犬消化道X线造影检查

为探讨犬消化道 Ｘ 线造影检查的最佳途径，以及造影影像与胃肠部分生理功能之间的关系，按照自身循环对照设计法，对 ５ 只本地杂交犬进行了消化道 Ｘ 线造影检查。在试验中进行了不同辅助方法及条件下全消化道常规造影、胃气钡双重造影、全消化道快速造影、结肠钡灌肠常规造影及结肠气钡双重造影。用双盲法进行读片。结果，消化道常规造影检查与其他各项消化道特殊造影检查各具优缺点；一次性注入钡剂进行全消化道常规造影检查、低张造影检查、气钡双重造影检查具有良好的可行性。     

碳酸饮料在犬消化造影中的应用

为了探究利用碳酸饮料在宠物造影技术中的可行性,选择5只金毛犬,分别采用不同浓度的可口可乐饮料与6～8 mL/kg硫酸钡干混悬剂配合进行消化道双重造影检查.结果表明,只要掌握好碳酸饮料和造影剂的用量,造影结果优于传统的检查方法,产生的影像最为清晰,诊断意义最大,且试验动物未发生不良症状,说明碳酸饮料可作为犬上消化道造影检...     

腹部压迫法配合泛影葡胺用于犬静脉尿路造影效果的探讨

为了提高犬静脉尿路造影效果,试验采用腹部髂骨前缘安置血压计气袋的腹部压迫法同时以低剂量(1 mL/kg,对照组)、中剂量(2 mL/kg,试验Ⅰ组)和高剂量(3 mL/kg,试验Ⅱ组)60%泛影葡胺经前肢静脉对犬进行尿路造影,并分别对造影效果、肝脏和肾脏的安全性与尿液成分进行评估。结果表明：对照组造影检查双肾实质轮廓辨识度低,肾盂影像不清晰;造影检查后48小时检查肝脏和肾脏功能及尿液各指标与造影前比较均差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ组造影检查后3～30 min可逐一清晰显示双肾、肾盂、输尿管影像;与造影前比较,造影检查后48小时血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性及肌酐(CREA)、尿素(UREA)含量均显著升高(P<0.05),尿液中尿蛋白(PRO)与尿胆素(BIL)显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。试验Ⅱ组造影检查后3～30 min可以逐一清晰显示双肾实质、肾盂、输尿管及膀胱影像;造影检查后48小时与造影前比较,血清ALT、CREA、UREA均极显著升高(P<0.01),AST显著升高(P<0.0...     

犬消化道与泌尿道X线造影方法探讨

为探索在宠物临床开展消化道及泌尿道造影检查的方法 ,促进 X线造影技术在宠物临床上的应用 ,分别采用硫酸钡和复方泛影葡胺对 4只本地犬进行了消化道及泌尿道 X线造影检查。实验结果显示 ,经胃管给犬投服硫酸钡浆进行造影 ,容易获得良好的消化道 X线影像 ;静脉尿路造影因造影剂在不同个体犬尿路显示时间不同 ,最佳摄片时间不易把握 ;对犬膀胱及尿道逆行注入 1 0 %复方泛影葡胺 ,容易获取膀胱及尿道的清晰影像 ,而尿道空气造影影像不甚理想     

不同剂量碘海醇对犬CT脊髓造影效果的影响

为探索犬小脑延髓池脊髓造影和腰部(L5～6)脊髓造影的最佳造影剂用量和显影效果,本试验对10只比格犬进行了小脑延髓池和腰部CT脊髓造影,比较不同剂量造影剂的造影效果。造影剂选用浓度为350 mg I/mL的碘海醇注射液,剂量组设定为0.2 mL/(kg·bw),0.33 mL/(kg·bw),0.4 mL/(kg·bw)和0.45 mL/(kg·bw)。观察每组CT征象图,设定评分系统,并对图像进行评分。结果表明0.4 mL/(kg·bw)剂量组分值均高于其他3个剂量组,并表现出显著差异。     

犬脊髓造影技术

采用脊髓蛛网膜下腔穿刺将造影剂注入椎管 ,分别对 1 6只不同年龄犬行欧乃派克 ( omnipaque,每毫升含碘 30 0 mg)脊髓造影 ,对 1 1只犬行碘化油 (含碘 4 0 % )脊髓造影。造影后拍摄颈段、胸段、腰荐段正、侧位脊髓造影照片并评定造影结果 ,研究比较水溶性造影剂欧乃派克和脂溶性造影剂碘化油用于不同年龄犬的脊髓造影技术 ,分析了犬正常脊髓造影影像。研究表明 ,每毫升含碘 30 0 mg的欧乃派克可安全地用于犬的脊髓造影 ;不同年龄犬造影剂用量相同 ,每公斤体重 0 .4 5m L时全段脊髓同时清楚显示 ,0 .30 m L时局部 (颈段、胸段或腰荐段 )脊髓显示清楚 ,0 .2 0 m L以下时脊髓显示较模糊。碘化油毒副作用较大 ,不宜再用于犬的脊髓造影     

北京犬产后搐搦的诊治

1 临床症状 患犬为小型犬，体况中等。呼吸27次／min，体温40．2℃，脉搏110次／min。可视黏膜呈蓝紫色、充血，肌肉间歇性强直痉挛，四肢僵直，角弓反张，口吐白沫。患犬发病前以米饭为主食，偶尔也吃些精肉、鸡蛋等。2 实验室诊断2．1 无菌抽取患犬血液作血钙含量检测。结果表明，该犬血钙值仅为6．2mg／100mL，明显低于9～11mg／100mL的正常值范围。2．2 同法检测血浆磷含量为3．7mg／100mL，低于4．3mg／100mL的正常生理指标。2．3 同法检测血糖含量为110mg／1000mL，高于82～100mg／1000mL的正常生理指标。 经临床检查、实验室诊断…     

犬脊髓造影响技术

采用脊髓蛛网膜下腔穿刺将造影剂注入椎管，分别对１６只不同年龄犬行欧乃派克（ｏｍｎｉｐａｑｕｅ，每毫升含磺３００ｍｇ）脊髓造影，对１１只犬行磺化油（含磺４０％）脊髓造影。造影后拍摄颈段、胸段、腰荐段正、侧位脊髓造影照片并评定造影结果，研究比较水溶性造影剂欧乃派克和脂溶性造影剂磺化油用于不同年龄犬的脊髓造影技术，分析了犬正常脊髓造影影像。研究表明，每毫升含磺３００ｍｇ的欧乃派克可安全地用于犬的脊髓造影     

犬静脉胆道造影术

对健康成龄本地犬20只分5组进行了39次静脉胆道造影。分别缓慢(3～4mL/min)静注胆影葡胺0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0mL/kg,于注药后20、30、40、60、120和180min分别摄取胆区X线照片。结果,注药后20min,72％的胆囊开始显影,60min时,显影率达100％;造影剂剂量以0.4～0.8mL/kg为宜,以此剂量注入后120min,胆囊显影良好者达97％,180min达100％。当剂量在0.4mL/kg体重以上时,胆管显影率为59％。饲喂缩胆剂后1～2h左右胆囊收缩到最大限度。     

泛影葡胺在犬子宫输卵管造影中的应用

本文探讨了采用复方泛影葡胺对犬子宫输卵管造影影像形成的最佳药物剂量及摄片时间。结果表明,犬子宫输卵管造影时复方泛影葡胺的最佳使用剂量为0.2 mg/kg体重,注入造影剂后的最佳摄片时间为0⁵ min。     

不同因素对乳清分离蛋白膜的透湿率和透光度的影响

研究乳清分离蛋白（WPI）、甘油、氯化钠和羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）质量浓度以及转谷氨酰胺酶（TG）反应时间对乳清蛋白膜透湿率和透光度的影响。结果显示：WPI 10.0g/100mL、甘油5.00g/100mL、氯化钠1.0g/100mL、CMC 0.25g/100mL、TG反应时间45min时,乳清分离蛋白膜的透湿率最小;WPI 15.0g/100mL、甘油1.50g/100mL、氯化钠2.5g/100mL、CMC 0.50g/100mL、TG反应时间15min时,乳清分离蛋白膜的透光度最小。采用响应面法优化工艺结果显示,在CMC 0.25g/100mL、甘油5.00g/100mL的固定条件下,WPI 5.0g/100mL、氯化钠1.27834g/100mL、TG反应时间20min时,膜的透湿率达到最小值3.9428g/（h.m2）;WPI 15.0g/100mL、氯化钠1.5g/100mL、TG反应时间10min时,膜的透光度达到最小值0.0381。     

多抗性保加利亚乳杆菌的诱变和筛选

通过紫外诱变和硫酸二乙酯诱变,筛选出抗生素抗性(头孢氨苄和氨苄西林)的保加利亚乳杆菌,同时模拟人体胃酸环境(pH1.5～4.5)和十二指肠高胆酸盐环境(0.1g/100mL～0.4g/100mL)对诱变后的保加利亚乳杆菌的抗性进行了研究。结果表明,保加利亚乳杆菌突变株可抗头孢氨苄和氨苄西林(均为2mg/mL),并且在pH2.5～4.5时具有较强的生存能力,培养4h活菌数仍达108cfu/mL以上,在pH1.5条件下仍有部分存活。在0.1g/100mL～0.3g/100mL胆酸盐条件下培养4h,活菌数仍达106cfu/mL以上,且能在0.4g/100mL胆汁盐中存活。     

Production of insulin-like growth factor-I by granulosa cells but not thecal cells is hormonally responsive in cattle

To determine whether the hormonal regulation of IGF-I production differs between granulosa and thecal cells in cattle, granulosa and thecal cells from bovine follicles were collected, cultured for 2 d in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, washed, and then treated for an additional 24 h in serum-free medium with various hormones. In Exp. 1, granulosa cells were treated with 0 or 100 ng/mL of insulin and(or) 50 ng/mL of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin plus 10 ng/mL of epidermal growth factor, or insulin plus 10 ng/mL of basic fibroblast growth factor. In Exp. 2, thecal cells were treated as described in Exp. 1 except that 100 ng/mL of luteinizing hormone (LH) was used instead of 50 ng/mL of FSH. In Exp. 3, granulosa and thecal cells were treated with 0 or 30 ng/mL of cortisol with or without 100 ng/mL of insulin, 300 pg/mL of glucagon, or glucagon plus insulin. In Exp. 4, granulosa and thecal cells were treated with 0 or 300 ng/mL of estradiol with or without 100 ng/mL of insulin and(or) 100 ng/mL of LH. At the end of treatment, medium was collected, concentrated with Centricon-3 concentrators, and assayed for IGF-I by radioimmunoassay. Cell numbers were determined by Coulter counting at the end of culture. Thecal cells produced low amounts of IGFI (0.48 +/- 0.04, 0.63 +/- 0.03, and 0.82 +/- 0.03 ng per 100,000 cells per 24 h in Exp. 2, 3, and 4, respectively), and this production was not influenced (P > 0.05) by the various treatments. In contrast, IGF-I production by granulosa cells (2.0 to 6.2 ng per 100,000 cells per 24 h) was influenced by treatment in Exp. 1, 3, and 4 and was greater than IGF-I production by thecal cells (Exp. 2, 3, and 4). Alone, insulin, FSH, LH, and cortisol (but not estradiol) each decreased (P < 0.05) granulosa-cell IGF-I production by 20 to 57%; combined treatments of insulin plus FSH or insulin plus cortisol decreased IGF-I production to levels seen with insulin alone. Glucagon had no effect (P > 0.10) on IGF-I production in the absence or presence of insulin. In the presence of insulin, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and estradiol decreased (P < 0.05) IGF-I production below that observed for insulin alone. These results indicate that, during follicular development in cattle, changes in intrafollicular levels of IGF-I may be due to hormonally-induced changes in granulosa-cell, but not thecal-cell, IGF-I production.     

