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《中国植保导刊》2021,(6)
通过室内试验,设置了低温0℃处理蠋蝽(Arma chinensis)成虫12 h后于25℃饲养、3龄若虫至成虫分别于18、25℃及35℃条件下饲养等试验,以研究温度对蠋蝽生物学特性的影响。结果表明:(1)成虫短暂低温(0℃,12 h)处理后,其子代3龄至5龄若虫的发育历期为27.6 d,略高于持续低温18℃处理后子代3龄至5龄若虫的发育历期(22.0 d),但35℃的高温处理则显著缩短了子代3龄至5龄若虫的发育历期(11.0 d)。(2)成虫经短暂低温后处理后,蠋蝽成虫的寿命显著延长,雌性寿命略短于雄性(雌性66.9 d,雄性69.7 d);高温(35℃)处理则显著缩短了子代成虫寿命,雄性寿命显著长于雌性(雌性22.7 d,雄性32.7 d)。(3)蠋蝽成虫经短暂低温(0℃,12 h)处理后,蠋蝽成虫的性比为雌性∶雄性=0.48∶0.52。(4)蠋蝽成虫在18℃(43粒)与35℃(32粒)温度饲养条件下的产卵量显著低于短暂低温(0℃,12 h)后成虫(约264粒)及25℃(约218粒)饲养条件下的成虫产卵量,但在几种温度处理条件下,卵的长或宽之间无显著差异。18℃低温及35℃高温处理均会显著降低卵孵化率,35℃高温条件下,蠋蝽卵的孵化率为0。 相似文献
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为明确白纹雏蝗Chorthippus albonemus卵胚胎发育情况和滞育解除条件,将白纹雏蝗卵经3℃和8℃低温处理后,观察其不同发育阶段的形态特征并分析其滞育解除条件。结果表明,根据胚胎形态特征,自发育期开始,白纹雏蝗卵胚胎发育可划分为12个阶段,其中,胚胎发育1~6 d时处于发育期和原头期,共4个阶段;发育7~12 d时处于胚转期和显节期,共5个阶段;发育13~16 d时处于显节期和胚熟期,共3个阶段。白纹雏蝗卵在自然条件下当年入冬后11月有81.67%的卵滞育,翌年3月卵孵化率为34.42%,显著高于11月(18.33%)和12月(18.67%)的卵孵化率,翌年3月的孵化期为28 d,显著低于11月(86 d)和12月(50 d)的孵化期(P<0.05)。在不同低温处理下,3℃处理30 d后的卵孵化率为32.64%,显著高于8℃处理30 d(25.00%)的孵化率(P<0.05);低温8℃处理90 d后的卵孵化期为55 d,孵化率最高为70.83%,显著高于低温3℃处理90 d(52.78%)的卵孵化率(P<0.05)。说明白纹雏蝗卵滞育解除所需的最佳温度在不同时期存在差异,卵经1个低温期后,当环境温度达到发育起点温度55 d后可达孵化高发期。 相似文献
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为明确夏季高温条件下, 黑肩绿盲蝽对褐飞虱卵的控害潜能, 本研究通过在人工气候箱内分别设置最高温度为30?33℃和36℃的渐进式变温处理, 测定黑肩绿盲蝽各龄若虫及成虫对褐飞虱卵的捕食量?捕食功能反应及搜寻效应?结果表明, 在提供充足食物的条件下, 不同温度处理间黑肩绿盲蝽对褐飞虱卵的日均捕食量无显著差异; 不同高温处理下, 黑肩绿盲蝽捕食功能反应均能与Holling Ⅱ模型较好拟合, 不同龄期若虫及成虫的瞬时攻击率和处理时间在不同温度之间均差异不显著, 其中1龄若虫和2龄若虫在36℃处理下日最大理论捕食量最大, 分别为2.924粒和12.195粒; 在不同高温处理下, 黑肩绿盲蝽对褐飞虱卵的搜寻效应均随着卵密度的增加而降低?本研究结果表明, 短时高温未对黑肩绿盲蝽的控害作用产生不利影响? 相似文献
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黑肩绿盲蝽是稻飞虱的重要捕食性天敌,低温贮藏是成功开展黑肩绿盲蝽大规模生产释放的关键环节之一。本研究在低温16℃、13℃、10℃和7℃下分别提供清水、20%蜂蜜、20%蔗糖进行贮藏,以26℃下清水饲养作为对照,以明确黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的适宜低温贮藏条件。结果表明,在无补充营养状态下,低温贮藏黑肩绿盲蝽的寿命均显著长于对照。相同低温条件下,有补充营养的黑肩绿盲蝽成虫寿命、存活率和LT50均显著大于无补充营养条件。雌成虫在13℃和20%蜂蜜条件下、雄成虫在16℃和20%蜂蜜条件下存活率达80%以上的贮藏时间分别为14和12 d。以上结果表明,13℃或16℃、20%蜂蜜可作为黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的良好贮藏条件,可有效延长黑肩绿盲蝽贮藏期。 相似文献
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利用四季豆饲养盲蝽的方法 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
四季豆是多种盲蝽的寄主植物,该研究旨在发展一个利用四季豆豆荚规模化饲养多种盲蝽的技术.研究结果表明:绿盲蝽与中黑盲蝽的若虫最佳饲养密度约为100头/盒(2L),成虫为60~80头/盒.绿盲蝽成虫喜好在切头豆荚的两端伤口处产卵,而中黑盲蝽喜欢在完整豆荚的两端产卵.养虫盒内添加一些弯曲的纸条有助于提高若虫存活率和成虫产卵量.产卵后的豆荚需晾干后放置在25~28℃、相对湿度60%~70%、光照16:8(L:D)的环境下,以减少豆荚腐烂和提高卵的孵化率.利用这一方法饲养盲蝽的若虫存活率、成虫产卵量和卵孵化率分别达60%、40粒和80%. 相似文献
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为明确草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda卵和蛹经短时高温处理对其生长发育的影响,将草地贪夜蛾卵和蛹在34、38、42、46℃高温下分别处理2、4、6 h后,测定短时高温下草地贪夜蛾卵的孵化率、不同虫态的发育历期、蛹的羽化率和雌成虫及其子代的繁殖力等指标。结果表明:随着温度升高和高温持续时间延长卵的孵化率逐渐降低,卵在38℃及以上处理6 h或高温46℃处理2 h以上孵化率显著降低;46℃处理6 h的孵化率最低为12.21%,幼虫不能成活;在42℃处理4 h以上和46℃处理2 h以上卵的发育历期延长,与对照差异显著,幼虫的发育历期显著短于对照,蛹的发育历期与对照比无显著差异;38℃处理6 h、42℃处理6 h成虫的产卵量显著低于对照。短时高温处理蛹后,雌蛹和雄蛹在46℃处理2~6 h后羽化率分别为0~15.00%和0~6.75%,均显著低于对照,雌蛹在42、46℃下的羽化率高于雄蛹,蛹在38℃处理6 h和42℃处理2 h以上后羽化的成虫产卵量较低,为121.25~186.75粒。表明高温38℃以上持续6 h或42℃以上持续2 h以上草地贪夜蛾种群生长会受到抑制。 相似文献
