羊捻转血矛线虫的免疫机理及控制其感染的营养调控措施

捻转血矛线虫是感染羊的主要胃肠道吸血线虫之一,主要引起羊贫血和生产性能下降,给养羊业造成极大经济损失。防控胃肠道线虫感染的普遍措施是采用化学驱虫药,然而,胃肠道线虫的抗药性和畜产品中药物残留问题迫使人们研究新的抗虫措施。明确捻转血矛线虫的免疫机理并通过营养调控措施改善宿主抗性和恢复力是理想的防控途径。营养调控原理是基于胃肠道线虫感染后宿主的生理和病理反应,通过调控宿主营养水平来提高自身抗虫性和感染后的恢复力。本文综述了羊捻转血矛线虫的生活史、免疫机理及控制羊捻转血矛线虫感染的营养调控措施,包括调控羊饲粮蛋白质水平、矿物元素水平和抗虫营养活性物质。     

植物单宁防治反刍动物胃肠道线虫感染的研究进展

胃肠道线虫感染对反刍动物生产造成了巨大的经济损失。采用驱虫药进行胃肠道线虫防治工作时药物残留等问题严重,而饲喂具有抗虫作用的植物及其提取物则因其天然、高效的特点可以研究作为替代驱虫药的新型驱虫措施。本文主要对植物单宁的抗虫作用机理、常见的富含单宁植物的抗虫作用研究成果进行了综述。     

山西省牛、羊胃肠道寄生虫调查与综合防控措施

为了弄清山西省牛、羊胃肠道感染主要寄生虫的种类及其感染强度,进而制订合理有效的防控措施,试验采用饱和食盐水漂浮法对山西省大同、朔州和忻州3个地区12个县的牛、羊胃肠道寄生虫感染情况进行了调查。结果表明:在3个地区12个县中,胃肠道寄生虫感染率最高达91%,感染强度最高可达3 646.66个(每克粪便中的虫卵数),且多为数种寄生虫混合感染。不同地区和不同畜种间差别较大,以大同地区牛、羊感染较重,朔州和忻州次之;羊较牛感染严重。牛的细颈线虫、食道口线虫、古柏线虫、球虫检出率较高;羊的捻转血矛线虫、毛圆线虫、仰口线虫、细颈线虫、球虫检出率较高。     

哈萨克羊胃肠道线虫感染情况调查

胃肠道线虫病是对绵羊危害较严重的主要寄生虫病之一,严重影响养羊业的发展,为了摸清伊犁地区哈萨克羊胃肠道线虫感染情况,有效地指导防治工作。笔者采用硫酸镁饱和液漂浮法和尼龙筛兜淘洗法对本地区内哈萨克羊进行了初步抽检调查。调查结果表明:该地区哈萨克羊胃肠道线虫感染率为100%,所获寄生虫8种,即食道口线虫、捻转血矛线虫、细颈线虫、毛圆线虫、古柏线虫、夏伯特线虫、毛首线虫和类圆线虫,并多数羊只混合感染。     

鄂西恩施州四个山羊品种胃肠道线虫感染情况调查

为了评估湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州(简称恩施州)山羊感染胃肠道线虫的状况,从而制订合理的防控方案,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特计数法对鄂西恩施州3个地方山羊品种和1个杂交山羊品种共计343只山羊胃肠道线虫感染情况进行了流行病学调查。结果表明:山羊胃肠道线虫总感染率和感染强度分别为68.22%和1 065.70个/g,南江黄羊、恩施黑山羊、宜昌白山羊和杂交山羊感染率分别为52.00%、79.59%、69.05%和71.75%,感染强度依次为1 202.56,830.77,731.03和1 498.43个/g。恩施黑山羊感染率最高,但感染强度相对不高,南江黄羊感染率最低,而感染强度仅次于杂交品种。说明山羊胃肠道线虫感染率存在品种间的差异,可为今后的品种选育提供参考。     

高寒牧区牛羊胃肠道线虫病调查与防治试验报告

目的为进一步调查甘南高原牧区春乏期间,牛、羊不明原因死亡严重的情况,制定有效的防治技术方案。方法全州分为三大区域,93 330头（只）牛、羊分为3组,随机抽样,通过流行历史调查、临床症状、病理变化、粪便检查和剖检变化等,进行综合分析研究。结果粪便漂浮法检查出大量虫卵,带虫现象极为普遍,经诊断后,确诊为胃肠道线虫病。其中,寄生在牛胃肠道内的线虫有仰口线虫、辐射食道口线虫、古柏线虫等;寄生在羊胃肠道内的线虫有奥斯特线虫、仰口线虫、夏伯特线虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、细颈线虫、毛圆线虫、血矛线虫、马歇尔线虫、类圆线虫等,一般为混合感染。结论高寒牧区牛、羊胃肠道线虫病非常严重     

口服磷酸左旋咪唑对猪蛔虫的驱虫效果试验(第一报)

磷酸左旋咪唑为新近生产的畜禽驱虫药。据国内外试验资料证明,磷酸左旋咪唑注射液以4、6、8毫克/公斤剂量给药,对牛、羊绝大部分消化道线虫和肺线虫都有很高的     

芬苯哒唑控释丸对绵羊消化道线虫的临床驱虫效果观察

近年来,国内外为防治家畜蠕虫病研制出了高效、低毒、广谱的驱虫新药和新剂型.用中国农科院上海家畜寄生虫病研究所研制的芬苯哒唑长效控释丸,作为首选驱虫药来研究其对羊线虫的临床驱虫效果,为防治羊线虫病提供可靠的依据.芬苯哒唑是一种苯丙咪唑类广谱驱线虫药物,该药对羊血矛线虫、奥斯特线虫、毛圆线虫、古柏线虫、细颈线虫、仰口线虫、夏伯特线虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、网尾线虫的成虫及幼虫均有高效杀灭作用,并具有抑制雌虫排卵作用,但有关其临床上的有效用药剂量说法不一.为探讨该药一次有效使用剂量,以方便临床应用,于2004年9月份进行了不同剂量芬苯哒唑对自然感染线虫病羊的驱虫效果比较试验,现将试验过程与结果报道如下.     

羊肺线虫病的临床症状与防治

羊肺线虫病是由丝状网尾线虫和毛细缪勒线虫寄生在羊呼吸道而引起的一类疾病,其临床特点是慢性增生性肺炎,严重时伴有持续性咳嗽。咪唑类和大环内酯类驱虫药对本病有很好的治疗效果,做好羊场生物安全措施有助于降低感染率。     

“驱虫多”对羊体内多种寄生虫驱除试验

我国寄生于羊体的寄生虫常见的有肝片吸虫和胃肠道的捻转胃虫、结节虫、钩虫、毛圆线虫、细颈线虫、鞭虫,其次是肺线虫和绦虫。而现有的驱虫药,能驱除肝片吸虫的,不能驱除胃肠道线虫,能驱除胃肠道线虫的,又不能驱除肝片吸虫,或者对绦虫效果不好,或者对肺线虫效果不佳。总之,目前还没有一种驱虫药能同时驱除上述4大类多种常见寄生虫。为此,我们研制了“驱虫多”,于1989年1～     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.