毛竹叶螨防治试验研究

采用随机区组设计,４种处理,即：根施竹螨灵药肥;竹腔注射氧化乐果;根施竹螨灵药肥＋竹腔注射氧化乐果;竹腔注射氧化乐果结合穴施复合肥。研究结果表明。４种处理防治效果都显著,达８８．２％以上,其中根施药肥＿竹腔注射防治效果明显好于单纯采用竹腔注射防治,其余无大差别,试验还发现,根施药肥有利于竹林快速恢复长势;竹腔注射药液比根施药肥药效更快。其结合施肥防治可兼具根施药肥促进林分生长的优点。     

中国绿刺蛾的无公害防治

采用树干注射２５％灭幼脲３号悬浮剂、１０％灭百可乳油、５０％甲胺磷乳油、２０％速灭杀丁的 ５０倍液;喷洒２５％灭幼脲３号悬浮剂２５００倍液、１０％灭百可乳没４０００倍液防治中国绿刺蛾,树干注的４种药剂的杀虫效果均达到极显著水平,其中以速灭杀丁效果最佳,３ｄ死亡率达９６．７％,４ｄ死亡率达１００％;喷雾防治的两种杀虫率３ｄ均达１００％。     

永安市毛竹叶螨种类调查及防治试验

永安市毛竹叶螨种类多、危害重。竹腔注射防治毛竹叶螨能在短期内迅速控制害螨危害,防治成本低,但不能治本;根施药肥是一种比较好的方法,能达到治标治本的目的。     

永安市毛竹叶蟥种类调查及防治试验

永安市毛竹叶螨种类多、危害重。竹腔注射防治毛竹叶螨能在短期内迅速控制螨危害,防治成本低,但不能治本;根据 施药肥是一种比较好的方法,能达到治标治本的目的。     

福建省毛竹害螨发生情况与综合治理

该文简述了福建省毛竹害螨种类、分布与危害情况 ,分析了暴发成灾的主要原因 ,提出营林技术措施、保护利用天敌与竹腔注射药物相结合的对策综合治理毛竹害螨     

卵圆蝽防治试验及其应用初报

卵圆蝽是浙江省竹林中新发生的危险性害虫,对毛竹已造成严重危害。防治试验表明,用竹腔注射甲胺磷的防治方法,效果最理想,杀虫率可达95％以上。在生产上推广应用后,取得了明显的经济效益。     

竹腔注药防治竹裂爪螨试验

选用40%氧化乐果EC、2.5%溴氰菊酯EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC 3种药剂10倍液和氨基寡糖素,对毛竹Phyllostachys pubescens进行竹腔注药防治竹裂爪螨Schizotetranychus bambusae试验。结果表明:3种药剂10倍液1000 mL加入氨基寡糖素20 g处理与未加氨基寡糖素处理竹裂爪螨减退率差异不显著,药后30 d竹裂爪螨减退率均达到90%以上;3种药剂加氨基寡糖素处理,翌年新竹数量增加为582.0～667.5株/hm~2,均显著高于未加氨基寡糖素处理;3种药剂加和未加氨基寡糖素处理,翌年新竹平均胸径增加量为2.2～3.0 cm,各处理间差异不显著,但均显著高于清水对照的0.2 cm。     

竹子叶螨的生物学及其防治技术

危害竹子的三种主要害螨——南京裂爪螨、竹裂爪螨、竹缺爪螨,在竹叶背织网或不织网危害,都在3月出蛰、11月入蛰。竹腔注药法具有经济、安全,防效达99%以上,为最佳防治方法。     

树干注射法防治美国白蛾试验初报

采用树干注射要注射４０％氧化乐果,８０％敌敌畏乳油,４０％水胺硫磷乳油,５０％甲胺磷乳油,５０％对硫磷乳油的５０倍液防治美国白蛾,其中,注射５０％甲胺磷防治幼虫,３ｄ的死亡率达１００％,并且注射速度最快,其他药剂的防治效果也都比较显著     

