松主要分布在山西东南部、陕西南部、宁夏南部、甘肃东南部、河南西南部及青海、四川、湖北、贵州、云南等省，另外，西藏的雅鲁藏布江东部也有分布，江西庐山和内蒙的蛮汉山已引种成功。此外，辽宁省东南部山区、及华东、华中一些高山地区和内蒙古乌...     

29省(区、市)取得林木种苗行政执法授权或委托执法

《中华人民共和国种子法》颁布施行后,全国各省(区、市)林木种苗管理机构依照法律程序,积极争取获得林木种苗行政执法授权或委托执法。目前已有北京、河北、天津、山西、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、河南、山东、广东、广西、湖南、湖北、四川、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆等29省(区、市)取得林木种苗行政执法授权或委托执法,江苏、海南2省市尚未取得执法授权或委托执法。其中,《甘肃省林木种苗管理条例》规定,县级以上林木种苗管理机构依法查处林木种苗的行政案件,将林木种苗行…     

全国木结构古建筑木蜂危害风险区域划分

【目的】根据木蜂种类、分布、筑巢特性和危害程度,对全国木结构古建筑木蜂危害风险区域进行初步划分,为木结构古建筑预防性保护方案制定提供依据。【方法】查阅文献和馆藏木蜂标本信息,汇总不同种类木蜂的分布,分析木蜂筑巢特性及对木结构的危害程度;勘查各省木结构古建筑危害发生程度,记载木蜂对木结构古建筑的危害情况,综合比较后进行全国木结构古建筑木蜂危害风险区域划分。【结果】黑龙江地区无木蜂分布,内蒙古、青海、新疆、宁夏和陇东以外的甘肃仅有突眼木蜂分布,这些地区木结构古建筑未发现木蜂危害。西藏、河南、山西、山东、辽宁、吉林和甘肃陇东地区仅发现1种木蜂——黄胸木蜂。湖北、陕西、四川、河北、安徽和江苏发现有2种木蜂分布。实地勘察结果显示,河南、山西、四川、江苏和安徽均发现有木蜂轻度危害(危害程度1级);云南、贵州、湖南、江西、广东、广西、福建、浙江和海南木蜂危害发生比较严重(危害程度2级或2级以上),危害木构件的木蜂往往有3种以上。【结论】将无木蜂分布的黑龙江以及仅有突眼木蜂分布的内蒙古、青海、新疆、宁夏和陇东以外的甘肃划分为木蜂危害低风险区域(代号CB1);木结构古建筑危害发生程度较轻或暂未发现危害,但有1种或2种木蜂分布的地区划分为木蜂危害中风险区域(代号CB2);危害木构件的木蜂有3种以上且危害发生程度较重的云南、贵州、湖南、江西、广东、广西、福建、浙江和海南划分为木蜂危害高风险区域(代号CB3)。     

油松种子营养价值的研究

油松是我国独有的重要珍贵用材树种 ,资源十分丰富。主要分布在河北、山西、陕西、内蒙古、北京、天津、辽宁、宁夏、甘肃、青海、四川、湖北、山东等 1 4个省 (市、区 )。目前仅油松天然林面积就有 88万公顷 ,解放后 40多年各省又发展了大面积的油松人工林 ,其中河北有天然林     

栎树猝死病原在中国的适生区预测

利用CLIMEX生态气候模型和GIS系统,对栎树猝死病原在我国的适生区进行预测.模型分析表明:温度和湿度是栎树猝死病分布的主要气候限制因子,新疆、甘肃、内蒙古、宁夏和青海地区主要受干胁迫影响,广西、广东、江西和海南的大部分地区主要受热胁迫影响,这些地区均不适宜栎树猝死病菌生存.栎树猝死病菌适合于阴冷潮湿环境下生长,长江流域附近被划为边缘适宜区域,主要包括山东、河南、陕西、江苏和湖南的部分地区,其中还包括黑龙江、吉林和辽宁的东部地区和台湾省南部地区.适宜区域和最适宜区域主要集中在中国西南地区的四川、贵州、云南、重庆和中部的湖北,以及东南部的浙江、江苏、安徽、福建和台湾.这些区域正是我国杜鹃花属、栎属和石栎属等重要寄主的主要分布地区,提前预防该病害入侵是非常必要的.     

蝽饲养技术及防治林木害虫效果

蠋蝽 Armacuseos (Fabricius)(又名蠋敌、茶色广喙蝽),隶属半翅目 Hemiptera,蝽科 Pentaomiuae,蠋蝽属的一个种。分布于欧洲、西伯利亚、中亚、日本,以及我国的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、山东、陕西、新疆、江苏、江西、浙江、湖北、四川、甘肃、云南、贵州。在哲盟地区分布于左中、后旗。     

Evaluation of the potential index model to predict habitat suitability of forest species: the potential distribution of mountain pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus uncinata</Emphasis>) in the Iberian peninsula

