靶向传染性法氏囊病病毒VP1基因siRNA对病毒复制的抑制

根据传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）VP1基因保守区序列,选择设计了3个靶向VP1的小干扰RNA序列（siR-NA）：VP1-siRNA668、VP1-siRNA1034和VP1-siRNA2250,化学合成DNA序列,体外转录合成siRNA,转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）后接种IBDV,分析siRNA对病毒复制的影响。结果显示,病毒接种后72h,3个VP1-siRNA转染组未出现明显的细胞病变（CPE）,病毒滴度分别为102.75,102.00,101.75 TCID50/0.1mL,而siRNACON转染和单纯IBDV接种对照组均出现明显CPE,病毒滴度均为106 TCID50/0.1mL;用荧光定量RT-PCR分析VP1基因水平,3个VP1-siRNA转染组比对照组分别降低了73.10%,81.79%,90.28%。结果表明,本试验选择设计的3个siRNA具有明显抑制IBDV复制功能,其中2 250位点的siRNA抑制效果最明显,推测该区域是VP1基因的重要功能区,是新型抗IBDV药物与疫苗设计的重要靶标。     

扶正解毒散及其超微粉体外抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒药效比较

采用鸡胚法和细胞法2种体外抗病毒试验比较扶正解毒超微粉(FZSM)和扶正解毒散(FZ)的抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)效果。鸡胚法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,接种10日龄SPF鸡胚,测定2种煎煮液对IBDV ELD50的影响。细胞法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,加入到长成单层的CEF中继续培养,观察并统计各孔的细胞病变(CPE)。结果显示,FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液均可以降低IBDV的病毒滴度和CPE抑制率,高浓度效果优于低浓度;同浓度FZSM效果优于FZ;预防作用效果优于治疗作用效果。结果表明FZSM和FZ均具有体外抗IBDV的作用,且FZSM效果优于FZ。     

gga-miR-21过表达细胞株对传染性法氏囊病病毒复制的影响

为研究microRNA(gga-miR-21)对传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)复制的影响,本研究利用PCR方法从鸡的肝细胞基因组中扩增细胞pri-gga-miR-21,克隆于慢病毒表达质粒pL-EGFP中构建重组质粒pL-miR-21。将pL-miR-21与3个包装质粒pLP1、pLP2和pLP/VSVG共转染293FT细胞,制备含gga-miR-21基因的重组慢病毒VL+miR-21。将VL+miR-21感染DF-1细胞,经杀稻瘟菌素筛选获得过表达gga-miR-21的细胞株DF-miR-21,采用定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)检测表明,gga-miR-21的表达量比正常DF-1细胞提高60%。将IBDV接种于DF-miR-21细胞,在96 h后,其病毒滴度(104.75TCID50/0.1 mL)显著低于正常DF-1细胞的病毒滴度(108.75TCID50/0.1 mL)。采用生物信息学方法和双荧光素酶报告系统分析验证,在IBDV基因组VP1基因中存在gga-miR-21的结合靶点。将IBDV感染DF-miR-21细胞,采用western blot分析,VP1蛋白的表达量比正常DF-1细胞显著降低;用qRT-PCR分析,VP1 mRNA水平与正常DF-1细胞没有明显差异。本实验结果表明:细胞gga-miR-21可以抑制IBDV的复制,其分子作用机理是在VP1基因翻译水平上实现的。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病（B87株）组织毒液生产工艺探讨

通过计算ELD50,将已知效价的鸡传染性法氏囊病(B87株)生产种毒分几个滴度进行稀释,分别接种SPF鸡胚,结果各组鸡胚随病毒接种量的提高,高峰期死亡时间逐渐靠前,高峰期死亡率也逐渐增加,抗原效价也逐渐提高,抗原产量也有明显变化,病毒滴度以102.0 ELD50/0.1mL接种鸡胚更合适.     

