两个高羊茅品种成熟种子再生体系的建立

以2个高羊茅品种(“Plantation”和“沪坪1号”)的成熟种子为外植体,在MS培养基上分别添加不同浓度的2种植物生长调节剂,探索其愈伤组织的诱导、继代和分化的最佳激素配比及其相互间的影响,以建立简便高效的再生体系。结果表明,完整高羊茅种子最佳的愈伤诱导培养基为MS+2,4-D 3 mg/L,诱导率为71%;而把成熟种子进行纵切后得到的半粒种子的较优的愈伤诱导培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.5 mg/L,诱导率占半粒种子外植体的60%,占完整种子(2个半粒种子)外植体的90%以上;在最优诱导培养基上产生的愈伤组织的最佳继代培养基为MS+2,4-D 3 mg/L,其胚性愈伤诱导率为70%,而添加6-BA则抑制2,4-D对胚性愈伤组织的诱导;不同品种的最优的分化培养基不同——“Plantation”的最优分化培养基为MS+2,4-D 1 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L,而“沪坪1号”的最佳组合是MS+2,4-D 2 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L,分化率分别达到50%和56%。生根培养基采用已报道的组合1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L,生根率达100%。     

2,4-D和BA对黑麦草不同外植体愈伤组织诱导与分化的影响

以多年生黑麦草的芽尖、根尖、下胚轴、成熟种子为外植体进行了愈伤组织诱导和分化的研究,结果表明:不同划割处理的成熟种子的愈伤组织诱导率不同,不同外植体的愈伤组织诱导率也不同,芽尖、根尖愈伤组织的诱导效果较差.纵向划割的成熟种子的愈伤组织诱导率及分化能力均优于下胚轴.2,4-D浓度在7 mg/L、BA浓度为0.1 mg/L时有利于成熟种子诱导产生愈伤组织,2,4-D浓度在5mg/L、BA浓度在0.05mg/L时有利于下胚轴诱导产生愈伤组织.继代培养时间对愈伤组织的分化率有很大影响,成熟种子和下胚轴在继代培养基上继代培养60d和80d时分化率最高,分别达到76%和35%,继代天数过长不利于愈伤组织的生长.     

匍匐翦股颖愈伤组织诱导及其分化的研究

以匍匐翦股颖Penn A-1和L-93的成熟种子为外植体,进行了愈伤组织诱导与分化的研究。结果表明:不同浓度2,4-D对Penn A-1和L-93愈伤组织进行诱导,L-93的诱导率都高于Penn A-1。当以2,4-D和6-BA不同浓度配比对愈伤组织进行诱导时,以MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L 6-BA为Penn A-1和L-93最适的愈伤诱导培养基,诱导率较高;MSO培养基为适宜的分化培养基,分化率达90.9%;MSO+0.2 mg/L IBA为最佳生根培养基。     

羊草组织培养及再生系统的建立

用不同种类培养基及不同浓度2,4-D对羊草成熟种子进行愈伤组织诱导.结果表明,培养基种类对愈伤组织诱导无明显影响; 2,4-D浓度对羊草愈伤组织诱导影响效果比较明显,相同种类的培养基,不同的2,4-D浓度下愈伤组织诱导率差异较大;愈伤组织分化以MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L为最佳.     

两个高羊茅无性系的营养器官组织培养及再生体系的建立

以2个高羊茅无性系上农矮生高羊茅(SACD)和98-19的幼穗、叶尖、幼茎和幼节等营养器官作为外植体,在MS培养基上分别添加不同浓度的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D),探索其对愈伤组织的诱导、继代和分化的最佳浓度,以建立高羊茅无性系的高效再生体系。结果表明,幼穗是诱导愈伤组织的最好的营养器官外植体,出愈率最高达94%,而幼叶尖、幼茎、幼节则未能诱导出愈伤组织;不同浓度2,4-D诱导愈伤组织的出愈率存在显著差异,最佳诱导浓度范围为7～9 mg/L,出愈率可以达83%～94%;2个无性系愈伤诱导率间有显著差异,但与2,4-D浓度之间的互作不显著;继代培养基以MS加入2,4-D 4 mg/L的处理方案最好,胚性愈伤组织出愈率和绿色芽点诱导率最高,分别达到98%和78%,所得的胚性愈伤组织在MS+2,4-D 2 mg/L+6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA )1 mg/L分化培养基中的绿苗分化率较高,为57%;生根培养基采用1/2 MS+α-萘乙酸(NAA) 0.5 mg/L,生根率达100%。     