谷氨酰胺和IGF-I对晋岚绒山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

为了探讨在成熟培养液中添加谷氨酰胺和IGF-I对晋岚绒山羊母羔卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。随机选择12只6-8周龄晋岚绒山羊母羔为试验动物,用FSH进行超数排卵,活体采集卵母细胞,并对未成熟的卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养。在培养液中添加0、50、100和150μg/mL的谷氨酰胺及0、25、50和100 ng/mL的IGF-I。结果表明：培养液中谷氨酰胺添加量为100μg/mL时,能显著提高卵母细胞成熟率（P〈0.05）;在培养液中添加100μg/mL谷氨酰胺的基础上,再添加50 ng/mL的IGF-I可以进一步显著提高卵母细胞的成熟率（P〈0.01）。     

La（NO3）3对达乌里胡枝子种子活力的影响

用质量浓度为100～1 000 μg/mL的La(NO3)3溶液处理48 h达乌里胡枝子Lespedeza davurica种子来研究其种子活力、种子吸水速率和膜透性。结果表明：质量浓度为200～800 μg/mL的La(NO3)3溶液浸种可促进达乌里胡枝子种子的萌发,提高种子活力,提高种子相对吸水量,增大膜通透性;质量浓度为700～800 μg/mL 的La(NO3)3处理效果最佳,质量浓度大于900 μg/mL则抑制种子萌发。     

Quantitative assessment of blood volume, blood flow, and permeability of the brain of clinically normal dogs by use of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of regional variation, interobserver variability, and vessel selection on quantitative vascular variables derived by dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) of the brain of clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS: 14 adult dogs with no evidence of CNS dysfunction. PROCEDURES: Dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups, and DCE-CT was performed at the level of the frontal lobe, rostral portion of the parietal-temporal lobes, caudal portions of the parietal-temporal lobes, or occipital lobe-cerebellum for groups 1 to 4, respectively. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and permeability in gray and white matter for both a large and small artery were calculated and compared. Values among 3 observers and 4 regions of the brain were calculated and compared. RESULTS: Significant interobserver variability was detected for CBF and permeability in white matter. Values calculated for large and small arteries were correlated for CBV and CBF but not for permeability. Overall mean +/- SD for CBF, CBV, and permeability in gray matter was 53.5 +/- 27.7 mL/min/100 g, 2.9 +/- 1.4 mL/100 g, and 1.4 +/- 2.2 mL/min/100 g, respectively. Mean for CBF, CBV, and permeability in white matter was 44.2 +/- 28.5 mL/min/100 g, 2.5 +/- 1.5 mL/100 g, and 0.9 +/- 0.7 mL/min/100 g, respectively. Values did not differ significantly among brain regions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Significant regional variations were not detected for quantitative vascular variables in the brain of clinically normal dogs. However, interobserver variability and vessel selection have an important role in variable estimation.     

Bioavailability of transdermal methimazole in a pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) in healthy cats

The antithyroid drug methimazole is widely used for the medical management of feline hyperthyroidism. Recently, custom veterinary pharmacies have offered methimazole in a transdermal gel containing pluronic and lecithin (PLO), with anecdotal evidence of efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioavailability, relative to i.v. and oral routes of administration, of transdermal methimazole in a PLO gel in cats. Six healthy adult cats were assigned to receive 5 mg of methimazole by the i.v., oral, or transdermal routes, in a randomized triple crossover protocol with 1 week washout between doses. Blood samples were taken for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of serum methimazole, at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 min, and 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after dosing. Methimazole absorption following transdermal administration was poor and variable, with only two of six cats achieving detectable serum methimazole concentrations at any time point following transdermal administration. Area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and absolute bioavailability were all significantly lower for the transdermal route (0.39 +/- 0.63 microg h/mL, 0.05 +/- 0.09 microg/mL, and 11.4 +/- 18.7%, respectively) than for either i.v. (7.96 +/- 4.38 microg h/mL, 3.34 +/- 2.00 microg/mL, 100%) or oral routes (2.94 +/- 1.24 microg h/mL, 0.51 +/- 0.15 microg/mL, 40.4 +/- 8.1%). The results of this study indicate generally low to undetectable bioavailability of methimazole in a lecithin/pluronic gel given as a single transdermal dose to healthy cats, although one individual cat did achieve nearly 100% transdermal bioavailability relative to the oral route.     