北京小鸭病毒性肝炎的研究——(三)鸡胚化鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)在鸡胚中的生长曲线及分布

本文是研究鸡胚在接种鸡胚化 DHV 后的四个问题:(1)鸡胚死亡发展的格局;(2)病毒在鸡胚中的生长曲线;(3)38℃恒温对死胚里病毒的影响;(4)鸡胚中各部分 DHV 的含量。接种病毒后48小时至56小时为鸡胚死亡的高峰;病毒滴度在接种后48小时至64小时之间都保持在最高水平,约10~8ELD50/0.1ml。当死胚继续孵化24小时后,病毒含量下降2个滴度单位,若再保温24小时,则病毒滴度几乎等于零。在鸡胚的不同部位中,胚胎合病毒的滴度为10(?)ELD50/0.1ml;羊水为10(?)ELD50/0.1ml;尿囊液为10(?)ELD50/0.1ml;卵黄囊为10(?)ELD50/0.1ml。讨论了这项研究的实用意义。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病组织病毒液（B87株）生产工艺探讨

通过计算ELD50,将已知效价的鸡传染性法氏囊病（B87株）生产种毒分几个滴度进行稀释,分别接种SPF鸡胚,结果各组鸡胚随病毒接种量的提高,高峰期死亡时间逐渐靠前,高峰期死亡率也逐渐增加,抗原效价也逐渐提高,抗原产量也有明显变化,病毒滴度以102.0ELD50/0.1mL接种鸡胚更合适。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒分离鉴定及具VP2基因高变区序列分析

利用SPF鸡胚培养法,自安徽两个不同鸡场分离到2株传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV),分别命名为AH01和AH002.为了解其致病特性,进行了鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50)测定、动物回归实验、VP2基因片段的扩增与分析.结果显示,AH01和AH02第一代尿囊膜悬液病毒的ELD50值分别为104.7/0.2 mL和105.3/0.2 mL,人工感染致死率分别为60％和73.3％;两分离株间的核苷酸同源性为97.8％,与国内外参考超强毒株的核苷酸同源性为96.0％～97.2％和96.7％～98.6％,提示其VP2高变区序列符合IBDV超强毒株特征.     

共表达新城疫病毒F基因、传染性法氏囊病病毒VP0基因的重组鸡痘病毒的抗原性和免疫原性

以鸡痘病毒(FPV)282E4株TK基因为侧翼,将2个相同的复合启动子ATI@p7.5×20以反向方式连接,分别调控新城疫病毒(NDV)F基因和传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP0基因,得到重组转移质粒pVP0-2ATI@p7.5×20F.然后将该重组转移质粒用脂质体转染预先感染FPV 282E4株的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),在经BrdU(5-溴-脱氧尿嘧啶)加压处理后的CEF上传代,用间接免疫荧光试验、Western blot检测,有2株鸡痘病毒能同时表达NDV F蛋白和IBDV VP0蛋白.用这2株重组鸡痘病毒刺种商品Leghorn雏鸡,于刺种前及刺种后1、2、3周对抗NDV特异性抗体水平和淋巴细胞转化能力检测,结果发现,重组鸡痘病毒能激发机体产生良好的免疫反应.结果表明,重组鸡痘病毒可以作为疫苗备选株进行研究与开发.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒JS株毒力测定

35日龄SPF鸡半数致死量(LD50)和9日龄SPF鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50)试验结果显示,传染性法氏囊病毒(1BDV)JS株的LD50为10-3.60.1 mL/只,ELD50为10-5.20.1 mL/胚;1～6周龄SPF鸡及商品鸡的致病性试验结果显示,IBDV JS株对SPF鸡和商品鸡3周龄后的致病率为100%,最高致死率分别为93.75%和75%;应用RT-PCR方法从IBDV JS株中扩增的VP2基因,经序列测定分析结果显示,IBDV JS株的VP2基因与香港HK46、日本OKYM、英国UK661等国际超强毒株的氨基酸序列的同源性达99%以上.表明IBDV JS株为超强毒株.     