野生结缕草成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及再生体系的研究

以野生结缕草(Zoysia japonica)的成熟胚为外植体,通过胚性愈伤组织诱导进行植株再生。试验结果表明,不同的预处理方法对愈伤组织的诱导有较大的影响,经研钵研磨去除种子颖壳,30%NaOH浸泡1min,流水冲洗30 min处理的成熟胚在MS+2,4-D(3 mg/L)+6-BA(0.1 mg/L)为最佳,愈伤组织诱导率达82.67%。将愈伤组织在2,4-D(2 mg/L)和6-BA(0.2~0.5 mg/L)的继代培养基中继代1~2次,可明显改善愈伤组织状态,增加胚性愈伤数。筛选继代后的胚性愈伤组织置于分化培养基MS+KT(1 mg/L)+NAA(0.1 mg/L)中,分化率达86%。分化后的簇状植株移栽成活率达100%。     

海滨雀稗再生体系的建立

以海滨雀稗(Paspalum vaginatum cv.Sea spray)的成熟种子为外植体,运用正交试验设计,在MS基础培养基上添加不同浓度的2,4-D、6-BA、NAA、KT、CuSO4、AHC等外源物质,分析其对愈伤组织诱导、胚性愈伤组织分化的影响,建立海滨雀稗高频再生体系,为基因工程育种奠定基础.试验结果表明,在MS培养基中添加2.0 mg/L 2,4-D和0.5g/L AHC 能提高种子的发芽率至97.50％;最佳胚性愈伤诱导培养基为:MS +2,4-D 3.0mg/L+CuSO4 15.0 mg/L+AHC 1.0g/L,其胚性出愈率为66.88％;最佳分化培养基为:MS+6-BA 8.0mg/L+KT 0.05 mg/L+CuSO4 10.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,其分化率为95.00％.     

激素对高羊茅愈伤组织诱导及其分化的影响

用不同种类培养基及不同浓度2,4-D、BA对高羊茅种子进行愈伤诱导,结果表明培养基种类对愈伤诱导无明显效果;MS培养基下不同浓度2,4-D对高羊茅愈伤诱导时间及出愈率差别很大,以9mg/l效果最佳,愈伤诱导率达66.7%左右;过高浓度的2,4-D、BA对萌芽和愈伤的形成均有负作用;愈伤组织分化以MS+BA2.0mg/l+NAA0.5mg/l为佳.     

不同外植体对多年生黑麦草愈伤组织诱导的影响

对多年生黑麦草的3个品种进行愈伤组织诱导,选取成熟种子、成熟胚、胚轴、胚根4种外植体。结果表明,胚轴、胚根诱导效果较差,成熟胚在愈伤组织的诱导率、鲜重及愈伤质量方面均优于成熟种子。2,4-D浓度在2~4mg/L,6-BA浓度为0.025mg/L时有利于成熟胚诱导产生愈伤组织;成熟种子为外植体时,2,4-D浓度在5~8mg/L,6-BA浓度在0.025mg/L或0.2mg/L有利于成熟种子诱导产生愈伤组织。2,4-D浓度为2mg/L,6-BA浓度为0.5mg/L时成熟胚和成熟种子诱导的愈伤组织鲜重均达到最大。特拉华在愈伤组织的诱导率、增殖速度及愈伤质量方面表现较优,托亚次之,尤文图斯较差。AC和LH有利于植株的再生。     

扁蓿豆愈伤组织诱导和分化条件的研究

以扁蓿豆3个品系的下胚轴和子叶为外植体,研究不同培养基、不同激素种类和配比对愈伤组织诱导的影响,以及不同分化培养基对愈伤组织分化的影响.结果表明:下胚轴的愈伤组织诱导率普遍高于子叶;品系B1、B2最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+0.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.5mg/L 6-BA,品系B3最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+0.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.7mg/L 6-BA;适宜分化的培养基均为MS+1mg/L KT+1mg/L 6-BA.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …