基于AMESim-Simulink的混联式液压混合动力垃圾车建模与仿真

针对城市垃圾车的动力系统结构和控制策略,提出一种适用于城市垃圾车工况的混联式液压混合动力系统。介绍了混联式液压混合动力系统的结构与工作原理,基于AMESim与Simulink/Stateflow软件,建立垃圾车混联式液压混合动力系统的联合仿真模型,分析其燃油经济性。仿真结果表明,在只考虑垃圾车行驶工况下,采用混合动力垃圾车的燃油经济性比传统动力垃圾车提高了37.2%。     

电-电混合动力电动汽车的建模与仿真

针对以蓄电池-超级电容所组成的混合动力电动汽车中的能量分配问题设计了两种控制策略,固定因子控制策略与模糊控制策略,基于Matlab/Simulink建立了蓄电池模型、超级电容模型、电动机模型以及在两种控制策略下的整车仿真模型,在城市六循环工况与美国UDDS行驶工况下分别进行了仿真对比分析,通过分析表明.模糊控制策略能够更好地提高车辆的经济性.     

并联重型混合动力矿用车建模与控制策略

基于Cruise软件搭建并联重型混合动力矿用车动力系统的仿真模型。基于Matlab/Simulink软件建立基于转矩因子的逻辑门限控制策略。应用逻辑门限值的控制方法,控制发动机工作在高效率区间,由电机提供辅助动力,根据车辆运行工况对发动机和电机的转矩进行合理的分配。对建立的仿真模型及控制策略进行仿真分析,结果表明了控制策略可以有效地提高矿用车的燃油经济性。     

混合动力搅拌车动力系统参数匹配与仿真

以某混凝土搅拌车为研究对象,为其设计了串联式混合动力系统。根据车辆的基本参数与动力性、经济性需求,利用理论公式进行主要动力部件的确定。在AVL/Cruise软件中建立整车模型,基于C-WTVC循环工况进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,该串联式混合动力搅拌车可以满足动力性要求,与原型柴油动力搅拌车相比可明显降低油耗,在C-WTVC循环工况节油率达到21.4%。     

农用拖拉机HST与动力系统特性研究

静液压传动系统(Hydrostatic Static Transmission,HST)是农用拖拉机动力与传动的重要组成部分,HST与发动机系统联合工作特性直接影响整机的动力性和经济性。为了分析发动机与HST的传动效率并优化,利用发动机结合HST液压动力试验台对发动机全工况下的联合系统动力及经济性进行分析,得到不同油门及转速工况下的发动机输出特性以及HST液压传动特性,对不同工况下动力系统和传动系统的经济性和效率进行研究。根据静液压传动特性、发动机特性和最佳工作曲线,确定了系统功率匹配及控制,运用Simulink建立动力传动系统的仿真模型计算出不同负载下的HST传动效率。通过发动机及HST传动系统的合理匹配可以实现农用拖拉机总体动力性和经济性目标。     

插电式混合动力汽车动力系统参数匹配优化

以某款插电式串联混合动力汽车作为研究对象,根据整车设计技术要求进行了动力传动系参数匹配设计。基于MATLAB/SIMULINK和iSIGHT软件建立了动力部件和整车仿真模型,并采用遗传算法对传动系参数及发动机开启参数进行优化,对优化前后整车动力性和经济性进行仿真分析比较。结果表明,在满足整车动力性设计和纯电动续驶里程指标的前提下,在NEDC工况下,优化后整车百公里油耗降低了5.37%。     

基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的混合动力拖拉机节能控制

以某并联式柴电混合动力拖拉机为研究对象，分析其拓扑结构特点及工作特性，构建拖拉机旋耕、犁耕耦合动力学模型，以整机等效燃油消耗量最小为目标，电机功率和柴油机功率为控制变量、电池荷电状态为状态变量，建立基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的节能控制策略，基于Matlab仿真平台对该节能控制策略进行仿真试验。结果表明：与基于最佳经济性曲线的节能控制策略相比，所制定的基于庞特里亚金极小值原理节能控制策略能够合理控制柴油机和电机的运行状态，使柴油机、电机工作在高效率区，有效降低了拖拉机田间作业时的等效燃油消耗量。旋耕工况下，等效燃油消耗量降低10.44%;犁耕工况下，等效燃油消耗量降低11.20%。     

液压混合动力轮式装载机节能影响因素分析与优化

分析了低速作业工况下轮式装载机的能耗损失和混合动力装载机节能潜力。根据液压储能的特点,设计了液压混合动力并联式节能方案,通过计算和仿真,研究影响节能效果的主要因素,并对其进行优化。结果表明：优化液压混合动力系统的匹配关系,合理选择控制策略参数,充分回收制动动能和整机下长坡的重物势能,有利于提高装载机的节能指标。     

混联型混合动力汽车能量管理策略优

对一种混联型混合动力系统运行工况进行了分析.基于发动机、电机和蓄电池的效率图,建立了混联型混合动力汽车充电工况和放电工况的系统效率模型.放电工况以系统放电效率最大为优化目标,充电工况根据蓄电池荷电状态不同,分别以系统充电效率最大、系统充电效率与充电功率乘积最大为优化目标,对混合动力系统能量管理策略进行了优化研究,获得了汽车在不同运行条件下的发动机、电动机和发电机的最优控制转矩及转速.燃油经济性仿真结果显示,该混合动力系统在NEDC循环工况下的整车燃油消耗降低36.95%.     

新型电控液驱车辆燃油经济性计算与分析

利用系统辨识的原理建立发动机数学模型,建立了电控液驱车辆不同行驶状态下的燃油经济性计算模型。采用基于MATLAB/Simulink语言编写计算程序进行仿真分析,通过实例计算得出了电控液驱车辆不同行驶工况下的燃油消耗指标,与传统车辆进行比较,电控液驱车辆具有明显的节能效果。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。