无机化合物对南方根结线虫行为的影响

利用体外生物测定方法,研究常见无机化合物对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita 2龄幼虫(J_2)存活、趋性以及卵囊内卵孵化的影响.结果表明,不同化合物不同浓度处理对M.incognita的影响差异显著.随着无机化合物浓度的增加,J_2死亡率上升,NH_4HCO_3、Na_2SO_4、CuCl_2·2H_2O、CuSO_4·5H_2O和FeCl_3·6H_2O浓度分别为O.03、0.03、0.0003、0.0004和0.0007 mol/L即可抑制其存活.除Cu~(2+)化合物外,其它无机化合物在供试浓度下均对卵囊内卵的孵化有明显抑制作用.含Ca~(2+)化合物均对南方根结线虫J_2有吸引作用,而含NH_4~+的NH_4HCO_3和NH_4NO_3对J_2排斥.除碳酸氢铵LC_(90)抑制种子萌发外,其它化合物对番茄种子萌发无抑制作用,但对后期幼根的伸长有抑制作用.盆栽试验结果显示,CuSO_4·5H_2O防治效果最佳,在LC_(50)处理下与对照相比防效可达70.8%.     

华南地区主要番茄品种对南方根结线虫的抗性评价

通过人工接种方式, 对华南地区番茄主要栽培品种对优势根结线虫——南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）的抗性进行了评价。结果表明,广东栽培品种年丰、红宝石、新星、福安、粤红玉、穗丰、金丰、益丰、丰顺、大丰顺、满丰和法国品种SAINT PIERRE均高度感病; 而法国品种 PIERSOL VFN高度抗病,根结率为0。根据SAS8.0多重比较分析表明,在F0.01的水平上, 品种PIERSOL VFN与其余品种之间对根结线虫的抗性均存在显著性差异,而其他12个品种间对根结线虫的抗性差异不显著。     

不同杀线虫剂对南方根结线虫的田间防效

为评价新型杀线虫剂三氟吡啶胺防治南方根结线虫的效果,设置了该药剂与作为对照的3种常见杀线虫剂灌根或拌土穴施处理,比较各处理防治西瓜田南方根结线虫的效果。在防控南方根结线虫导致的死棵方面,对照药剂氟吡菌酰胺、阿维菌素、噻唑膦处理区西瓜死棵率为14.70%～44.85%,清水对照区为46.97%,而三氟吡啶胺处理区死棵率仅5.61%;在根结防效方面,三氟吡啶胺处理为70.43%,显著优于药剂对照;在虫口防效方面,三氟吡啶胺处理为66.72%,为各处理中最高。建议将三氟吡啶胺推广应用于南方根结线虫的田间防治。     

PGPR对番茄南方根结线虫病的影响

于温室盆栽条件下初步研究了4种根围促生细菌（PGPR）对番茄植株生长和南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognit病发生情况的影响。结果表明接种多粘芽孢杆菌Bacillus polymyxa或芽孢杆菌菌株B697的番茄植株高度、地上部和地下部干重均显著大于对照,而巨大芽孢杆菌B. megaterium和固氮螺菌Azospirillum sp.菌株A135无促生作用。接种多粘芽孢杆菌＋南方根结线虫和B697菌株＋南方根结线虫两处理的二龄幼虫数、雌虫数、线虫总数、根上卵囊数、卵囊含卵量、发病率和病情指数显著低于只接种南方根结线虫的对照。多粘芽孢杆菌、B697菌株、巨大芽孢杆菌和A135菌株对南方根结线虫的防效分别达65.4%、68.2%、53.8%和53.8%。     

南方根结线虫对生姜生长及内源激素的影响

 试验结果表明,南方根结线虫侵染生姜后,首先损伤根系,进而显著降低生姜植株的株高、地上鲜重、根系鲜重和根茎重,减产47.96%。南方根结线虫侵染可使生姜叶片中赤霉素(GA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)含量显著降低,感病生姜的脱落酸(ABA)则表现为前期降低,后期增加的趋势,并促使叶片中GA/ABA的迅速下降,严重影响了生姜的生长,使感病植株矮小、叶片黄化,提前衰老。感病生姜根茎GA、IAA、ZR、ABA的变化规律与叶片相似,但9月份ZR、IAA含量的迅速上升,与根结线虫建立侵染据点、形成巨型细胞,从而造成根茎的局部疣裂有关。南方根结线虫侵染可引起病株根系GA/ABA升高以及GA含量在生长后期上升,促进营养物质向根部运输,从而造成根系的补偿性生长;但IAA和ZR含量的下降不利于根结线虫建立侵染据点,不能在根系中形成过多的根结。     