毛竹叶螨综合防治试验

采用5种综合防治措施防治毛竹叶螨，A--营林措施 ＋ 施药肥；B--营林措施 ＋ 施药肥 ＋ 释放捕食螨；C--营林措施 ＋ 释放捕食螨；D--释放捕食螨；E--营林措施 ＋ 施复合肥。经过2年的试验，结果表明5种措施均有良好的效果。施药肥（A、B）能够在较短的时间内降低害螨指数。释放捕食螨（D）经连续2年实施后，可取得与A、B、c相同的防治效果。施复合肥、药肥（A，B，E）在短期内对恢复竹林长势、促进新竹生长有较明显的作用。经综合评价，措施A、C和D防治效果好，成本低，收益高，环境污染小，可结合毛竹丰产培育技术因地制宜地进行大面积推广。     

施肥对猴耳环幼苗生长的影响

The effects of applying N(urea, 46% N), P(phosphate, 12% P₂O₅) and K(potassium sulphate, 54% K₂O) fertilizers on the growth performance and biomass yield of 8-month-old Archidendron clypearia seedlings were examined by L9 orthogonal array with 3 replicates in the nursery of Zengcheng Forest Farm of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. The test seedlings were potted with the subsoil of total N 0.0484%, total P 0.1518% and total K 1.2629%, and fertilized at the 2nd and 6th months with the application rates of 0, 10 and 20 mg of N, 0, 20 and 50 mg of P and 0, 10 and 20 mg of K per seedling. The results showed that the diameter at ground level(DGL), the height and the oven-dried weight biomass of 8-month-old seedlings differed significantly at P=0.05. The combined application dose of 20 mg N, 20 mg P and 0 mg K per seedling resulted in the best seedling growth and biomass yield. N fertilizer was a significant factor in the growth of DGL and height of A. clypearia seedlings. P fertilizer had no significant effects on both DGL and height, while K fertilizer only affected DGL significantly. Analysis of the leaf and root stoichiometry suggested that N may be the most single limiting nutrient, A. clypearia seedlings used N more efficiently than they used P.     

Efficacy of aerial application ofBacillus thuringiensis to controlSpodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) infesting soybean cultivations in Egypt

The calculated percentage of droplets deposition ofBacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki HD-1 Dipel 2X on the foliage of soybean plants in relation to the sensitive “Ciba Geigy” papers showed to be the highest (92.4%) after ground spray application, compared to an average of 67.4, 85.8 and 89.3% following aerial application of the same preparation in spray volumes of 10, 20 and 30 l/F, respectively. Aerial application ofB. t. showed to be more effective during the first 3 days after spraying soybean cultivations and the mortality ofSpodoptera littoralis larvae varied between 36.9–67.2% in correlation to the spray volume. The volume achieving the highest and significant suppression of infestation was 20 l/F. On the other hand, the yield of soybeans obtained from plots receiving a spray volume of 30 l/F was higher compared to plots sprayed with a volume of 20 or 10 l/F, but with no significant difference when compared to those plots receiving ground spray application.     

氮肥对黄檗一年生苗木生长的影响

采用叶面施肥的方法,对黄檗1 a生苗木进行追施氮肥试验,结果表明:施氮肥可显著促进苗木生长,其中以20 g.m-2施肥量效果最为理想,平均苗高38.6 cm,平均地径1.05 cm,平均主根长16.7 cm,平均侧根数29.7个,平均鲜重103.9 g,平均干重30.78 g,分别是对照的111%、144%、132%、182%、149%和148%;20 g.m-2是黄檗1 a生苗木的适宜氮肥追施量。     

钙对酸化处理平邑甜茶根系抗氧化酶活性及线粒体功能的影响

为探讨酸化处理及钙对酸化处理下平邑甜茶根系抗氧化酶活性及线粒体功能的影响,将平邑甜茶幼苗分2组分别置于pH3,4,5,6(对照)的1/2Hoagland营养液中及3个钙离子浓度梯度(10,20,30mmol·L-1)的pH值为3的1/2Hoagland营养液中,于第0,2,3,4天分别测定抗氧化酶活性及线粒体指标。结果表明:与对照相比,各处理的SOD,CAT酶活性在处理的第2天达到最大值,POD酶活性变化不一,pH3与pH4处理在第2天达到最大值,pH5处理在第3天达到最大值;根系线粒体膜通透性、膜电位及细胞色素c/a随着酸度增加和时间的延长逐渐降低;H2O2含量先降低后升高。低浓度外源钙(10,20mmol·L-1)处理能提高SOD,CAT,POD酶活性并维持一定时间,缓解线粒体各项功能的伤害,抑制H2O2的积累,主要表现在与单独酸处理相比H2O2含量降低了6.78%,13.43%,且20mmol·L-1钙离子缓解效果最好;30mmol·L-1钙离子处理却加剧了酸化伤害,H2O2含量上升了8.96%。酸化处理会对平邑甜茶根系造成伤害而营养液适量加钙可以缓解其伤害。     