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选取四川省不同地区、不同寄主、代表不同致病性水平和不同菌丝体亲和性表现的核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)菌株进行可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶电泳分析,结果表明:不同寄主来源、不同致病性水平、不同菌丝体亲和性表现的核盘菌菌株间的可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶电泳图谱条带数量及分布相对稳定,仅部份弱带在出现频率、染色强度或迁移距离上有一定的变化,表现出种的特征和种内的异质性,在分类上具有一定的意义,可溶性蛋白和酯酶同工酶电泳分析可作为核盘菌分类和遗传多样性分析的一个生化指标。 相似文献
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捕食线虫真菌酯酶同工酶谱和可溶性蛋白质谱分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对5个属14个种共33株捕食线虫真菌采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术进行了酯酶同工酶谱和可溶性蛋白质谱分析。结果表明,酯酶同工酶谱带少,但各属的特征谱带是明显的,在同属不同种之间,多数种都有自已的特征谱带与其它种相区别,同种不同菌株间没有明显差异;蛋白质谱带较多,在每个属中均有1~2条特征谱带,属间的谱带差异明显,同属不同种和同种不同菌株间蛋白质谱带都表现出多型性。 相似文献
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Recent collections ofBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from California desert regions represent a mixture of biotypes. One biotype was identical
to a culture originally obtained in 1981 and since maintained in the laboratory. The other and most prevalent biotype could
not be distinguished morphologically but could be distinguished by esterase isozyme banding patterns. The banding patterns
of the biotypes were not affected by culturing the whiteflies on different plant species. Different developmental stages,
and adults of both sexes, had the same isozyme patterns. 相似文献
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用酯酶同工酶技术检测球孢白僵菌株型 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对40个不同来源的球孢白僵菌分离株的酯酶同工酶图谱进行了测定,根据图谱对林间放菌前和放菌后发生的白僵菌菌株类型进行分析,进而评价了冬前放菌防治马尾松毛虫的效果。结果表明,酯酶同工酶图谱可以用来鉴别白僵菌菌株的株型。根据图谱将所试菌株归为10个类型。菌株类型与其采集地点、寄主具有相关性。采自同一试验区不同小生境的18个分离株属于同一酯酶型。冬前所放菌株在次年春季4月底前未能检出,导致春季马尾松毛虫种群白僵病的仍是当地菌源。 相似文献
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A collection of 26 strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae isolated from three different host species in eight countries was investigated for variation in isozyme patterns. Three enzyme systems were analysed: esterase (EST), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Four groups of strains were identified: nonpigmented strains isolated from mango and pepper-tree in Australia, Comores, India, Reunion Island, South Africa, and Taiwan; nonpigmented Brazilian strains from mango; nonpigmented strains from ambarella isolated in the French West Indies; heterogeneous yellow pigmented strains from mango (Brazil and Reunion Island). The value of isozyme profiling as markers of the pathogenicity groups in X. c . pv. mangiferaeindicae is discussed. 相似文献
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T. YLI-MATTILA S. PAAVANEN A. HANNUKKALA P. PARIKKA R. TAHVONEN & R. KARJALAINEN 《Plant pathology》1996,45(1):126-134