蔬菜根结线虫对番茄青枯病发生的影响

蔬菜根结线虫是江西省蔬菜产区的主要致病线虫，而蔬菜青枯病又是江西省蔬菜产区的主要病害，笔者在实地调查中发现，凡是根结线虫发生严重的地方，蔬菜青枯病的发生就严重，而且根结线虫的密度与青枯病的发生程度有直接关系。为此用蔬菜根结线虫和番茄青枯病菌对着茄进行了接种试验，现将试验结果小结如下；一、材料与方法（－）材料1．供试番茄苗：采自无病区的番茄种子，经2％福尔马林液浸种4小时，洗净后直接播种在消毒土壤中培育而成。2．供试土壤：取无病区的土壤，于121～126C下灭菌1小时后装盆备用。3．供试根结线虫：采自病区丝瓜…     

10种植物提取物对南方根结线虫毒杀活性研究

采用触杀法研究了10种植物干材料无水乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和石油醚提取物对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫的毒杀活性。结果表明,这10种植物材料的3种有机溶剂提取物对根结线虫都有不同程度的毒杀活性。其中,牡丹皮、丁香、八角茴香、何首乌和地肤子的无水乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物的毒杀活性最强,48h校正死亡率均大于90%;八角茴香石油醚提取物也表现出较高毒杀活性,48h校正死亡率也达到了80%以上。     

南方根结线虫不同接种密度对灯盏花抗氧化系统的影响

通过室内接种方法,测定了南方根结线虫2龄幼虫在不同接种时间(25、35d)和不同接种密度(0、500、700、1 000、1 200、1 500头/株)下对灯盏花生长和根系及叶片丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)及过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)的影响。研究结果表明,南方根结线虫接种密度为1 000头/株时,接种后25d与35d的根结指数达到最大,分别为87.2及65.6;接种密度500头/株,对根结指数影响较大。接种后25d,接种量对灯盏花病根与病叶的过氧化物酶活性影响不大;接种后35d,灯盏花病根的过氧化物酶活性(POD)随接种密度的增加先降低后升高,病叶中的POD活性除了接种密度为1 000头/株时低于健康叶部外,其他均高于健康组;接种密度对灯盏花的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性影响较大,在1 000头/株时,病根和病叶中的过氧化氢酶活性都明显高于对照。接种密度对于灯盏花叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量影响不大,当密度为1 000头/株接种35d对根部丙二醛的影响最大,其含量明显高于对照;接种密度对于灯盏花病叶和病根中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性影响较大,病叶中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)普遍高于健康组,而病根中的SOD活性普遍低于健康组。综合研究结果,当南方根结线虫接种密度为500头/株时,对灯盏花有一定危害,随着接种密度的增加,危害逐渐加重,当接种密度为1 000头/株时,根结指数最大,几种酶活性都显著高于健康植株,接种密度大于1 000头/株时,酶活性逐渐下降。接种初期,南方根结线虫对灯盏花叶部危害较大,随着种植时间的推移,对根部危害逐渐加重。     

蔬菜根结线虫对番茄青枯病发生的影响

蔬菜根结线虫对番茄青枯病发生的影响／廖月华）江西省植保植检站３３０００６）黄文生、岳跃林…∥江西植保－１９９５，１８（２）为明确蔬菜根结线虫与青枯病发生的关系，于１９９４年进行了盆栽试验。结果表明，蔬菜根结线虫与番茄青枯病的发生有直接关系，随着接种线...     

生姜对南方根结线虫侵染的生理生化反应

 本试验就生姜感染南方根结线虫后几种生理生化指标的变化进行了研究.结果表明,接种南方根结线虫后,生姜体内各种生理生化指标主要在初次侵染前期和二次侵染前期表现出一定的反应,其余时间则基本丧失这种反应,且生姜不同部位对南方根结线虫侵染的反应程度也有很大差异,以叶片的反应最为剧烈,根系次之,根茎反应最弱.结合南方根结线虫的生活周期,本文提出了生姜对南方根结线虫的生理生化反应主要表现在侵染初期,对再次侵染则部分丧失敏感性的论点.     

