山东省紫薇品种的调查与分类

紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)隶属于千屈菜科(Lythraceae),共有约55种,分布于亚洲东部、南部以及澳大利亚等地(中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1983;Brickell,1996),我国原产16种,另引入栽培5种(王献,2004)。栽培最为普遍的是紫薇(L.indica),该种为夏季重要观赏花木,花期长,花色艳丽,树干光洁,深受人们喜爱,在我国已有1600多年的栽培历史(牟少华等,2002),自东北南部至华南、西南各地均为常见的造景材料。     

茂兰喀斯特森林四药门花的生境特征和群落组成

对茂兰喀斯特森林中四药门花（Loropetalum subcordatum）的分布特点及群落内植物组成进行了调查和区系分析;结果为：四药门花分布于石灰岩次生灌丛和常绿落叶阔叶林内阴坡中部至山顶处,海拔较高,分布区域坡度大;群落内共有维管束植物162种,隶属73科124属;群落优势科为蔷薇科、大戟科、樟科、山茶科、桑科、芸香科、茜草科、五加科、苏木科和紫金牛科;四药门花群落科属复杂,其区系中热带成分占总属数的67.57%,主要以泛热带和热带亚洲成分为主,而温带成分占总属数的32.43%。     

西藏兰科一新纪录种——落叶石豆兰

报道西藏兰科一新记录种——落叶石豆兰,对其形态进行描述并提供照片。该种发现于西藏自治区墨脱县,海拔750~1 087 m区域,附生于树上或林中多苔藓的岩石上。凭证标本(金效华、李剑武、王喜龙、王程旺19064)分别保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)、中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园标本馆(HITBC)和西藏自治区高原生物研究所标本室(XZ,No.WXL19064)。该种与中国植物志记录的最大区别在于本种花期为11月,比中国植物志记载的晚4个月,且在开花期间叶片并没有完全脱落。     

山桏、白木乌桕育苗、嫁接试验初报

据中国科学院华南植物研究所李树刚教授的研究,乌桕属植物约有120种,广布于热带地区。其中约75%产于南美洲,25%分布于亚洲和非洲。就目前所知,我国共有10种。为了研究乌桕的矮化、密植、高产技术,     

横断山区野桂花林群落特征

野桂花(Osmanthus yunnanensis)属木犀科(Oleaceae),特产于横断山区的四川西部、云南西北部和西藏的东南部(张美珍等,1992),在四川分布的范围最广,分布于海拔1 350～2 800 m的山坡或沟边,常混生于森林中,很少形成群落.目前只发现野桂花在四川省的宝兴县东拉山、泸定县海螺沟、大邑县的西岭雪山以及崇州县的鸡冠山等地有群落分布,其中宝兴县东拉山的野桂花林的分布面积最大.世界木犀属植物共有31个种,80%分布在东亚地区,中国有26个种,是该属的分布中心(向其柏等,2004).中国木犀属植物中,仅野桂花和普通桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)有天然群落分布.据报道,普通桂花天然群落分布于福建省长汀县(董建文等,2002)、湖南省浏阳市(易继君,2006)、江西省庐山(汪德娥等,1997)和浙江省淳安县(王贤荣等,2007)等地,野桂花仅在横断山区的四川西部形成群落.关于普通桂花天然群落的研究很少,主要有种群生命表及生存分析(林勇明等,2007b)、群落物种数量特征研究(董建文等,2002;王贤荣等,2004)、群落主要树种种间关联及其对混交度的响应研究(林勇明等,2007a)以及群落特征的初步研究(汪德娥等,1997;郝日明等,2005;易继君,2006;王贤荣等,2007),对野桂花群落特征的研究更少.     

桤木不同无性系结实量与种实性状变异

桤木(Alnus cremastogyne)为桦木科(Betulaceae)桤木属落叶乔木,高达40 m,胸径达150 cm,原产四川省(郑万钧,1985;中国树木志编委会,1987).桤木属植物为世界性分布的植物,在欧洲、美洲、非洲、亚洲均有分布,共有40余种.     