Nitrogen absorption,translocation and distribution from urea applied in autumn to leaves of young potted apple (Malus domestica) trees

We studied the absorption, assimilation, translocation and distribution of nitrogen (N) from urea applied in autumn to leaves of 1-year-old potted Fuji/M26 apple (Malus domestica Borkh) trees. In early October, all leaves of each tree were painted with either 3% urea (enriched to 10 atom % with 15N) or water (control trees). Four trees were harvested before the treatment and N and amino acid contents were determined. Four trees from each treatment were harvested at 2, 4, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after urea or water application. Total N, amino acids and 15N in leaves, bark, xylem, shank and roots were analyzed to determine uptake and mobilization of N from urea. Most uptake of 15N by leaves occurred during the first 2 days following application of urea. The mean rate of absorption during these 2 days was 0.29 g m-2 day-1. Amino acids in leaves, bark and roots increased significantly after urea application compared with control values. The highest concentrations of amino acids in leaves and bark occurred 4 days after application, whereas the highest concentrations of amino acids in roots occurred 10 days after application. Total 15N content in leaves peaked 2 days after urea application and then decreased, whereas 15N content in roots and bark increased throughout the experiment. Total 15N content in xylem and shank was low. Leaves absorbed 35% of the 15N applied as urea, and 63.6% of absorbed 15N was translocated out of leaves within 20 days after urea application. We conclude that N from urea was converted to amino acids in leaves after foliar application in autumn, and roots and bark were the main sinks of N from urea applied to leaves.     

鹅掌楸容器育苗轻基质配方研究

选用泥炭、稻壳、森林表土、黄心土混合配制成5种轻基质配方,开展鹅掌楸容器育苗技术研究。结果表明:不同轻基质配方之间的重量,容器苗苗高、地径、根系、单株干物质重量达到极显著差异;4号轻基质配方(泥炭50%+稻壳20%+森林表土20%+黄心土10%)育苗效果最好,苗木粗壮、根系发达、基质重量较轻;1号轻基质配方(泥炭20%+稻壳50%+森林表土20%+黄心土10%)效果最差。研究认为:在鹅掌楸容器育苗生产上宜选用4号轻基质配方。     

有机肥施用量及蚯蚓投放量对茶树+橡胶林地土壤的改良效果

通过在茶树+橡胶林地内进行了有机肥施用量及蚯蚓投放量对其林地土壤改良效果的研究。结果表明,不同的有机肥(牛粪)施用量+蚯蚓投放量对其林地土壤的综合改善作用是20 kg蚯蚓+20 kg牛粪10 kg蚯蚓+20 kg牛粪5 kg蚯蚓+20 kg牛粪10 kg蚯蚓+10 kg牛粪10kg蚯蚓+5 kg牛粪20 kg牛粪对照;在施用相同数量有机肥牛粪的条件下,投放蚯蚓数量多的处理对茶树+橡胶林地土壤物理性状改善的效果大于投入数量少的处理,但投放20kg蚯蚓与投放10kg蚯蚓对其林地土壤物理性状改善作用没有明显差别。而在投放相同数量蚯蚓的条件下,则是施用牛粪多的比少的明显。各处理对茶树+橡胶林地土壤物理性状及化学性质各指标的效果较一致,并且对林地0~20 cm土层及20~40 cm土层的土壤物理性状及化学性质均有改善作用,其改善效果是0~20 cm土层优于20~40 cm土层,但差异不显著。     

松针叶绿素铜钠的研制和应用

从皂化的松针软膏制备松针叶绿索铜钠的最适工艺:叶绿酸钠澄清用水量为松针软膏重量的5倍;叶绿酸钠沉淀时,20％浓度硫酸铜溶掖用量为松针软膏重量的10—11％。按本工艺操作,叶绿素铜钠得率为松针软膏重的20—24％。 松针叶绿素铜钠是一种糊状产品,外观为兰绿色,经分析测定,产品中含有固体物质50—60％,pH10—11,叶绿素含量7000—8000毫克/公斤,吸光比2.30—3.48。应用试验表明,该产品可作化妆品中生物活性成分。     

