阿魏倍半萜类对家鸭毛毕吸虫肝脏卵肉芽肿的影响

对感染18条毛毕吸虫尾蚴的50日龄雏鸭分别于感染后41d起喂服阿魏倍半萜类及吡喹酮，两组用药组雏鸭肝内虫卵肉芽肿平均直径减小与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．os）、肉芽肿内嗜酸粒细胞数目减少与对照组无差异差异显著（P〈0．05），表明阿魏倍半萜类与吡喹酮对血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿的发展具有明显的抑制作用。     

羊角拗苷对家鸭包氏毛毕吸虫的影响

为了观察羊角拗苷类对不同发育阶段家鸭毛毕吸虫的影响,采用羊角拗水提取液制成不同浓度的羊角拗苷溶液定量喂服感染包氏毛毕吸虫尾蚴雏鸭,采用门静脉灌注法收集虫体,计算减虫率。结果显示,羊角拗苷类对1-42日龄感染包氏毛毕吸虫雏鸭的平均减虫率与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0.05）;尤其7-35 d感染雏鸭减虫率与对照组比较差异极显著（P〈0.01）。该结果表明,羊角拗苷类对感染雏鸭体内不同发育阶段的毛毕吸虫均有明显的杀灭作用。     

羊角拗甙对家鸭包氏毛毕吸虫的影响

为了观察羊角拗甙类对不同发育阶段的家鸭毛毕吸虫的影响,采用羊角拗的水提取液配制成不同浓度的羊角拗甙类溶液定量喂服感染了毛毕吸虫尾蚴的雏鸭,再采用门静脉灌注法收集虫体,计算减虫率。结果显示,羊角拗甙类对1~42日龄感染雏鸭的平均减虫率与对照组比较差异显著性(P0.05);尤其7~35d感染雏鸭减虫率与对照组比较差异极显著性(P0.01)。该结果表明,羊角拗甙类对感染雏鸭体内的不同发育阶段毛毕吸虫均有明显的杀灭作用。     

羊角拗甙对日本血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿的影响

对人工感染18条日本血吸虫尾蚴的雌性小鼠分别于感染后41 d起灌服羊角拗甙及吡喹酮,观察其对小鼠肝内虫卵肉芽肿和肉芽肿内嗜酸性粒细胞的影响。结果表明,小鼠肝内虫卵肉芽肿平均直径和肉芽肿内嗜酸性粒细胞明显减少,羊角拗甙与吡喹酮对血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿具有明显抑制作用。     

羊踯躅提取物对日本血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿影响

对感染15条日本血吸虫尾蚴的雌性小鼠分别于感染后45 d起灌胃羊踯躅提取物及吡喹酮,结果小鼠肝内虫卵肉芽肿平均直径和肉芽肿内嗜酸性粒细胞明显减少。试验结果表明,羊踯躅提取物与吡喹酮对血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿的发展具有明显抑制作用。     

吡喹酮对雏鸭体内毛毕属吸虫作用的观察

观察雏鸭体内不同发育阶段毛毕属吸虫童虫与成虫对吡喹酮的敏感性。用定量毛毕吸虫尾蚴感染雏鸭,感染2h,1、3、7、12、14、16、25、35d和42d分别一次性灌服500mg/kg吡喹酮。给药后4周解剖雏鸭,采用门静脉灌注法收集虫体,计算减虫率。结果显示,吡喹酮对1、3、7、12、14、16、25、35、42日龄童虫或成虫的减虫率分别为16.9%、18.0%、71.3%、50.2%、36.9%、31.3%、45.3%、58.0%、26.4%,其中以7~35日龄虫对该药最敏感,该结果表明,吡喹酮对雏鸭体内毛毕吸虫不同发育阶段均有杀灭作用,对7~35日龄虫体杀灭效果更为明显。     

阿魏倍半萜类药物对家鸭毛毕属吸虫作用的研究

为了观察家鸭体内不同发育阶段毛毕属吸虫童虫与成虫对阿魏倍半萜类药物的敏感性,试验以（45±1）条毛毕属吸虫尾蚴感染家鸭,于感染后2小时和1,3,7,12,14,25,35,42天分别一次性灌服500 mg/kg阿魏倍半萜类药物。给药后4周解剖家鸭,采用门静脉灌注法收集虫体,计算减虫率。结果表明：阿魏倍半萜类药物对1,3,7,12,14,25,35,42日龄童虫或成虫的减虫率分别为16.9%、18.0%、71.3%、50.2%、36.9%、45.3%、58.0%、26.4%,其中7-35日龄毛毕属吸虫对阿魏倍半萜类药物最敏感。说明阿魏倍半萜类药物对家鸭体内毛毕属吸虫不同发育阶段均有杀灭作用,对7-35日龄毛毕属吸虫杀灭效果更为明显。     

阿魏倍半萜类药物对家鸭毛毕属吸虫作用的研究

为了观察家鸭体内不同发育阶段毛毕属吸虫童虫与成虫对阿魏倍半萜类药物的敏感性,试验以(45±1)条毛毕属吸虫尾蚴感染家鸭,于感染后2小时和1,3,7,12,14,25,35,42天分别一次性灌服500 mg/kg阿魏倍半萜类药物。给药后4周解剖家鸭,采用门静脉灌注法收集虫体,计算减虫率。结果表明:阿魏倍半萜类药物对1,3,7,12,14,25,35,42日龄童虫或成虫的减虫率分别为16.9%、18.0%、71.3%、50.2%、36.9%、45.3%、58.0%、26.4%,其中7~35日龄毛毕属吸虫对阿魏倍半萜类药物最敏感。说明阿魏倍半萜类药物对家鸭体内毛毕属吸虫不同发育阶段均有杀灭作用,对7~35日龄毛毕属吸虫杀灭效果更为明显。     

某种牧草提取物对日本血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿的影响

日本血吸虫病的病理基础是在肝、肠所形成的虫卵肉芽肿,其形成机理已被证明是免疫反应。吡喹酮对血吸虫成虫、童虫、尾蚴和毛蚴均有强大的杀灭或抑制作用,对虫卵作用尚有争论,在生产中还发现一些植物具有灭螺作用。笔者等筛选了抑制钉螺繁殖的高蛋白牧草进行了研究。本实验对比观察吡喹酮与灭螺牧草对小鼠肝脏内日本血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿的作用及对肉芽肿内嗜酸性粒细胞的影响。     

添加不同抗热应激剂对热应激奶牛体内微量元素影响的研究

在高温季节,选择体重相近,体质外貌相似,生产性能相近,泌乳量为10～15kg健康牛20头。采用单因素对比试验方法将20头奶牛随机分为四组,研究添加不同抗热应激荆对奶牛血液、乳和毛中微量元素影响,结果表明：日粮中添加维生素C,血中Zn的含量与对照组比较,差异显著（P〈0．01）,Cr、Se的量明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。添加复合抗热应激荆,血液中Fe的含量明显高于对照组（P〈O．05）,Cr含量比对照组高出2倍,差异极显著（P〈0．01）,Co含量明显减少（P〈O．01）。添加中草药抗热应激添加剂,血液中Fe、Se的含量明显高于对照组（P〈O．05）,毛Cr含量比对照组高出2倍,差异极显著（P〈p．01）。乳中Zn、Cr呈下降趋势,差异显著（P〈0．01）。毛Cr的含量各组均比对照组有增加,差异极显著（P〈0．01）,Sc、Mn、Co含量明显减少（P〈0．05）。     

湖北省荆州太湖港鸭血吸虫病流行现况

目的了解鸭血吸虫病在湖北省荆州太湖港地区的流行状况。方法用病原学检查方法调查鸭血吸虫感染率和螺类毛蚴感染率,用询诊法了解人群尾蚴性皮炎的患病情况。结果该地区鸭血吸虫感染率分别为湖滩放养鸭为4.52%,湖泊河流放养鸭为2.25%,螺类毛蚴感染率:湖滩椎实螺类为5.30%;湖区和坝区人群尾蚴性皮炎阳性率分别为8.89%和6.02%。结论该地区鸭血吸虫病流行仍较为严重,且对下水作业人员造成一定危害,是一个重要的公共卫生问题。     

Comparison of Albendazole and Praziquantel therapy of Echinococcus granulosus in naturally infected sheep

The effects of albendazole (10 mg kg-1 day-1) and praziquantel (50 mg kg-1 day-1) for 6 weeks on naturally infected sheep with pulmonary cysts of Echinococcus granulosus of proven viability were studied. Immediately following therapy, one of three sheep treated with praziquantel had viable cysts and 7 months later one of two sheep had viable cysts. One sheep died during albendazole therapy, but 7 months following therapy only one of five sheep had viable cysts. Electron microscopy demonstrated necrotic germinal layer tissue in most albendazole-treated cysts and praziquantel also had an effect on cyst ultrastructure. These data suggest that recurrence in humans treated with albendazole may be small. Whilst praziquantel was not particularly effective in this animal model, its clear effect on the ultrastructure suggests that an increased dose and combination therapy with albendazole may be more effective.     