表达鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2基因的重组火鸡疱疹病毒的构建及生物学特性分析

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是一种严重危害养禽业的高度致死性和免疫抑制性传染病。为研制IBD重组火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）活载体疫苗,本研究构建了表达鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）保护性抗原VP2基因的重组HVT并对其体外生物学特性进行了分析。通过RT-PCR扩增IBDV超强毒株VP2基因并克隆入pCI载体,获得重组真核表达质粒pCI-VP2。用限制性内切酶将携带CMV启动子的VP2基因表达框架切下,连接于入门质粒pENTR,构建获得重组入门质粒pENTR-VP2。将pENTR-VP2与HVT重组黏粒H3-Kan/ccdB进行LR重组反应,构建重组表达黏粒H3-VP2。用H3-VP2与其他4个相互重叠并覆盖HVT全基因组的黏粒共同转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）,拯救获得重组病毒rHVT-VP2。将重组病毒在CEF中连续传至20代后用PCR、间接免疫荧光试验和免疫印迹试验进行检测,并绘制重组病毒体外生长曲线,分析其体外复制特性。结果表明,重组病毒rHVT-VP2能够稳定表达VP2蛋白,rHVT-VP2在CEF中的复制能力与亲本病毒无明显差异。重组病毒rHVT-VP2免疫鸡后能够诱导产生IBDV中和抗体,并对IBDV强毒株攻击引起的死亡提供90%免疫保护。重组病毒rHVT-VP2的构建为研制IBD重组HVT活载体疫苗奠定了基础,对IBD的防控具有重要意义。     

Reduction of infectious bursal disease virus replication by shRNAs targeting the VP1 and VP2 genes driven by chicken U6 promoter

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in young chickens and results in considerable economic losses for the poultry industry. To suppress the replication of IBDV, two short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were designed for targeting the VP1 and VP2 genes of IBDV. Recombinant plasmids carrying each shRNA or two shRNAs were constructed based on vector pSilencer2.1-U6 in which the human U6 promoter was replaced with chicken U6 promoter. In chicken embryo fibroblasts, transfection with these shRNA plasmids 24 h before infection with IBDV B87 reduced 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID₅₀) from 10^8.75 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL to 10^3.75–10^1.0 TCID₅₀/0.1 mL. In 10-day old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos, incubation with a mixture of IBDV B87 and a shRNA plasmid via the allantoic cavity resulted in 100% mortality and high IBDV virus titer in the control group but 25–0% mortality and near normal embryo development in the specific shRNA groups; additionally, IBDV VP1 and VP2 mRNA levels were reduced by 72–95% in the shRNA groups as compared with the control groups. When challenged with a virulent strain IBDV GX8/99, 14-day-old chickens pre-treated with the single shRNA plasmids or the dual shRNA plasmid showed approximately 70% or 90% survival at 5 days post-challenge while those pre-treated with control plasmid or saline had less than 5% survival. The current study suggests that two IBDV shRNAs expressed by a plasmid under chicken U6 promoter could effectively and synergistically reduce IBDV replication in vitro and in vivo.     

表达传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2基因的重组鸡痘病毒的构建及其免疫保护性研究

以脂质体转染技术构建了表达鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）ＶＰ２基因的重组鸡痘病毒ＦＰＶ－ＶＰ２，该病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞及鸡体内均能稳定产生子代病毒，经翅皮下５×１０５ＰＦＵ／羽免疫１日龄ＳＰＦ鸡，免疫后４周以１００ＬＤ５０／羽ＩＢＤＶ超强毒株Ｇ株攻毒，获得了５／６的保护，但不能有效预防临床发病及法氏囊受损萎缩。实验结果证明了ＶＰ２是ＩＢＤＶ的宿主保护性抗原，提示Ｔ细胞介导的免疫可能在ＩＢＤＶ的免疫中起着较为重要的作用。本研究为ＩＢＤＶ重组病毒疫苗研制进行了有益探索。     

Adjuvant activity of chicken interleukin-12 co-administered with infectious bursal disease virus recombinant VP2 antigen in chickens

A recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV/VP2) expressing infectious bursal diseases virus (IBDV) VP2 gene has been constructed. After purification and identification of rFPV/VP2, the adjuvant activity of the recombinant chicken IL-12 (rchIL-12), synthesized by our previous construct of rFPV/chIL-12, in rFPV/VP2-expressed rVP2 antigen was assessed in one-week-old specific-pathogen free chickens. The results indicated that rchIL-12 alone or rchIL-12 plus mineral oil (MO) co-administered with rVP2 antigen significantly enhanced the production of serum neutralization (SN) antibody against IBDV, compared to those with MO alone. The SN titers in groups receiving rVP2 antigen with MO alone were more inconsistent after vaccination. On the other hand, rchIL-12 significantly stimulated IFN-γ production in serum and in splenocyte cultured supernatant, suggesting that rchIL-12 alone or plus MO significantly induced a cell-mediated immune response. Finally, bursal lesion protection from very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) challenge in chickens receiving rVP2 antigen with rchIL-12 alone or plus MO was much more effective than that with MO alone at two weeks after boosting. Taken together, rchIL-12 alone augmented in vivo the induction of a primary and also a secondary SN antibody production and a cell-mediated immunity against IBDV rVP2 antigen, which conferred the enhancement of bursal lesion protective efficacy from vvIBDV challenge. These data indicated that a potential for chIL-12 as immunoadjuvant for chicken vaccine development such as IBDV rVP2 antigen.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒BC6/85株VP2基因的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

为获得可用于鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)抗体检测的重组抗原VP2蛋白,根据GenBank中发表的IBDV VP2序列设计一对特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术克隆IBDV经典标准攻毒株(BC6/85株)的VP2基因,插入质粒pET-32a中构建重组表达质粒pET-32a-VP2,经IPTG诱导后获得了以包涵体形式表达的重组蛋白。重组蛋白纯化后,Western-blot检测表明具有良好的反应原性。本研究为下步建立IBDV抗体的间接ELISA方法及新型疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

IBDV流行强毒HQ-b株与其细胞适应毒生物学特性比较及VP2、VP5基因序列分析

为了解IBDV流行强毒HQ-b株囊毒与其细胞适应毒间生物学特性差异及2毒株毒力变化与VP2、VP5基因变异的关系,对2毒株的细胞适应性、致病性等进行比较,同时对其VP2、VP5基因序列进行分析。结果表明,HQ-b株囊毒对CEF、CEK、CELi、DF-1和Vero均不适应,而细胞适应毒HQ株仅不能适应Vero细胞、且批内及批间毒价稳定。致病性结果显示HQ-b株对4周龄SPF鸡致死率高达80%,是真正的超强毒,而细胞适应毒致死率已降为0%。对VP2基因高变区研究表明,HQ-b株具备IBDV超强毒株的分子特征,即222A、256I、294I和299S;其细胞适应毒HQ株除222A→P、256I→V、294I→L和299S→N外,在VP2公认的毒力位点253(Q→H)、279(D→N)、284(A→T)位氨基酸也发生改变,导致细胞适应毒具备经典弱毒株的分子特征,即222P、256V、279N、284T、294L和299N。对VP5基因研究表明:流行强毒HQ-b株也具有IBDV超强毒株的分子特征;其细胞适应毒VP5基因有12个位点碱基突变并导致9处氨基酸变异,尤其是ORF区第2个碱基由"T"突变为"C"后,导致细胞适应毒VP5的N端丢失了4个氨基酸,这种突变与现有的疫苗毒完全一致。本研究提供了超强毒HQ-b培育、驯化后致病性和细胞适应性转变的分子机理,也丰富了IBDV分子流行病学的理论。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒JS株VP2基因真核表达载体的构建及其应用

应用RT-PCR方法从鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)JS株中扩增出VP2基因,并克隆入T-easy载体。序列测定分析结果表明IBDVJS株的VP2基因与国际标准强毒株的核苷酸序列同源性达98%,氨基酸序列同源性达99%以上。随后将VP2基因克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1/zeo( ),构建成功真核表达质粒pcD-VP2,pcD-VP2体外转染COS-1细胞,能在COS-1细胞中表达。利用pcD-VP2质粒进行动物实验,结果表明雏鸡免疫14d后在体内可检测到特异性抗体,pcD-VP2的真核表达质粒二次免疫诱导鸡产生对IBDV强毒攻击的保护率为67%,这一结果提示VP2基因具有重要开发应用价值。     