莲叶桐属—广东新记录属

莲叶桐科(Hernandiaceae)的莲叶桐属(Hernandia Linn)约24种,分布于全世界的热带地区。《中国植物志》第31卷莲叶桐科及《中国种子植物科属词典》(修订版)文献中均认为莲叶桐属仅分布于我国台湾省,国外有关专著亦未提及广东省有分布。 1985年8月作者在海南岛文昌县中药普查工作中,曾采到一种生长快、抗风力强的树种,经查阅华南植物研究所收藏的海南标本及图书资料才知其分布位置。1959年,中德采集队曾在琼海县采到该植物带花标本(2168号),陈树培同志在文昌县采集的无号带花、果标本,当时被误认为是大戟科植物而未定名。后经我们研究,确认是莲叶桐科白莲叶桐,它分布于太平洋各岛屿、亚洲东南部和印度、澳大利亚东北部、非洲东部及     

2种一枝黄花叶的挥发油化学成分和抑菌活性

我国野生的一枝黄花(Solidago decurens)为菊科一枝黄花叶属植物,生长于阔叶林缘、林下、灌丛中及山坡草地上,其全草是一种传统中药(中国植物志编辑委员会,1985;徐国钧,1997),但其挥发油成分未见研究报道.同时,加拿大一枝黄花(S.canadensis)也为菊科一枝黄花叶属植物,适应力强,是近年来在我国扩散较严重且难以有效控制的入侵有害植物.     

十堰城郊发现小叶青冈野生群落

今年5月,华中师范大学生命科学院教授刘胜祥、中国科学院武汉植物研究所研究员吴金清及李晓东等,在湖北省十堰市张湾区西沟乡沙州村石门考察时,发现约3000亩小叶青冈野生群落,并现场进行了鉴定和勘测。群落中胸径在50厘米以上的小叶青冈有近百株,胸径最大可达90多厘米。小叶青冈,当地叫绸子树,属壳斗科青冈属,是常绿乔木,多生于海拔760米~     

莸属(Caryopteris)植物研究进展

莸属植物约15种,分布于亚洲中部和东部,尤以中国最多.文章对中国莸属植物的资源分布、形态特征及生物学特性、观赏特性、园林应用形式、繁殖和栽培管理等方面的研究和利用现状进行综述.鉴于莸属植物生态效益和绿化美化价值日益受到重视,对其观赏价值开发和利用提出展望.     

祁连山(北坡)水源涵养林类型划分与组成结构分析

分析结果表明：祁连山水源涵养林主要由干性灌丛林、青海云杉林、祁连圆柏林、湿性灌丛林4种森林类型组成，组成简单、结构单一，呈现高寒半干旱气候特点；青海云杉林是祁连山水源涵养林的主体，相对其它森林类型，其组成、层次结构复杂；干性灌丛林是祁连山水源涵养林的先锋林型，分布在立地条件较差的浅山地带；湿性灌丛林是地带性顶极群落类型，分布在山地森林草原带上限，调节水资源作用巨大。     

Altitudinal patterns of the flora of seed plants of Dawei Mountain in Yunnan Province, south China

Altitudinal gradient incorporates multiple resource gradients, which vary continuously in different fashions. It is important to study the mountain floristic patterns along altitudinal gradients, which reveal the regular pattern of the flora along the environmental gradients, the changing trend of biodiversity patterns along the altitudinal gradient, and relevance of biological fitness. To explore the compositional characteristics and ecological significance of floristic patterns along altitudinal gradient in China National Nature Reserve of Dawei Mountain in the southeast of Yunnan Province, field investigations have been made to the flora along the two routes of the southwest slope and the northeast slope of the said reserve, including a vertical vegetation transect. Meanwhile, further investigations have also been made to the flora of Dawei Mountain, which has been accounted for in the literature, as Flora Yunnan, The Seed Plant in Yunnan, and so on. The structural characteristics of the flora and the altitudinal distribution pattern of its floristic components were analyzed. By applying systematic cluster analysis, the altitudinal position of the dividing line of floristic changes along altitudinal gradient was detected, and the effects of the montane climate on the vertical variation of floristic composition were studied. Conclusions were put forward. This paper can be summarized as follows: (1) The obvious boundary that differentiates tropical floristic elements is located at the altitude of approximately 1,500 m; it is reasonable to stipulate the boundary line between tropical rain forests and the evergreen broad-leaved forests. (2) The vertical vegetation spectrum made by cluster analysis shows that humid rain forests are below 700 m a.s.l, montane rain forests are between 700 and 1,500 m, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests are between 1,300 and 1,800 m, and montane mossy evergreen broad-leaved forests are above 1,800 m a.s.l. Nonrepresentative montane mossy dwarf forests (above 2,100 m) in the area are distributed in windward sides and in barren land on the mountain slopes. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 894–900 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

