The Separation of Peripheral Blood Cells of the Horse

The peripheral blood cells from Standard bred horses were subjected to procedures which will separate equine peripheral blood cells with good precision and efficiency into red cell, leukocyte, and platelet fractions. The separated cells have normal morphology and the differential count of the separated granulocytes and lymphocytes is unchanged from that of the original sample.     

Dorsal Laminectomy in the Horse II. Evaluation in the Normal Horse

Subtotal dorsal cervical laminectomy was performed on nine normal horses to evaluate positioning, refine the surgical technique, and assess the immediate and long-term effects of this procedure in the horse. Funkquist type B laminectomies were performed at various levels from C3-C4 to C6-C7. Absorbable gelatin sponge or autogenous nuchal fat was placed over the exposed dura mater. Surgery times varied from 2 to 3 hours, and all horses recovered without complication. Rapid primary intention wound healing occurred, with two horses showing neck pain. All remained neurologically normal. The horses were euthanized 6 weeks, 3 months, or 6 months postoperatively. Myelograms performed just prior to euthanasia demonstrated normal or expanded dye column widths. Necropsy revealed that all surgical sites had healed well. The laminectomy membrane was soft and pliable and could be easily separated from the underlying dura mater when fat was used as interpositional material. When gelatin sponge was used, the laminectomy membrane was firmly bonded to the dura. Spinal cords at the level of laminectomy appeared normal and moved freely within the vertebral canal. Histological evaluation of the laminectomy sites and associated spinal cord revealed no abnormalities attributable to the surgery. It was concluded that dorsal cervical laminectomy can be performed in horses without untoward sequelae. The procedure may be useful for the treatment of equine cervical compressive myelopathies.     

运输应激对马血细胞和血液生化指标的影响

为了调查运输应激对伊犁马血细胞和血液生化指标的影响,试验选取6匹伊犁母马,进行400 km里程的运输,总运输时间为8 h,分别在运输0、4、8 h和落地12 h后,测定马血清急性期蛋白（APPs）、皮质醇（Cor）、热休克蛋白（HSPs）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量以及血液常规指标。结果显示,与运输0 h相比,运输8 h马触珠蛋白（HP）含量显著上升（P<0.05）,运输4、8 h和落地12 h后马血清Cor含量均极显著上升（P<0.01）;落地12 h后马血清HSP90含量极显著下降（P<0.01）;运输对马血清IFN-γ和TNF-α含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）;运输4、8 h和落地12 h后血液红细胞分布宽度标准差（RDW-SD）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）、血小板大细胞比率（P-LCR）、粒细胞（GRAN）和粒细胞比率（GRAN%）均显著上升（P<0.05）,中间细胞比率（MID%）、中间细胞（MID）、血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）均显著下降（P<0.05）。综上所述,运输应激对马血清HP、Cor、HSP90浓度、血液RDW-SD、PDW、P-LCR、GRAN%、GRAN、MID%、MID和MCHC均产生显著影响,这些指标可用于评价马对运输应激的敏感性。     

不同光照条件下褪黑素对鸡外周血细胞消长规律的影响

在不同光照条件下,分组饲养7日龄鸡45只,翼下静脉采血,用经典血细胞计数法,在显微镜下计数,同时用比色法测定血红蛋白含量。结果表明,随着光照时间的延长,由于褪黑素的分泌受到抑制而使白细胞数、红细胞数和血红蛋白含量显著下降,经统计分析不同光照组间的测定结果均存在显著差异,从而说明内源性褪黑素水平对鸡的外周血细胞数量有显著影响。     

Peripheral neuropathy associated with dietary riboflavin deficiency in the chicken. I. Light microscopic study

Chickens fed a riboflavin-deficient diet from hatching had leg weakness and paralysis as early as 12 days of age. Signs worsened through day 16; after 35 days, recovery was evident. Sciatic nerves from affected chickens were enlarged. Significant microscopic lesions were confined to peripheral nerves and included tissue separation (suggesting interstitial edema), Schwann cell swelling, perivascular leukocytic infiltration, and segmental demyelination accompanied by accumulation of osmiophilic debris in Schwann cell cytoplasm. Axon degeneration was present, but was not a primary lesion. Acid phosphatase enzyme activity of Schwann cells was increased in affected nerves. These results demonstrate that dietary riboflavin deficiency causes a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in young, rapidly growing chickens.     

