智利小植绥螨防治大棚草莓二斑叶螨试验初报

二斑叶螨是上海地区温室大棚草莓上的重要害虫之一。研究了释放智利小植绥螨防治大棚草莓上二斑叶螨的效果。结果表明,释放智利小植绥螨对草莓二斑叶螨有显著抑制作用,防治效果十分明显。以300头/m2的释放量释放智利小植绥螨14 d后,防效可达99.66%,比5%噻螨酮EC 2 000倍液处理高33.45百分点,释放量为100头/m214 d后的防效也达到了60.24%。且智利小植绥螨具有较大的探索能力,在释放区将害螨捕食完毕后,能迅速扩散到邻近的有害螨的区域继续捕食。     

联合应用智利小植绥螨与丁氟螨酯防治草莓二斑叶螨

本文研究了新型杀螨剂丁氟螨酯对叶螨天敌智利小植绥螨的毒性、对智利小植绥螨繁殖的影响以及两者联合应用对草莓二斑叶螨的防治效果。结果表明,丁氟螨酯对智利小植绥螨的毒性很低,即使在400 mg/L的高浓度下,智利小植绥螨的死亡率仍然低于35%,对雌、雄成螨的LC₅₀分别为669.4 mg/L和456.4 mg/L。施用丁氟螨酯后,丁氟螨酯对智利小植绥螨成螨存活率影响无显著差异。田间试验表明单独使用智利小植绥螨和联合使用智利小植绥螨与丁氟螨酯,两周内对草莓二斑叶螨的防治效果都在90%以上,明显好于单独使用丁氟螨酯。相比于单独使用智利小植绥螨的生物防治区,联合防治区的防治效果更好,28 d时仍高于95%。因此,智利小植绥螨与丁氟螨酯联合应用防治草莓叶螨效果更佳。     

应用智利小植绥螨防治温室一串红上二斑叶螨的试验

1983年12月到1984年4月间在北京中山公园温室盆栽花卉(一串红)上成功地进行了释放智利小植绥螨(Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H.)防治二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch)的试验。按益、害螨1:10或1:20的比例分别释放两次。每隔7—10天检查一次,释放后3—4周叶螨数显著下降,以后一直维持在大约每叶1头以下。对照区在叶螨高峰期每叶平均126头。施药区虽经6次农药防治,在高峰期平均每叶叶螨112头。释放区花卉色泽和花朵大小也较对照区和施药区的显著为好。     

智利小植绥螨防治蔬菜叶螨

智胜小植绥螨已在兵库、高知、和歌山各县进行繁殖;兵库县作为防治草莓叶螨的主要措施,每日可捕食叶螨成螨2—3头,若螨10—20头,释放三周后可将害螨吃光。以每叶发生叶螨3—5头为释放期,释放量的益害螨比例为1:50—100。释放前后应注意农药的使用,植绥螨对有机磷农药抗性弱,而对杀螨剂和杀菌剂(除硫制剂外)抗性较强。     

应用智利小植绥螨防治温室四种花卉上二斑叶螨的研究

在温室栽培的一串红、藿香蓟、马蹄莲和爬蔓绣球上释放智利小植绥螨防治二斑叶螨均取得满意的结果。早期(10—11月)释放捕食螨,可减少花卉受害,节省捕食螨数量。于苗期或分盆前释放,还可节省用工。智利小植绥螨的释放量,因叶螨密度、花卉种类、植株大小而异,每次每株释放1—50头不等。3—4月初,如叶螨数量有回升,可释放第二次。一般能控制害螨每叶一头以下。     

释放智利小植绥螨防治蔬菜上神泽氏叶螨的田间试验

1988年在江西农业大学桔园,利用10年生以下的桔树行间栽培茄子、菜豆,在叶螨发生初期,释放智利小植绥螨(Phyloseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot)防治蔬菜上神泽氏叶螨(Telranychus kanzawai Kihide),取得良好效果。现将试验结果整理如下:     

释放智利小植绥螨防治云豆上神泽氏叶螨的初步研究

本文讨论释放智利小植绥螨 (Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henrion)防治云豆上神泽氏叶螨(Tetranychus kanzawai Kishide)的效果。从结果可见:(1)塑料棚内释放智利小植绥螨防治云豆上叶螨效果迅速明显。(2)大田播种云豆释放同一数量的智利小植绥螨,以早期叶螨密度低时防治效果显著,达96％以上,又可节省释放螨数量。后期气温高。叶螨繁殖快,防治效果达88％左右.(3)盆播云豆释放不同数量的智利小植绥螨,益、害比例以1:10、1:20、1:30、1:40释放,经7天后叶螨虫口下降90％以上;益、害比例以1:50、1:60的释放,叶螨虫口下降85％左右。     

应用智利小植绥螨防治温室花卉叶螨

上:释放智利小植绥螨防治一串红上的叶螨效果:释放区比施药区及对照区的花卉长势好。     

利用智利小植绥螨防治花卉二点叶螨的研究初报

1982年2月从复旦大学引进花卉叶螨天敌——智利小植绥螨Phytonseiulus persmilis Athias—Henrlot进行饲养及释放试验,两年多来所得结果如下。一、生物学特性智利小植绥螨经卵、幼螨、第一若螨和第二若螨发育为成螨。在25℃恒温条件下对15对成螨饲养,其寿命为26±9(天),产卵前期2.5±1(天),产     

Biological control of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) by Phytoseiulus persimilis on strawberries grown in walk-in' plastic tunnels, and a simplified method of spider mite population assessment

During 1980 and 1981, a large-scale trial of the biological control of two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae Koch) on protected strawbenies, using the predatory'mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, was done in 52 'walk-in' plastic tunnels on a commercial nursery in southern England. Introductions of predatory mites in March or early April at a rate of one per plant were consistently successful. In 1980, when predators had not been introduced the previous year (so enabling large numbers of spider mites to overwinter) peak mite populations were large, causing slight foliar damage in some tunnels before control was achieved. In 1981, only a small residual population of spider mites had survived from the previous year and peak numbers were small; the crop appeared healthy and there was no visible damage by mites. For jdequate control, reintroduction of predators was found to be necessary when CTops were replanted in the summer following soil cultivation and sterilization with methyl bromide.
A population assessment method for two-spotted spider mite based on counting aggregations of the mites was devised. The mean number of spider mites (all stages) per leaf was found to be approximately the same as the number of leaves with five or more mites present in a 25-leaf sample.     

