摄食对大口黑鲈消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的影响

试验从摄食方面研究食物对大口黑鲈主要消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶分泌的影响,对摄食后主要消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力进行了研究。结果表明,摄食对蛋白酶活力影响:摄食后1h胃蛋白酶降低,至摄食后4 h升高到平稳水平(P>0.05);幽门盲囊蛋白酶活力摄食后开始降低,而从摄食后4 h开始升高(P<0.05);肠道蛋白酶活力摄食后1 h出现升高,摄食后4 h降到最低,10 h又升高到较大活力。摄食对淀粉酶活力影响:胃淀粉酶活力摄食后开始降低,摄食后4h又升高到最大(P<0.05);肠道淀粉酶活力摄食后开始升高,至摄食后4 h达到稳定(P>0.05);幽门盲囊淀粉酶活力在摄食后开始降低,到摄食后4h升高到较高活力,并保持到摄食后10 h;摄食后1 h肝脏淀粉酶活力便保持在较高水平(P>0.05)。     

大口黑鲈和小口黑鲈的营养和饲料

大口黑鲈和小口黑鲈的营养和饲料ＴｈｏｍａｓＭ．Ｂｒａｎｄｔ１前言大口黑鲈（Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｔｅｒｕｓｓａｌｍｏｉｄｅｓ）和小口黑鲈（Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｔｅｒｕｓｄｏｌｏｍｉｅｕｉ）是黑鲈属鱼类中仅有的被大量养殖种类。大口黑鲈原产于美国中西部和东北部及墨西哥东北...     

饥饿对异育银鲫体成分及蛋白酶和淀粉酶的影响

对饥饿过程中异育银鲫鱼种营养成分和内源酶的变化进行了研究。结果表明,随着饥饿时间的延长,体重和含肉率会逐渐下降,水分含量有所上升;粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量明显下降,在饥饿32 d时,粗蛋白和粗脂肪都明显下降(P<0.05);在整个饥饿过程中钙含量的变化不大。饥饿对肠道和肝胰脏淀粉酶影响趋势相同,都是先下降、后上升、再下降,其中肝胰脏淀粉酶在饥饿20 d时达最大,肠道在饥饿32 d时达最大。肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的变化趋势是:先下降、后上升、再下降、最后又上升,其中饥饿20 d时,酶活性最大,比对照组上升了37.6%(P<0.05);而肠道蛋白酶活性变化趋势是:先上升、后下降、再上升、最后又下降,在饥饿32 d时,其蛋白酶活性最大,比对照组上升了34.5%(P<0.05)。表明在饥饿过程中,鱼体营养成分的变化与其消化系统内蛋白酶和淀粉酶有一定的相关性。     

饥饿胁迫对鲤肠道与肝脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of starvation on digestive enzymes activity of the carp （Cyprinus carpio） at the water temperature 18 -20℃ in the cycle and flow water aquarium. The experiment was designed for four groups with three replication,which were 0 day（control） , 10 days, 20 days, 30days group. The results showed That there was a trend to drop first and keep stabilization for Cyprinus carpio body weight and Meat Content with the prolongatin of starvation, and that Effect of starvation stress on the the activity of protease in intestine and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio was significant, with the prolongatin of starvation, there was a trend to increase then drop for the activity of protease in fore-gut, mid-gut hind-gut and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio. And that the variatin for activityof amylase in fore-gut was significant butthat of the others was no significant.     

周期性“饥饿-再投喂”对大口黑鲈幼鱼补偿生长的影响

在水温(26.5±1.2)℃下,将体质量(45.70±0.56)g的大口黑鲈Micropterus salmoides幼鱼分为4组,饲养在采光大棚内的30m2水泥池中,每池40尾,D0组每天饱食投喂2次,D1、D2、D3组分别投喂6d、5d、4d,饥饿1d、2d、3d,持续8周,每组3个重复池塘,研究周期性“饥饿-再投喂”对大口黑鲈幼鱼补偿生长的影响。结果发现,随着每周饥饿天数的增加,大口黑鲈的末体质量和增重率均不同程度下降,但D1组与D0组无显著差异(P>0.05)。大口黑鲈的日摄食量随饥饿时间的增加而显著提高(P<0.05),但各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。D1组的饲料利用效率和蛋白质效率与D0组无显著差异(P<0.05);而D2和D3组显著低于D0组(P<0.05)。试验结束时,鱼体粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量随饥饿时间增加而下降。D3组鱼的胃和肠道蛋白酶活性显著低于D0组(P<0.05);D1组的胃和肠道脂肪酶活性较高;D1和D2组胃淀粉酶活性较高,肠道淀粉酶活性则随着饥饿时间增加显著上升(P<0.05)。饥饿使大口黑鲈血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量降低,血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性增加。血清生长激素水平随着饥饿时间增加而上升,类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ水平则下降(P<0.05)。结果表明:每周投喂6d饥饿1d的大口黑鲈饲料转化效率较高,实现了完全补偿生长,可供集约化养殖的科学投喂参考。     

大口黑鲈人工繁殖和胚胎发育

<正> 大口黑鲈(Micropterus Salmoides)原产于美洲的淡水河湖中,为肉食性温水鱼类。其肉质细嫩,肉味鲜美,营养丰富,且生长快,病害较少,容易饲养。在一般情况下,养殖一周年体重可达0.6～0.8公斤,是一种高经济价值的名贵鱼类。 1984年广东省引进该鱼进行试养。1987年3～4月进行了人工繁殖试验,经过催产,自然受精与孵化,获得了一批鱼苗。现将试验情况介绍如下。     

杂交鲟主要消化器官蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力的初步研究

鲟鱼属于辐鳍亚纲（Actinopterygii）硬鳞总目（Ganoidomorpha）鲟形目（Acipenseriforms）犤１犦，为软骨硬鳞鱼，是地球上现存最古老的脊椎动物类群之一，被誉为“活化石”，大多数为介于温水性鱼类和冷水性鱼类之间的亚冷水性鱼类。其肉厚骨软，营养丰富，味道鲜美，具有很高的经济价值，有“黑色黄金”之称。尤其用鲟鱼卵加工成的鲟鱼籽酱，更是驰名中外的高档食品，是欧美各国的国宴珍品，素有绿宝石之称。鲟鱼皮可制胶，同时也是高档的皮革原料；其软骨具有抗癌作用，可直接食用，实为高级营养保健食品。但是，由于全球范围内对鲟鱼…     

大口黑鲈

从十月开始,大口黑鲈进入成鱼上市阶段,除以前介绍过的捕大留小,减少密度,促进尚未达到商品规格快速生长,以便在年底前绝大部分能够达到上市场规格。     

大口黑鲈

一、养殖和管理 经过几个月的精心养殖,池塘养殖的大口黑鲈已达到上市规格（0．4kg以上）,要及时注意鱼类的生长情况,采用捕大留小的方法,将部分达到上市规格的大口黑鲈上市。     

硫辛酸对大口黑鲈氧化应激相关酶活性的影响

为研究硫辛酸对大口黑鲈抗氧化性能的影响,通过腹腔注射不同浓度硫辛酸评估其对大口黑鲈抗氧化酶活性的影响.该试验挑选60尾健康大口黑鲈随机分成3组,根据鱼体质量分别注射含有不同剂量的硫辛酸,设定对照组(0 mg/kg)、T20组(20 mg/kg)和T40组(40 mg/kg),注射6h、12h、24 h后分离其血清和肝脏...     

维生素C对大口黑鲈生长与非特异性免疫的影响

以不同维生素C水平(添加量分别为0、500、1000、2000和4000mg·kg-1)的5种饲料喂养初始体重为19g左右的大口黑鲈1个月,每个处理50尾鱼,各处理3个重复,研究维生素C对大口黑鲈生长及非特异性免疫的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加维生素C能显著促进大口黑鲈的生长和脾体指数(P<0·05),然而对大口黑鲈的成活率以及肝体指数等不产生影响(P>0·05);饲料中添加维生素C能显著促进大口黑鲈血清中超氧化物歧化酶活力和溶菌酶活力(P<0·05);随着饲料中维生素C添加水平的提高,大口黑鲈肝脏中维生素C的积累量显著升高(P<0·05)。实验证明,Vc作为免疫刺激剂能有效地提高大口黑鲈的生长与非特异性免疫能力。     