Duration of immunity and absorption of cysticerci in calves after treatment of Taenia saginata cysticercosis with praziquantel

Calves were first infected with 5000 Taenia saginata eggs at six to 10 weeks old and treated with praziquantel 12 weeks later. Complete immunity against challenge lasted for at least 12 weeks following anthelmintic treatment. Six months after drug treatment over 90 per cent of the cysticerci had been completely absorbed but some were still detectable especially in the heart. An increase was observed in the ELISA values of sera from infected calves following treatment with praziquantel, but no such rise was detected in sera from resistant calves after challenge infection.     

Efficacy of praziquantel in the treatment of green sea turtles with spontaneous infection of cardiovascular flukes

Objective To assess the efficacy of praziquantel as a treatment for cardiovascular flukes in turtles.
Procedure Six green sea turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) spontaneously infected with cardiovascular flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) were treated orally with praziquantel, and necropsied 3 or 7 days later to look for flukes in the heart and major blood vessels. Six similar animals were maintained as untreated controls.
Results Absence of flukes in treated, but not control turtles, indicated that a one day course of treatment at a dose rate of 3 times 50 mg/kg body weight is effective.
Conclusion This result should be of value for preventing disease in wild caught green turtles introduced into farms or aquaria.     

Evaluation of praziquantel against induced Nanophyetus salmincola infections in coyotes and dogs

Efficacy of praziquantel against Nanophyetus salmincola, the trematode vector of salmon poisoning disease, was determined in coyotes (n = 29) and dogs (n = 25). The 10- to 14-week-old animals were fed fish or fish kidneys that contained metacercariae of N salmincola. To prevent salmon poisoning disease, all animals were treated with tetracycline on days 8 and 9 after they were fed fish. Ten days after ingestion of infected fish, 19 coyotes and 12 dogs were treated once with praziquantel, administered SC or IM, at dosages between 6.68 and 38.73 mg/kg of body weight. Within 8 days after treatment, the numbers of trematode eggs in feces and trematodes recovered from the small intestine were reduced by greater than 99% when compared with untreated controls. Signs of drug toxicosis were not observed. On the basis of these results, praziquantel at doses approved for use in dogs against cestodes was highly effective against N salmincola in coyotes and dogs.     

Effectiveness of Praziquantel Bath Treatments against Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in Grass Carp

Abstract

Many states ban the importation of fish infected with the Asian tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi. Treatment with an effective tapeworm parasiticide prior to shipment would allow fish to be imported that might otherwise be rejected. In this study, extended praziquantel bath treatments of infected grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella were tested to determine their efficacy against Asian tapeworms. Preliminary praziquantel treatments of 0.7 mg/L or more for an exposure period of 24 h at grass carp densities of 69 g/L were effective in eliminating all tapeworms from 22-g fish. When the treatment duration was lowered to 12 h, a praziquantel concentration of 2.8 mg/L was required for effective treatment. In replicated studies, significantly reduced tapeworm numbers (0–5 tapeworms per treated fish compared with 30+ tapeworms per control fish) were observed following 24-h exposures to praziquantel at 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/ L. Tapeworm elimination occurred only at the maximum concentration of 1.5 mg/L when 88-g grass carp were stocked at a density of approximately 6 g/L. When fish density was raised to 60 g/L, the 1.5-mg/L treatment did not eliminate all tapeworms: 4 of 30 fish contained a single tapeworm.     

复方吡喹酮、吡喹酮及丙硫咪唑治疗猪囊虫病的对比试验

应用复方吡喹酮、吡喹酮及丙硫咪唑治疗人工感染囊虫病猪33头,于治疗后4h、24h、77d及100d扑杀,对病猪肌肉组织、脑组织及囊虫进行了病理组织学和超微结构观察。结果表明,三种药物对病猪体内囊虫均具有杀死作用。治疗后24h,复方吡喹酮组病猪体内囊虫全部死亡,而吡喹酮组及丙硫咪唑组病猪体内仍有囊虫存活,治疗后77d及1O0d,复方吡喹酮组病猪体内囊虫全部死亡并被吸收;吡喹酮组病猪体内有多量失去生物活力的囊虫残留;内硫咪唑组病猪体内仍有多量囊虫存活。本实验证实,复方吡喹酮治疗猪囊虫病比吡喹酮及丙硫咪唑的治疗效果迅速而彻底.