Differences in isozyme and RAPD-PCR polymorphisms amongst 33 isolates of Fusarium avenaceum were compared using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose gel electrophoresis. The isolates were collected from different regions of Finland. Amongst eight enzymes analysed clear isozyme polymorphism was detected in five enzymes which could be grouped into 20 different electrophoretic phenotypes and three main groups at the similarity level of 70% in unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis. RAPD-PCR analysis differentiated all F. avenaceum strains from each other. The phenotypes resulting from RAPD-PCR analysis were grouped into five main groups by UPGMA analysis at the similarity level of 55%. These main groups had several similarities with the main groups from isozyme analysis. RAPD-PCR patterns of 16 isolates of Fusarium graminearum F. culmorum F. equiseti F. oxysporum and F. redolens were also studied and strains from each Fusarium species formed individual groups in UPGMA and principal components analyses. Thus, the extent of isozyme and RAPD-PCR polymorphisms found in Fusarium strains potentially provides a method for identifying the fungi both at strain and species level. 相似文献
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The role of esterase in pyrethroid resistance was studied in the final larval instar of different strains of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. The resistant strains viz., Nagpur strain and the Delhi strain were found to have elevated midgut esterase activity in comparison to the susceptible strain. Nagpur strain and Delhi strain have 2.24 and 1.73-fold higher esterase activity, respectively, than that of the susceptible strain. The Native PAGE displayed important differences in the midgut esterase isozyme pattern between the susceptible and the pyrethroid-resistant strains. Out of the 10 esterase isozyme observed, susceptible strain lacked three bands, E2, E6 and E10 that were found in the resistant strains. The potency of the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and dihydrodillapiole (DDA) as esterase inhibitor were also studied both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro results clearly show that both PBO and DDA inhibited esterase activity in the two resistant strains, while there was almost no esterase inhibition in the homogenate of the susceptible strain. The in vivo inhibition studies (topical application of PBO and DDA followed by biochemical analysis) illustrated that PBO- and DDA-esterase binding is rather slow and non permanent process. Esterase inhibition did not occur immediately after the synergist treatment but at 4 and 8 h post treatment in case of PBO and DDA, respectively. Native PAGE revealed that the in vivo esterase inhibition caused by both PBO and DDA was due to the binding of the synergist with the E6 isozyme which was not present in the susceptible strain. 相似文献
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