Effects of far-red light on tritrophic interactions between the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis on tomato

BACKGROUND

The use of light-emitting diode (LED) lights in horticulture allows growers to adjust the light spectrum to optimize crop production and quality. However, changes in light quality can also influence plant–arthropod interactions, with possible consequences for pest management. The addition of far-red light has been shown to interfere with plant immunity, thereby increasing plant susceptibility to biotic stress and increasing pest performance. Far-red light also influences plant emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and might thus influence tritrophic interactions with biological control agents. We investigated how far-red light influences the VOC-mediated attraction of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis to tomato plants infested with Tetranychus urticae, and its ability to control T. urticae populations.

RESULTS

Far-red light significantly influences herbivore-induced VOC emissions of tomato plants, characterized by a change in relative abundance of terpenoids, but this did not influence the attraction of P. persimilis to herbivore-induced plants. Supplemental far-red light led to an increased population growth of T. urticae and increased numbers of P. persimilis. This resulted in a stronger suppression of T. urticae populations under supplemental far-red light, to similar T. urticae numbers as in control conditions without supplemental far-red light.

CONCLUSION

We conclude that supplemental far-red light can change herbivore-induced VOC emissions but does not interfere with the attraction of the predator P. persimilis. Moreover, far-red light stimulates biological control of spider mites in glasshouse tomatoes due to increased population build-up of the biocontrol agent. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

温度对智利小植绥螨发育和繁殖的影响

为了明确温度对智利小植绥螨发育和繁殖的影响,以二斑叶螨为食料,研究了16、19、22、25、28、31、34℃7个恒定温度下智利小植绥螨不同螨态的发育历期、成螨产卵动态及产卵量。结果表明,16~31℃范围内智利小植绥螨发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,34℃下发育历期较31℃有所延长。卵、幼螨、第一若螨、第二若螨、卵-成螨的发育起点温度分别为11.08、14.91、14.28、14.03和12.36℃,有效积温分别为29.69、4.94、8.96、11.72和58.33日·度。19~28℃下平均单雌产卵量较高,分别为93.60、86.90、94.25、88.95粒/头,31℃下产卵量最少,为39.25粒。16、19、22、25、28℃下平均产卵历期差异不显著,分别为20.10、22.55、19.10、19.10、21.10d,31℃下产卵历期仅为11.35d。智利小植绥螨在19~28℃下发育状态较好,繁殖力较高,说明该温度范围是智利小植绥螨生长发育和繁殖的适宜温度。     

草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用

为明确草栖钝绥螨Amblyseius herbicolus对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae的控制潜能,在温度分别为19、22、25、28和31℃、相对湿度均为（85±5）%、光周期均为16 L∶8 D条件下测定草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食偏好性、捕食功能反应及自身干扰反应。结果表明,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨幼螨和第1若螨具有嗜食性,对其捕食选择系数分别为2.22和1.27,均大于1.00,对二斑叶螨卵、第2若螨和雌成螨捕食选择系数分别为0.61、0.68和0.22,均小于1.00。在不同温度条件下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型;在19～31℃范围内,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的瞬时攻击率、最大日捕食量和捕食能力均随着温度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在28℃时达到最大值;而草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的处理时间随着温度升高呈先缩短后延迟的趋势,在28℃下处理时间最短。在相同温度下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨和第1若螨的捕食作用较强。在有限的捕食空间和二斑叶螨密度固定的条件下,草栖钝绥螨单头捕食量和捕食作用率随其自身密度的增加而逐渐下降,说...     

Acetylcholinesterase point mutations putatively associated with monocrotophos resistance in the two-spotted spider mite

Molecular mechanisms of monocrotophos resistance in the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, were investigated. A monocrotophos-resistant strain (AD) showed ca. 3568- and 47.6-fold resistance compared to a susceptible strain (UD) and a moderately resistant strain (PyriF), respectively. No significant differences in detoxification enzyme activities, except for the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity, were found among the three strains. The sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to monocrotophos, however, was 90.6- and 41.9-fold less in AD strain compared to the UD and PyriF strains, respectively, indicating that AChE insensitivity mechanism plays a major role in monocrotophos resistance. When AChE gene (Tuace) sequences were compared, three point mutations (G228S, A391T and F439W) were identified in Tuace from the AD strain that likely contribute to the AChE insensitivity as predicted by structure analysis. Frequencies of the three mutations in field populations were predicted by quantitative sequencing (QS). Correlation analysis between the mutation frequency and actual resistance levels (LC₅₀) of nine field populations suggested that the G228S mutation plays a more crucial role in resistance (r² = 0.712) compared to the F439W mutation (r² = 0.419). When correlated together, however, the correlation coefficient was substantially enhanced (r² = 0.865), indicating that both the F439W and G228S mutations may work synergistically. The A391T mutation was homogeneously present in all field populations examined, suggesting that it may confer a basal level of resistance.