Digestibility of nutrients and amino acids of different protein sources in practical diets by largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacepéde, 1802)

This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, protein, lipid, energy, calcium, phosphorus, and essential and non‐essential amino acid availability of animal and plant protein sources in practical diets for the carnivorous fish, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (8.0±0.5 g; 10.0±0.3 cm). Fish were conditioned to accept artificial feed and those stocked in plastic cages were fed pelleted test diets. Diets contained 30% of the ingredient tested mixed with 70% of a reference ration (RD) containing 40 g 100 g^?1 of crude protein, 19.85 kJ g^?1 crude energy, and 0.5% of chromic oxide. Cages were then transferred to cylindrical, conical‐bottomed aquaria (200 L) where the faeces were collected by sedimentation in a refrigerated container. All the tested ingredients had high ADCs for protein and lipid; ADCs of amino acids of varying protein sources showed significant differences (P<0.01). Plant protein sources did not significantly influence the ADCs of diets. The results allow the inference that the availability of amino acids in plant and animal protein sources varies considerably.     

Temporal genetic structure of an intergrade largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) population

Since 1972, numerous impoundments throughout Texas have been stocked with Florida largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus. In order to examine some of the long-term effects of such efforts, the present study summarizes past studies and complements those with more current observations on the intergrade largemouth bass population in Aquilla Lake, Hill Country, Texas. The reservoir received 4 annual stockings during the month of May from 1982 to 1985. Collections occurred periodically from February 1984 to June 1987, February to August 1988, and monthly from August 1991 to November 1992. Horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis was conducted to determine allele frequencies at loci sAAT-B*, SOD*1. Mean heterozygosity and percent introgression were highest for age-0 fish of the 1986 year class. Assortative mating was not apparent in 1991 or 1992 year classes. Collections of specific year classes over time consistently indicated decreases in the relative abundance of the northern phenotype. Relative to the northern phenotype, the abundance of Florida year classes remained relatively constant over time. Relative abundances of F₁ hybrids and F_x, intergrades (i. e., F₁) from specific year glasses were observed to generally increase with age.     

Lakeshore residential development and growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): a cross‐lakes comparison

Gaeta JW, Guarascio MJ, Sass GG, Carpenter SR. Lakeshore residential development and growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): a cross‐lakes comparison.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 92–101. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Lakeshore residential development is associated with changes in littoral habitat, riparian habitat, and ecosystem function with potential impacts ramifying through aquatic food webs. Effects of these changes on economically important game fishes may vary with fish size. We investigated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) size‐specific growth rates across 16 lakes spanning the range of lakeshore residential development in Wisconsin’s Northern Highland Lake District using a longitudinal multilevel model. Growth rates of small fish had a strong positive relationship with lakeshore residential development. The strength of the relationship decreased with length and became increasingly negative for fish longer than 210 mm. This pattern may be driven by a release from density‐dependent growth, shifts in available prey sources, reduced macrophyte cover, or angling‐induced selection pressures. Regardless of the mechanism, our results indicate, relative to undeveloped lakes, largemouth bass in highly developed lakes take 1.5 growing seasons longer to enter the fishery (356 mm).     

Diet of the largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), in Lake Naivasha, Kenya

Abstract The major food items of adult largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), in Lake Naivasha, Kenya are not markedly different from those in its native range. Although insects and their larvae are major components of the diet for both temperate and equatorial populations of juvenile bass, the equatorial population also eats Procambarus clarkii (Girard), juvenile fish and aquatic weeds. In temperate populations they also eat crustaceans, rotifers and oligochaetes. The frequency of occurrence of the major prey organisms in the stomachs of M. salmoides varies seasonally with population peaks in these organisms. Similar to North American populations, the Naivasha population feeds during the day between dawn and dusk. In contrast to temperate populations, the population of M. salmoides in this equatorial lake feeds throughout the year, with feeding intensity correlated with water temperature.     