祁连山区西藏沙棘和肋果沙棘的调查研究

青藏高原是中国沙棘的一个重要分布区。祁连山区位于青藏高原的东北部,是青海省沙棘分布最集中的地区。本区沙棘种质资源比较丰富,分布有大面积的中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.subsp.sinensis Rousi),大量的西藏沙棘(H.thibetana Schlechtend.)和肋果沙棘(H.neurocarpa S.W.Liu et T.N.He)。西藏沙棘和肋果沙棘中国仅在青藏高原上有分布。为了给合理开发利用本区的沙棘资源提供科学     

Variation of seed mass and its effects on germination in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polylepis australis</Emphasis>: implications for seed collection

South American Polylepis mountain forests are recognised as being one of the most endangered forest ecosystems in the world. Reforestation measures have been strongly recommended but may be hampered due to the very low seed germination reported for several Polylepis species. In order to facilitate reforestation we analysed the influence of seed mass on germination probability for Polylepis australis seeds in the Córdoba mountains (central Argentina). We collected seeds from 43 trees distributed throughout five woodland fragments located within two regions differing in size, topographical position, and altitude (1,900 m a.s.l. and 2,200 m a.s.l.). Seeds of Polylepis australis exhibited a great variation in terms of mass and percent seed germination among individual trees and among geographical regions. The results of logistic regression showed that germination probability was highly correlated with seed mass. However, the explained deviance significantly increased by including the region, the woodland fragment and especially the individual tree in addition to seed mass in the regression models. We conclude that selecting seeds on the basis of mass is an appropriate way to enhance germination prospects for reforestation projects. However, no absolute mass values are applicable in this context as the highest germination probabilities were reached at varying seed mass values depending on geographical region, woodland fragment or individual tree. We suggest collecting the relatively heaviest available seeds, even though the absolute seed mass may be low.     

广东莲花山不同海拔梯度下森林土壤养分和化学计量特征

为探究广东莲花山土壤有机碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）含量垂直分布特征，阐明土壤C、N、P、K生态化学计量学特征对海拔梯度的响应规律，在广东莲花山500~1 000 m区域以100 m海拔间隔进行研究。结果表明：（1）不同海拔下土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾变化范围分别是38.72~68.17、0.90~1.32、0.011~0.022、5.19~7.08 g·kg-1，土壤全氮、全磷含量随海拔梯度升高而增加，土壤有机碳、全钾含量随海拔梯度的变化，差异不显著。（2）土壤的C/N和N/P分别介于40.12~50.76、43.06~90.86间。不同海拔梯段下土壤C/N无显著差异;整体来看，土壤N/P随海拔梯度的增加呈降低趋势。（3）500~1 000 m海拔土壤速效氮含量介于0.81~2.01 mg·kg-1，均值为1.19 mg·kg-1，其中，500 m海拔下土壤速效氮含量最高，1 000 m海拔下，土壤速效氮含量值达到最小。土壤速效氮含量与土壤速效氮含量的关系呈负相关。土壤速效钾、速效磷含量在500~800 m海拔间变化幅度较小，至900 m海拔下最大。莲花山土壤养分空间分布具有一定的异质性，全氮、全磷、速效氮含量、N/P的空间变化强烈。     

Elevational change in woody tissue CO2 efflux in a tropical mountain rain forest in southern Ecuador