聚多曲霉Snef210对南方根结线虫毒性的研究

蔬菜根结线虫病在我国乃至世界危害日益严重,安全防控该病害成为目前急需解决的农业生产问题。本研究筛选到一株可毒杀南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita的生防真菌Snef210,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定为聚多曲霉Aspergillus sydowii(Bain.et Sart.) Thom et Church。该菌株发酵液对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫(J_2)具有很强的毒杀作用,原液处理24 h后校正死亡率达90.1%,处理3 d后对卵孵化的抑制率达92.8%。盆栽试验中,与对照相比,菌株发酵液10倍稀释液土壤处理对番茄根部的根结减退率为66.7%。聚多曲霉代谢产物丰富,多用于抗菌和抗肿瘤的研究,本文首次发现其对南方根结线虫有效,是一类潜在的控制植物线虫病害的新型生防因子。     

Virulence of Meloidogyne incognita populations and Meloidogyne enterolobii on resistant cucurbitaceous and solanaceous plant genotypes

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause extensive damage to tomato and cucurbit crops in protected cultivation systems. An environmentally benign...     

The influence of the nematode Meloidogyne incognita on competition between Solanum nigrum and tomato

The effect of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, 1949, on the competitive relationship between tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) was investigated under glasshouse conditions. Two intraspecific competition treatments were set up for the crop and the weed, and five interspecific treatments where the emergence of S. nigrum plants was progressively delayed in relation to tomato. Nematodes reproduced in all inoculated plants, their multiplication rates being much higher in tomato than in S. nigrum plants. Under nematode-free conditions, intraspecific competition of tomato was more severe than the interspecific competition shown by the weed S. nigrum. Tomato was as tronger competition with S. nigrum than the weed was with itself. However, when infested by M. incognita, both species displayed a similar competitive ability. Tomato yield losses increased with prolonged weed competition but were greater under nematode-infested conditions.     

Effects of inoculum concentration, wetness duration and plant age on development of early blight (Alternaria solani) and on shedding of leaves in tomato plants

Effects of inoculum concentration, wetness duration and plant age on the development of tomato early blight were evaluated in relation to host susceptibility under controlled environmental conditions. The main effect of early blight was premature defoliation, which was linearly related to the percentage of leaf area showing symptoms. As ln(inoculum concentration, conidia mL⁻¹) increased from 6·2 to 11·5, the percentages of leaf area affected and of defoliation increased linearly. Four h of leaf wetness after inoculation were sufficient to initiate the disease on plants of hybrid Skala RZ but not on those of cv. Rio Rojo, for which at least 6 h leaf wetness were needed. As wetness duration increased up to 24 h, there was an increase in the percentage leaf area showing symptoms and in the percentage of defoliation, but thereafter there was no significant increase in either parameter. Tomato plants were susceptible to Alternaria solani at all growth stages, but susceptibility increased as plants matured. There were no significant differences in susceptibility between tomato cultivars and hybrids.     

Occurrence of a new resistant breaking pathotype of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in Greece

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In a pot assay, a population of Meloidogyne incognita from Northern Greece, reproduced on the resistant tomato cv. Silvana carrying the Mi gene and on...     

Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita by the endophytic fungus Acremonium implicatum from tomato root galls

Specific endophytes with biocontrol potential might occur in diseased plant tissues. We isolated an endophytic fungus from tomato root galls infected with Meloidogyne incognita and identified it as Acremonium implicatum based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer sequences. Its biocontrol potential was tested in vitro and in pot and field experiments. In the in vitro test, 96.0% of second-stage juveniles of M. incognita were killed by a culture filtrate of A. implicatum after 48 h. The fungus also suppressed egg hatching, with only 36.3% of treated eggs hatching compared with 87.3% of control eggs. Pot experiments showed that A. implicatum inhibited the formation of root galls, with 40.6 galls per treated plant compared with 121.6 on control plants. A. implicatum reduced the nematode population in soil, with 151.1 nematodes per 100 g treated soil and 375.1 in control soil. Field experiments demonstrated that the root gall index of treated plants (25) was markedly lower than that of control plants (96). In conclusion, A. implicatum has excellent potential for the biocontrol of M. incognita.     

Differentiation in two populations of Meloidogyne incognita from Greece in relation to reproduction on resistant tomato and pepper

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The reproduction of two Meloidogyne incognita populations from Crete, Greece was assessed on ten pepper cultivars in pots in controlled conditions. One...