An improved radioimmunoassay for measurement of pepsinogen in porcine blood samples

The study was conducted to develop a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of pepsinogen in porcine serum, and to use this test for the determination of pepsinogen concentrations in serum samples from fetuses and pigs of different ages. Compared to a previously described RIA, major improvements were made concerning the use of specific polyclonal antibodies and the use of an appropriate buffer. The assay was able to detect pepsinogen concentrations of >/=0.2 ng/mL. The recovery of pepsinogen was close to 95%. The intra-assay coefficients of variations ranged between 3.9 and 7.5% whereas the interassay ranged between 8.8 and 11.9%. These percentages correspond to a satisfactory accuracy and reproducibility of the assay. No cross-reactions were observed with the main commercially available products of the aspartic proteases family except porcine pepsin cross-reacted over 62.5 microg/mL. Pepsinogen concentrations increased steadily with increasing age of the fetuses and the pigs (P<0.05). Pepsinogen concentrations (+/-SE) in fetuses of 90-100 (n=24) and 100-110 days of pregnancy (n=36) were 0.5+/-0.1 and 5.3+/-1.3 ng/mL, respectively. In pigs of 21, 98, and 213 days of age, the pepsinogen concentrations were 290.6+/-10.8, 343.1+/-17.9 and 383.5+/-15.3 ng/mL, respectively. The results demonstrate that RIA is accurate and can be used easily to assess pepsinogen concentrations in pig sera. The test may constitute a valuable tool in epidemiological surveys and in studies related to gastric diseases in pigs.     

An evaluation of disinfectants for the sanitation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-contaminated transport vehicles at cold temperatures

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available disinfectants to sanitize porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) contaminated trailer models in cold climates (-20 degrees C and 4 degrees C). Disinfectants evaluated included Synergize, Aseptol 2000, Biophene, Sentramax, Virkon, Tek Trol, and DC&R. All products were applied to trailers via fumigation at 4 degrees C. Following experimental contamination of model trailers with PRRSV MN 30-100 (5 x 10(5) TCID50), models were tested for the presence or absence of PRRSV-RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on swabs collected 0, 30, and 60 min after treatment. Treatments included washing only, washing plus disinfectant fumigation, washing plus fumigation, and washing plus overnight drying. The PRRSV-RNA detected across trailers ranged from 0/12 replicates in trailers treated with Synergize or allowed to dry for 8 h. These trailers were also negative for the presence of infectious PRRSV, based on the lack of sentinel pig infection (0/4 replicates). In contrast, the detection of PRRSV-positive swabs by PCR ranged from 3/12 (Aseptol) to 10/12 (Biophene). Based on these results, the efficacy of Synergize was evaluated at -20 degrees C. In an attempt to reduce the impact of freezing on disinfectant activity, 30 mL of disinfectant was added to a 3840 mL of a 40% methanol solution, a 10% propylene glycol (PG) solution, or water alone. The PRRSV-contaminated trailers were treated with 1 of 3 disinfectant mixtures via fumigation, stored for 8 h at -20 degrees C, allowed to thaw, and sampled as described. Trailers treated with 40% methanol or 10% PG did not freeze and were negative for PRRSV-RNA and infectious virus following thawing. In contrast, trailers treated with disinfectant and water were frozen within 60 min at -20 degrees C, and decontamination was not successful.     

安徽地区IBDV超强毒株的分离鉴定和VP2基因序列分析

经鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)接种、易感鸡接种试验、电镜观察,从安徽地区疑似病鸡的法氏囊组织分离到3株传染性法氏囊病毒。分离株人工感染4周龄鸡,致死率分别为92%、83%、67%。接种9～10SPF鸡胚测得的鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50)分别为10-6.8/0.2mL、10-5.4/0.2mL、10-4.6/0.2mL。应用Nested-PCR分别对3株分离株VP2基因高变区进行克隆测序和序列分析,结果表明:3个分离株与国内外参考超强毒株的核苷酸同源性为97.2%～99.5%,氨基酸同源性为99.3%～100%,VP2高变区核苷酸和推导的氨基酸符合传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株特征。