Much uncertainty exists about the magnitude of woody tissue respiration and its environmental control in highly diverse tropical moist forests. In a tropical mountain rain forest in southern Ecuador, we measured the apparent diurnal gas exchange of stems and coarse roots (diameter 1-4 cm) of trees from representative families along an elevational transect with plots at 1050, 1890 and 3050 m a.s.l. Mean air temperatures were 20.8, 17.2 and 10.6 degrees C, respectively. Stem and root CO(2) efflux of 13 to 21 trees per stand from dominant families were investigated with an open gas exchange system while stand microclimate was continuously monitored. Substantial variation in respiratory activity among and within species was found at all sites. Mean daily CO(2) release rates from stems declined 6.6-fold from 1.38 micromol m(-2) s(-1) at 1050 m to 0.21 micromol m(-2) s(-1) at 3050 m. Mean daily CO(2) release from coarse roots decreased from 0.35 to 0.20 micromol m(-2) s(-1) with altitude, but the differences were not significant. There was, thus, a remarkable shift from a high ratio of stem to coarse root respiration rates at the lowest elevation to an apparent equivalence of stem and coarse root CO(2) efflux rates at the highest elevation. We conclude that stem respiration, but not root respiration, greatly decreases with elevation in this transect, coinciding with a substantial decrease in relative stem diameter increment and a large increase in fine and coarse root biomass production with elevation.     

中国双相属(缓步动物门,高生熊虫科)三个新纪录种记述(英文)

本文记述了中国双相属(缓步动物门,高生熊虫科)三个新纪录种,它们是Diphascon modestum Binda.Pilato and Dastych,1984;Diphascon nobilei Binda,1969和Diphascon triodon Maucci,1996。D.modestum采自陕西省太白山2500m处(34°18’N,107°42’E),D.nobilei采自江西省铜鼓县900米处(28°31'N,114°26’E),D.triodon采自西藏自治区林芝地区3500m处(29°40'N,94°23’E)。所有标本保存于陕西师范大学生命科学学院。本文最后给出了中国双相属分种检索表。     

海拔高度对壶瓶山昆虫群落物种多样性的影响

对湖南壶瓶山江坪地区不同海拔高度的昆虫群落优势度、多样性指数和均匀度指数的差异进行了分析。指出优势度指数在海拔900 m处最低,随海拔升高而略有上升;多样性指数在海拔900~1 500 m处比较高且稳定;而均匀度指数在海拔600~1 500 m地带略高且稳定。江坪多样性值较高的指数处于海拔900~1 500 m地带,其次是高海拔的1 800 m左右物种多样性指数较高。该地区昆虫群落的优势度、多样性、均匀度三个指标均不随海拔梯度的变化而具有明显的变化     

燕山北部山地绣线菊灌丛生物量研究

绣线菊灌丛是燕山北部山地常见的退化生态系统类型,为了了解绣线菊灌丛的生长状况,对绣线菊灌丛的生物量进行了调查。结果表明：绣线菊灌丛地上生物量沿下坡-中坡-上坡的环境梯度有逐渐降低的趋势,下坡、中坡和上坡的总生物量分别为577．31g／m^2、469．78g／m^2和208．53g／m^2;绣线菊灌丛中镶嵌分布的榛子灌丛的生物量和绣线菊灌丛也有相似的变化趋势,但榛子灌丛生物量明显高于绣线菊灌丛。绣线菊灌丛中草本层生物量也随坡度的增加有逐渐降低的趋势,其生物量的变化范围为118．92～276．72g／m^2。该地区绣线菊灌丛生物量低于北方地区其他类型的灌丛。由此得出结论,绣线菊灌丛的生物量与地形条件密切相关,而且由于受到长期干扰,生物量处于较低水平。     

祁连山森林土壤的水文生态效应

祁连山水源涵养林受立地水热条件的影响和自然、历史干扰,多世代演替共存,分布占祁连山3个垂直气候带,主要由湿性灌丛林、青海云杉林、祁连圆柏林、干性灌丛林4种类型组成,6个林型即湿性灌丛林、藓类青海云杉林、灌木青海云杉林、草类青海云杉林、祁连圆柏林、干性灌丛林。调查研究表明,各类森林枯落物(层)的现存量,组成成分、持水率、持水量等均不相同。森林土壤矿质层的主要物理性质因森林类型而不同,并均随着土壤的深度呈某种规律性的变异。森林土壤的持水量主要受土壤孔隙度的影响。在祁连山林区,森林土壤的持水量较非林地(牧坡草地)土壤为高,在各森林类型中青海云杉林和灌丛林的持水量,较祁连圆柏林为高。