Mortality and F1 production of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth: impact of biological and environmental parameters on efficacy

A series of experiments were conducted in which label rate (0.3 g per kg of wheat) with diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation Protect-It. Exposure studies were carried out at two levels of relative humiditiy (40% and 55%), two levels of insect density (10 or 20 adults per vial), and three levels of exposure periods. Test insects were placed in vials containing 40 g of soft white winter wheat mixed with either 0 or 0.3 g Protect-It per kg of wheat. After relating exposure periods for both insect density and relative humidity levels, highest mortality was only 16%. Mortality, regardless of the dose rate applied (0 and 0.3 g) were not significantly increased as the exposure period increased. Regardless of relative humidity (r.h.) (40% and 55%r.h.), mortality in control were not significantly increased as the exposure period increased for the same insect density. However, significant differences among the three exposure periods in 10 adults’ density in 0.3 g DE application. Mortality was significantly increased in 10 adults’ density. In this case mortality of R. dominica adults increased with the increasing of the exposure intervals. As for 20 adults’ density, mortality in 0.3 g DE application was not significantly changed along with the exposure intervals. After insects were exposed for 1, 2, or 3 week, dead and live insects were removed, and the wheat in the vial were returned to relating humidity box and kept for 8 week until F₁ adults emerged. Then, the number of F₁ adult was counted. The mean numbers of F₁ adults on untreated wheat at all density and r.h. combinations, regardless of exposure periods were significantly higher than that of 0.3 g DE- treated wheat (Fig. 3). At each density and treatment, the mean number of F₁ adults at 55% r.h. were higher that that of 40%r.h. The comparison between adult densities at each r.h. and treatment showed that adult densities influenced the F₁ production of R. dominica and F₁ adults were always higher at 20 adults’ density. The mean number of F₁ adults at each density, regardless of treatment progressively increased as the exposure period increased. Fewer progeny were produced at 10 adults’ density compared to 20 adults’ density for same exposure periods. The highest reproduction occurred in 3 week of exposure period for both insect densities. Regardless of adult densities, the mean number of F₁ adults was significantly increased as the exposure period increased (Fig. 5) for both control and 0.3 g DE treatment. Reduction of F₁ adults at 0.3 g DE application compared to control were found to be 76.88, 74.78 and 67.63% for 1, 2 and 3 week of exposure period, respectively.     

Vegetative propagation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litsea monopetala</Emphasis>, a wild tropical medicinal plant: Effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on stem cuttings

In this study we investigated the rooting ability and the growth performance of juvenile single-node leafy stem cuttings of Litsea monopetala (Roxb) Pers. collected from two mature mother trees preserved in the hill forest of Chittagong district, Bangladesh. The rooting ability of cuttings was studied under 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatments. Significantly better rooting response (p ≤ 0.05) was observed with 0.1% IBA compared to control (0% IBA). The mean number of roots and the length of the longest root of cuttings in different treatments showed no significant difference (p≤0.05). After transfer into polythene bags from non-mist propagator, rooted cuttings treated with 0%, 0.1% and 0.2% IBA demonstrated the highest (100 ± 0.00%) survival capacity. The mean number of shoots developed in cuttings in the polythene bags in first three weeks varied significantly (p≤0.05) among the treatments. Effects of three fertilizer treatments, viz. T0 (no fertilizer), T1 (10g Urea, 20g TSP, 10g MOP dissolved in 1 L water) and T2 (10g Urea, 20g TSP, 10g MOP dissolved in 2 L water) on initial growth ofstecklings were also measured over a 90-days period. The increment of leaf area of stecklings was significantly higher (p≤0.05) under T0 compared with that under T1 and T2 while the increment of stem length, collar diameter and root biomass varied insignificantly among different fertilizer treatments. The results suggest that rooting juvenile single-node leafy stem cuttings could be an effective mean of regenerating L. monopetala. The application of 0.1% IBA concentration is recommended for rooting of juvenile leafy stem cuttings and application of fertilizer appeared unnecessary for the subsequent growth of stecklings in polythene bags.