Protective immune responses of recombinant VP2 subunit antigen of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of Gumboro disease and poses a huge threat to poultry industry. The risks associated with conventional attenuated viral vaccines make it indispensable to probe into the development of novel and rationally designed subunit vaccines which are safer as well as effective. VP2 is the major host-protective antigen found in IBDV capsid. It encompasses different independent epitopes responsible for the induction of neutralizing antibody. Here, we report the efficacy of the immunodominant fragment of VP2 which induces both humoral and cellular immunity against infectious bursal disease. A 366bp fragment (52-417bp) of the VP2 gene from an IBDV field isolate was amplified and expressed in Escherichia coli as a 21kDa recombinant protein. The efficacy of rVP2(52-417) antigen was compared with two commercial IBDV whole virus vaccine strains. The rVP2(52-417) induced significantly high antibody titres in chicken compared to commercial vaccines and the anti-rVP2(52-417) sera showed reactivity with viral antigens from both commercial strains (P<0.0001) and field isolates. Also, the chicken splenocytes from rVP2(52-417) immunized group showed a significantly high proliferation (P<0.01) compared to other groups, which implies that the rVP2(52-417) fragment contains immunogenic epitopes capable of eliciting both B and T cell responses. Further, rVP2(52-417) conferred 100% protection against vIBDV challenge in the immunized chickens which was significantly higher (P<0.001) compared to 55-60% protection by commercial vaccine strains. Hence, the study confirms the efficacy of the immunodominant VP2 fragment that could be used as a potent vaccine against IBDV infection in chicken.     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection based on the VP3 structural protein

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a contagious immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The aim of the present study is to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the expressed VP2 or VP3 protein of IBDV as the coating antigen for detecting antibodies to IBDV. Experimental results were compared with virus neutralization assay and a commercial-available ELISA. These assays were used to examine the sera from farm chickens and chickens vaccinated experimentally. The VP3-based ELISA had a higher correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.812 with a commercial ELISA kit at a serum dilution of 1:500 than that of VP2-based ELISA (R(2)) of 0.671. The relative sensitivity between virus neutralization and VP2-ELISA and VP3-ELISA was 96% (251/262) and 100% (262/262), respectively, and that between virus neutralization and a commercial ELISA was 99% (257/261). Additionally, compared with virus neutralization assay, the reference technique for diagnosing IBDV, VP3-based ELISA had an agreement value of 99%, superior to that of VP2-based ELISA (95%) or the commercial kit (89%). These results revealed that the capability of either VP2-ELISA or VP3-ELISA in detecting the field chicken sera was comparable to the commercial one, which is generally used to replace the virus neutralization assay. However, the preparation of VP3 is derived from an Escherichia coli expression system with a high yield and purification efficiency by Ni(2+)-NTA gels, which is more favorable to the insect cell-derived particles formed by VP2. Therefore, VP3-ELISA could be developed as an efficient and low cost diagnostic method for IBDV infection in field chickens.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒主要结构蛋白VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1串联基因的原核表达及其初步应用

为获得传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)特异性抗体检测用抗原VP2、VP1及VP2-VP1蛋白,分别设计引物扩增IBDV野毒株NN1172的VP2和VP1基因,并扩增VP2和VP1基因中抗原性和亲水性较好的重要区域,通过PCR扩增基因串联方法对截短的VP2和截短的VP1基因进行串联,首次获得VP2-VP1串联基因,并对VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1串联基因进行了原核表达和鉴定。结果成功构建了原核表达载体pET-VP2、pET-VP1和pET-VP2-VP1;诱导表达条件显示,3个重组质粒分别转入BL21菌株后经0.05 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达,分别得到分子量为69、114和63 kDa的VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1重组蛋白,且均以包涵体形式表达,3个重组蛋白分别于诱导后5、3和6 h时表达量最多。Western blot结果显示,表达的VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1蛋白与鸡抗IBDV阳性血清均具有良好的反应原性。以纯化的VP2、VP1和VP2-VP1蛋白作为包被抗原对传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、呼肠孤病毒(ReoV)、禽白血病病毒(ALV)和新城疫病毒(NDV)4种阳性血清检测均为阴性,表明所获得的纯化蛋白具有高度的特异性;对免疫了IBD灭活疫苗,IBD基因工程疫苗和IBD弱毒疫苗的商业鸡群进行抗体检测,结果均能显示疫苗免疫后机体抗体水平的变化趋势。本研究表明利用该原核表达系统所表达的3个蛋白均具有良好的免疫反应活性,为IBDV特异性抗体的检测和新型亚单位疫苗的研发奠定基础。