不同光照条件下褪黑素对鸭外周血细胞消长规律的影响

在不同光照条件下,分组饲养了日龄雏鸭45只,研究褪黑素对鸭外周血的白细胞数、红细胞数和血红蛋白含量变化的影响。采用翼下静脉采血．用经典血细胞计数法（WBC,RBC）,在显微镜下计数,同时用比色法测定血红蛋白舍量。结果表明：随着光照时间的延长。由于褪黑素的分泌受到抑制而使白细胞数、红细胞教和血红蛋白含量显著下降,经统计分析不同光照组与对照组间的测定结果均存在显著差异。从而说明内性褪黑素水平对鸭的外周血细胞数量有显著影响。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒不同毒株感染对猪外周血免疫细胞含量的影响

采用猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)变异株HN07-01和经典美洲株BJ-4人工感染2月龄仔猪,通过观察发病情况、检测外周血免疫细胞和PRRSV特异血清抗体水平,研究了不同毒株PRRSV的致病特性.结果表明:PRRSV变异株感染后能够引起高热症状;变异株HN07-01株感染后引起的外周血各类免疫细胞下降速度和下降程度显著高于BJ-4株.提示PRRSV变异株引起机体的免疫抑制明显强于BJ-4株;PRRSV特异血清抗体结果表明:变异株和BJ-4株均能快速诱导机体产生抗体.     

猪围产期外周血ANAE+T细胞动态观察

有用酸性α－醋酸萘酯酶（ANAE）染色方法测定了11头猪围产期外周血不同时期总ANAE^ T与大颗粒型ANAE^ T细胞（tANAE^ T细胞与lgANAE^ T细胞）百分率，结果表明，猪分娩前21d至分娩前6d，外周血tANAE^ T细胞与lgANAE^ T细胞百分率均低于分娩后第25d的相应指标，说明猪妊娠后期细胞免疫功能低下；分娩前10d，猪外周血tANAE^ T细胞与lgANAE^ T细胞百分率均较分娩前第21d的相应指标显著升高（P＜0．05），提示分娩的启动可能与母体细胞免疫功能增强，导致免疫排斥的发生有一定关系，分娩后tANAE^ T细胞与lgANAE^ T细胞百分率降低后逐渐升高，tANAE^ T细胞分娩后第10d,lgANAE^ T细胞于分娩后第5d已分别明显高于猪分娩前第21d的相应指标（P＜0．05），猪分娩后第25d的tANAE^ T细胞与lgANAE^ T细胞和正常未妊娠母猪的相应指标接近，表明猪分娩后5－25d细胞免疫功能已渐恢复正常。     

5匹马外周血单个核细胞表达MHC-I类分子的差异分析

基于RT-PCR方法,扩增了用于马传染性贫血病毒(Equine infectious anemia virus,EIAV)减毒疫苗株CTL表位研究的5匹马的编码经典MHC-I类分子的大部分基因,具体包括编码肽结合区大部分区域、α3区、穿膜区及胞浆区蛋白的基因,并进行了PCR产物的克隆和测序。试验马匹外周血单个核细胞(Peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells,PBMC)的总RNA提取物经RT-PCR扩增,并将所得产物进行T-A克隆。从每匹马的所有克隆中,分别随机挑取鉴定为阳性重组质粒的21~23个克隆用于测序分析。研究结果表明,5匹试验马匹各自具有3~5个等位基因,由于MHC-I分子等位基因表达的共显性特征,可以推测马的基因组内可能存在2~3个基因座对应于这些等位基因,这与国外已有研究结论基本一致。另外,不同马匹PBMC表达的MHC-I类分子的差别水平不一致。除了6号与7号和10号马之间MHC-I类分子的差异较大,无相同或高度相近的经典MHC-I类分子序列外,各马匹间均表达具有1个或1个以上的相同或高度同源的对应经典的MHC-I类分子的mRNA。以上研究结果既可作为正在开展的EIAV减毒疫苗株CTL表位研究的基础性、支持性数据,又可进一步丰富国内马的经典MHC-I分子多态性方面的相关研究。     

Serotonin-Containing Cells in the Horse Gastrointestinal Tract

The presence and distribution of serotonin-containing cells in the gastroenteric tract of horses have been investigated. The enterochromaffin (EC) cells have been identified using immunostaining procedures at both light and electron microscopic level. The EC cells were very numerous in the pyloric gland region, were only few in the duodenum but were absolutely lacking from the more distal portions of the intestine.     

Morphological and Cytochemical Studies of Peripheral Blood Cells of Schizothorax prenanti

The morphological and cytochemical studies of peripheral blood cells of Schizothorax prenanti were studied by light and electron microscopy. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes and three types of leucocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, were distinguished and characterized. In addition to mature erythrocytes, immature and dividing erythrocytes were observed. A few organelles such as mitochondria were distributed in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes. Lymphocytes with heavily clumped heterochromatic nucleus and minimal cytoplasm were classified into small and large lymphocytes. Three different populations of granules, with distinctive ultrastructural aspect, were observed in neutrophils. Monocytes were the fewest leucocytes possessing rich organelles, phagocytized materials and vacuoles. Thrombocytes with various types were the most abundant blood cells among leucocytes and contained a prominent nucleus with dense bands of heterochromatin and many cytoplasmic vacuoles. Periodic acid‐Schiff staining was positive in neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and thrombocytes, but not in erythrocytes. Peroxidase‐positive staining was observed in neutrophils and monocytes, but not in erythrocytes, lymphocytes and thrombocytes. Only neutrophils were positive for oil red O. Except for erythrocytes, the other blood cells stained positively for acid phosphatase. Only neutrophils and monocytes were positive for α‐naphthyl acetate esterase. None of the cells studied were positive for alkaline phosphatase. The morphologic and cytochemical features of blood cells of S. prenanti are similar to those of other fish. This investigation may be helpful as a tool to monitor the health status of cultured S. prenanti and will grant early detection of clinical pathology.     

非洲猪瘟病毒诱导猪红细胞凋亡并促进猪外周血单核细胞的吞噬作用

本研究旨在探讨非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）对猪红细胞（RBCs）的作用以及对猪外周血单核细胞（PBMs）吞噬能力的影响。试验采用流式细胞术检测ASFV侵染猪原代肺泡巨噬细胞（PAMs）和猪红细胞（RBCs）的能力,并检测ASFV诱导RBCs发生凋亡的百分比;同时采用激光共聚焦试验（Confocal）观察ASFV诱导RBCs发生凋亡是否影响PBMs的吞噬能力。结果显示,ASFV不能入侵RBCs,但以时间和剂量依赖性方式诱导RBCs发生凋亡。0.1 MOI ASFV接种RBCs后1、3、5和7 d可分别诱导1.27%、3.23%、7.39%和8.56%的RBCs发生凋亡;1 MOI ASFV接种RBCs后1、3、5和7 d可分别诱导1.54%、3.73%、8.46%和10.74%的RBCs发生凋亡;3 MOI ASFV接种RBCs后1、3、5和7 d可分别诱导2.65%、5.01%、12.44%和18.61%的RBCs发生凋亡。同时,凋亡的RBCs可以增加PBMs对黄绿色荧光微球的吞噬数量,ASFV诱导RBCs凋亡的百分比越高,PBMs吞噬黄绿色荧光微球的数量越多。综上所述,ASFV不能侵染猪RBCs,但可以以时间和剂量依赖性方式诱导RBCs发生凋亡并增强PBMs的吞噬功能。     

Peripheral Nucleated Red Blood Cells as a Prognostic Indicator in Heatstroke in Dogs

Background: Heatstroke in dogs is often fatal and is associated with a high prevalence of secondary complications. Peripheral nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) occur in dogs with heatstroke, but their association with complications and the outcome is unclear.
Hypothesis: Peripheral NRBC are common in dogs with heatstroke and have prognostic significance.
Animals: Forty client-owned dogs with naturally occurring heatstroke.
Methods: Prospective, observational study. Dogs were followed from presentation to discharge or death. Serum biochemistry and coagulation tests were performed at presentation. CBC and evaluation of peripheral blood smears were performed at presentation and every 12 hours. The relative and the absolute NRBC numbers were calculated.
Results: Presence of NRBC was observed in 36/40 (90%) of the dogs at presentation. Median relative and absolute NRBC were 24 cells/100 leukocytes (range 0–124) and 1.48 × 10³/μL (range 0.0–19.6 × 10³/μL), respectively. Both were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (22) versus survivors (18) and in dogs with secondary renal failure and DIC versus those without these complications. Receiver operator curve analysis of relative NRBC at presentation as a predictor of death had an area under curve of 0.92. A cut-off point of 18 NRBC/100 leukocytes corresponded to a sensitivity and specificity of 91 and 88% for death.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Relative and absolute numbers of peripheral NRBC are clinically useful, correlate with the secondary complications, and are sensitive and specific markers of death in dogs with heatstroke, although they should never be used as a sole prognostic indicator nor should they replace clinical assessment.     

Physeal Fractures in the Horse:I. Classification and Incidence

Seventy appendicular skeletal physeal fractures in 67 horses were reviewed and classified using the Salter-Harris classification. All the horses were less than 2 years old (mean age at injury 6.2 months). The mean age at injury for pressure physeal fractures (5.2 months) was significantly less (p < .05) than for traction physeal fractures (8.3 months). The majority (67.2%) of the horses were female. Forty-eight (69%) pressure physes and 22 (31%) traction physes were affected. The most common pressure and traction physeal fracture sites were the proximal femoral physis and the proximal ulnar physis, respectively. Sixty-seven physeal fractures were classified: 14 as Type I (20.9%), 42 as Type II (62.7%), six as Type III (8.9%), and five as Type IV (7.5%). Forty-six pressure physeal fractures were classified: six as Type I (13.0%), 30 as Type II (65.2%), five as Type Hi (10.9%), and 5 as Type IV (10.9%).     

Effect of Recombinant Canine Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor on Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Counts in Normal Cats

Recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rcC-CSF) was administered subcutaneously at a dosage of 5 μg/kg/day to five healthy, young adult cats for 42 days. Mean neutrophil counts ± standard deviation increased significantly ( P > 0.001) from 10,966/μL ± 2324 to 30,688/μL ± 5296 within 24 hours after administration of the first dosage of rcG-CSF. Mean neutrophil counts reached 52,978/μL ±11,207 on day 6, representing a second significant increase ( P > 0.01) over the previous 5 days. Mean neutrophil counts continued to increase, reaching 66,994/μL ± 12,419 on day 14, then remaining within a range of 66,994 to 87,839/μL throughout the remainder of the study. The maximum mean neutrophil count was 87,839/μL ± 8,695 on day 42. Neutrophil counts remained high until the administration of recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was discontinued 42 days after initiation of therapy. Once the rcG-CSF administration was discontinued, neutrophil counts returned to pretreatment values within 5 days. There were no significant changes in numbers of any of the other cell lines. There was no clinically significant toxicosis associated with the administration of rcGCSF.     

临床健康牛外周血淋巴细胞亚类分布的研究

以流式细胞术研究了临床健康牛外周血中CD3、CD4、CD8和γδT淋巴细胞的分布情况.结果表明,牛外周血淋巴细胞中各T淋巴细胞亚类分布差异较大.其中CD3平均值为53.88±8.71%,CD4为17.13±3.22%,CD8为15.10±5.81%,γδT为18.77±8.07%.同时检测了广泛存在于各种淋巴细胞表面的白细胞介素-2α受体(IL-2Rα),发现IL-2Rα百分率与γδT细胞百分率具有正相关关系,即γδT细胞百分率高时,IL-2Rα也高,反之亦然.跟踪3头牛外周血各淋巴细胞亚类分布百分率的实验结果,证明牛外周血中各淋巴细胞亚类分布的差异,与牛的生物节律有着密切关系.