Characterization of the suitability or potentiality of a territory for forest tree species is an important source of information for forest planning and managing. In this study, we compared a relatively simple methodology to generate potential habitat distribution areas that has been traditionally used in Spain (the potential index model) with a statistical modelling approach (generalized linear model). We modelled the potential distribution of mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) in the Iberian peninsula as a working example. The potential index model generated a map of habitat suitability according to the values of an index of potentiality, whose distribution has usually divided into four categories based on quartiles (from optimum to low suitability). Considering all values of the index of potentiality as presences of mountain pine resulted in a low to moderate degree of agreement between the potential index model and the generalized linear model according to the kappa coefficient. Using the cut-off value of the index of potentiality that maximized the degree of agreement between both modelling approaches resulted in a substantial similarity between the maps of the predicted distribution of mountain pine. This cut-off value did lie in the upper-third quartile of the potential index distribution (high suitability category), and roughly coincided with the upper 30th percentile. The use of statistical techniques, which have proved to be powerful and versatile for species distribution modelling, is recommended. However, the potential index model, together with the adjustments proposed here, could be a reasonably simple methodology to predict the potential distribution of forest tree species that forest managers should take into account when evaluating forestation and afforestation projects.     

基于GIS和模糊层次分析法的观景点分布区评筛——以株洲九郎山山地公园为例

在风景规划中,为对潜在观景点分布区进行有针对性的踏查,提出一种新的量化评筛方法。通过GIS和模糊层次分析法,建立观景点分布区评价体系,通过局部踏查为筛选提供筛选阈值,并在九郎山山地公园进行了案例检验,构建了包括视距适宜性、视域开阔性、驻留适宜性、交通可达性4项基本指标的观景点分布适宜性评价体系。经专家咨询、模糊层次分析法分析,得出视距适宜性、视域开阔性、驻留适宜性、交通可达性相对于观景点分布适宜性的重要度为0.331,0.323,0.161,0.185;基于GIS和模糊层次分析法,完成了九郎山山地公园观景点分布适宜性综合评价,得到评价值区间在0.02～0.74之间;根据局部踏查结果确定适宜观景点16个,在观景点分布适宜性评价中,这16点的评价值,其极小值为0.40,第一四分位数为0.43,均值为0.48±0.06,中位数为0.50。当设置筛选阈值分别取0.4,0.43,0.48,0.50时,潜在观景点分布区面积占研究区总面积的分别为16.9%,8.9%,3.6%,2.3%。对筛选结果进行检验,80.0%的点落在筛选得到的适宜范围内,本方法基本实现了对潜在观景点分布区的评筛。     

乌饭树的地理分布及潜在分布区分析

利用Bioclim模型,结合354个乌饭树地理分布点以及19个气候因子,对乌饭树在我国的潜在分布区和适宜等级进行了预测。结果表明:潜在分布区的预测结果与实际分布点吻合较好,其适生区(适宜度≥5%)主要为广西、广东、福建、浙江、江西东南部、湖南西部及贵州东部等地区;湖南、江西南部与广东、广西北部交界处的南岭地区及福建中部山地等地区为乌饭树的最适生区(≥20%)。ROC曲线的AUC值为0.819,表明预测结果很准确。极端低温、最干季降雨量、极端高温、温差是影响乌饭树分布的主要水热因子,最适宜区气候参数为:年平均温为14.7—23℃,适宜越冬的年极端低温为-3.1—13.4℃,年降雨量为948.8—1988.4mm,最干季降雨量为54.6—201mm,分布的最适宜海拔范围为3—806m之间。气候变暖将使得乌饭树潜在最适分布区面积显著缩小,现有最适生境位置发生改变。     

全球气候变化对银胶菊在中国的适生区预测的影响

银胶菊Parthenium hysterophorus L.是一种世界恶性杂草,在全球引起了巨大的经济生态损失,目前,已广泛分布在我国长江以南的地区。文章用动态模拟软件CLIMEX对银胶菊Parthenium hysterophorus L.在我国的潜在分布区进行了预测。结果表明,在当前气候条件下,银胶菊的适生区远远超出其实际分布,包括华南、西南、华中、华东及华北部分地区;并对其在A2、B1、B2和A1F1 4种气候变化情景下,银胶菊在中国潜在分布区进行了预测。在气候变化条件下,其适生范围呈向北扩展趋势,适生值明显增大,大部分原有适生区的适生度明显增大。     

Modelling and mapping the suitability of European forest formations at 1-km resolution

Proactive forest conservation planning requires spatially accurate information about the potential distribution of tree species. The most cost-efficient way to obtain this information is habitat suitability modelling i.e. predicting the potential distribution of biota as a function of environmental factors. Here, we used the bootstrap-aggregating machine-learning ensemble classifier Random Forest (RF) to derive a 1-km resolution European forest formation suitability map. The statistical model use as inputs more than 6,000 field data forest inventory plots and a large set of environmental variables. The field data plots were classified into different forest formations using the forest category classification scheme of the European Environmental Agency. The ten most dominant forest categories excluding plantations were chosen for the analysis. Model results have an overall accuracy of 76%. Between categories scores were unbalanced and Mesophitic deciduous forests were found to be the least correctly classified forest category. The model’s variable ranking scores are used to discuss relationship between forest category/environmental factors and to gain insight into the model’s limits and strengths for map applicability. The European forest suitability map is now available for further applications in forest conservation and climate change issues.     