Apparent digestibilities of common feedstuffs for bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides using individual test ingredients

Apparent digestibility of dry matter and energy, and availability of amino acids from blood meal (BM), fish meal (FM), meat and bone meal (MBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), soybean meal (SBM), corn, wheat and yellow grease (YG) were determined for bluegill Lepomis macrochirus (mean weight, 57 g), and likewise, but not for BM or wheat, for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (mean weight, 30 g). To avoid nutrient interaction from a reference diet, diets containing 98.5% (985 g kg⁻¹) of test ingredients were used, except for semi-solid, YG which was mixed with corn to permit pelletization. Faeces were collected by a siphoning method. Apparent dry matter digestibility values ranged from 50% (corn) to 87% (BM) for bluegill and from 53% (MBM) to 76% (PBM) for largemouth bass. Apparent energy digestibility values ranged from 53% (corn) to 92% (BM) for bluegill and from 63% (MBM) to 93% (YG) for largemouth bass. Apparent digestibility of most amino acids exceeded 90% for evaluated protein sources, except for MBM which showed slightly lower values (80–90%) for both fishes. Isoleucine digestibility from BM was relatively low (82%) for bluegill. High digestibility values for SBM, PBM and BM, indicate good potential for replacing FM in diets for both fishes.     

Comparison of the amino acid contents of roe, whole body and muscle tissue and their A/E ratios for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacepéde, 1802)

Nutritional amino acid requirements of varying size classes of largemouth bass were estimated using A/E ratios. Nutrient and amino acid contents of roe and carcass of the different size classes were determined and compared to results of selected, classic works related to the concept of ideal protein and relationship between the contents of individual, essential amino acids and the total contents of essential amino acids – A/E ratios. Protein content in the roes of the largemouth bass were higher in comparison to the carcass, but the content of lipids of the roes and of the carcass didn’t present significant difference (P<0.05). Largemouth bass showed higher muscle protein content in comparison to other species. Although some authors report variation in the contents of some amino acids in the carcass of selected species, differences observed in this study regarding carcass amino acid contents of tilapia, speckled catfish and largemouth bass were not significant (P<0.05), values of the ratio A/E followed the same trend. Results, herein presented, indicate that the amino acid profile of largemouth bass could be used as complementary tool for balancing amino acids in formulated feed for the species, and in the validation of amino acid requirements determined in performance studies.     

加州鲈肌肉生长抑制素(MSTN)cDNA的克隆和序列分析

肌肉生长抑制素是抑制肌肉生长和发育的生长调控因子。对运用RT-PCR和RACE技术从加州鲈成鱼肌肉总RNA中扩增得到的MSTN cDNA全序列进行了序列分析。结果表明,加州鲈MSTN cDNA全长为1626bp,其开放阅读框为1 134bp,共编码377个氨基酸,前面的22个氨基酸为信号肽,中间有四个氨基酸(RARR)为蛋白水解加工位点;该基因总共有13个半胱氨酸残基,后面9个在蛋白水解加工位点之后的C端生物活性区,与其它脊椎动物比较,它们的位置完全一致,对该基因的结构和功能非常重要。与GenBank中已知的条纹狼鲈、金鲷、斑马鱼、虹鳟、斑点叉尾鮰、人、猪、鸡、鸽MSTN的ORF相比较,核苷酸序列同源性为63%~94.4%,氨基酸同源性为61.4%~96%,特别是在C端生物活性区氨基酸同源性为88.1%~100%,高度的保守性反映了该基因受到了高度的进化限制以及功能的重要性。加州鲈MSTN基因的克隆为研究该基因打靶和鱼类肌肉发育调控机理奠定了基础。     

患白云病加洲鲈的同工酶分析

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对感染致病菌后的加洲鲈5种组织中5种同工酶系统的酶谱表型及活性进行分析。证实在5种酶的4种组织中出现明显的紊乱现象,表明病鱼的病理机制与代谢异常有关,其特异性变化可以作为疾病早期诊断及病理分析的生化辅助指标。