An approach to determining forest areas with recreational potential: The case of forest areas around main transportation roads in the Maçka Region of Trabzon,Turkey

It is most important to determine areas with recreation potential that can permit sustainable use of forest resources and also meet recreational uses. Under the method described in this study, using the Geographic Information System (GIS), a spatial suitability model for recreational use was combined with a recreational priority perceptual suitability model that depends on principal component analysis (PCA) and is based on the perceptions of both recreational users and experts. Using principal component analysis, five priority components explaining 69.371% of the total variance were identified out of 12 perceptual suitability components. These components are scenic beauty, accessibility, the surface of the landscape, tree type, and forest stand condition. The recreation terrain suitability value of an area with recreational potential was assessed with the assistance of these five priority components. This enabled us to generate a recreation terrain suitability value equation and a recreation terrain suitability value scale for a potential recreation area. This applicability of this approach was demonstrated in the identification of potential recreation areas in Trabzon, Turkey.     

半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区人工林对土壤水分的适宜性分析

于2007～2010年生长季节,对侧柏、山杏、油松、柠条和山毛桃等林地土壤水分进行连续监测,并查阅相同树种和立地条件下的林分根系分布资料,以土壤水分对林木耗水满足程度作为评价指标,对半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域微地形条件下人工林对土壤水分的适宜性进行研究.结果显示:不同林分根系的垂直分布和土壤水分垂直变异相关性显著,水分...     

Variations and phenotypic correlation of growth attributes of Calliandra calothyrsus in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica

Forested land cleared for agriculture in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica rapidly loses its productivity leading to further slash-and-burn cultivation and the degradation of more forest. Contour hedgerows of Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner have been shown to reduce water runoff and soil erosion, and products of the species have a wide range of uses in the local farming community. A trial was established at 1550 m in which the locally naturalised population of C. calothyrsus was compared with seven provenances from across the species' ecological range. There was considerable variation between provenances of C. calothyrsus in all the above-ground growth variables measured and, although the local provenance performed moderately well, it was clear that there is potential to improve the suitability of the species for a range of local uses by the introduction of new provenances. One provenance combined high above-ground productivity with low fine root-length density, especially in the inter-hedgerow area: it offers particular potential for use in simultaneous agroforestry systems providing wood and foliage products whilst not imposing high levels of competition with crop plants for below-ground resources. Although there were significant differences between provenances in the distribution of roots between the hedgerow and inter-row areas, they did not differ in the distribution of roots between soil depths. There were only limited differences between provenances in the response of their subsequent growth to harvesting. However, significant block × provenance interactions suggested that the performance of C. calothyrsus provenances may be difficult to predict between sites and farmers should be encouraged to carry out trial planting of a number of provenances to find those which best match their farm environment and needs.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

紫金山风景林外来入侵物种潜在适生性评价

减少外来生物入侵造成危害的重要手段是阻止可能造成入侵的物种进入适合其生存的地区.以南京紫金山为研究对象,以3个W EB数据库为主要信息源,通过农业气候相似矩从国内外9种林业入侵物种中筛选出研究区域松材线虫、日本松干蚧、美国白蛾3种潜在的外来入侵生物,并在此基础上收集研究地区数字高程模型、高分辨率卫星遥感数据Q u ickB ird,以地理信息系统软件A rcG is 9.0为空间分析平台,确定影响潜在入侵物种空间分布的主导生物地理因子并数字化为不同的图层,通过图层叠加生成外来入侵物种潜在适生性评价图,从而为具有很高历史文化保护价值地区生物多样性保护措施的制定提供科学依据.     

Land suitability evaluation for multiple crop agroforestry planning using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis: A case study in Fiji

We present novel methods that use geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to evaluate land suitability for a set of seven agroforestry crops, with the aim to differentiate relative land suitability and its potential to achieve different benefit goals for the Sigatoka Valley, Fiji. Our first model (Land Suitability) identifies optimal areas for each crop based on readily available edaphic and environmental cultivation criteria and common GIS datasets. The second model (Weighted Maximum) uses objective approaches for weighting the relative importance of target crops to derive a multi-crop suitability map. We use the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique (a form of MCDA) to identify the relative importance of five benefit types (i.e. agroforestry initiative goals/AHP Objectives). AHP criterion weights were used to map the most important crops for different agroforestry goals. Our methods are unique among GIS-MCDA applications of land suitability analysis in that our aim was to investigate and spatially evaluate land use suitability for multiple crops on a per-crop basis, whereas the aim of most GIS-MCDA land suitability analyses is to evaluate relative suitability (e.g. low, medium, high), evaluate potential for different land uses (e.g. production, intensive, or multifunctional) or land suitability for a single crop. We conclude that the methods described can be adapted to agroforestry initiatives and other similar land use suitability applications in the Pacific region and other geographical settings.