2009年1～2月全国进口农药量和价值

海关总署公布的数据显示。我国1－2月累计进口农药量（吨）10424，价值为（千美元）68581。其中1月份进15农药量（吨）4086，价值为（千美元）29310；2月份进121农药量（吨）6338，价值为（千美元）39288。去年同期进口农药量（吨）计：分别为1月份5416，2月份8182：价值（千美元）计：分别为1月份33860，     

更正

《植物保护》2016，42（2）：79－83刊登的“蛾龄、温度和相对湿度对草地螟自主飞行能力的影响”（作者：唐继红，程云霞，罗礼智，江幸福，张蕾）一文中标注的基金项目编号有误，正确的应为：国家国际科技合作专项（2014DFR31250）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303057，201403031）；国家自然科学基金（31301656，31371947）；北京市自然科学基金（6142017）。特此更正。     

丁苄在移栽稻田的除草效果和安全性

2）％丁等可湿性粉剂主要用于水稻田防除禾本科草、莎草科和阔叶类杂草。为厂明确其在移栽稻田的除草效果和对水稻的安全性，特进行本试验。一、材料与方法（一）供试药剂20％丁十可湿性粉剂（常州农药厂产）；以觎％丁草胺乳油（昆1！l化工厂产）和1（）％稻无草可湿性粉剂（如东农药厂产）作对照。（二）试验处理试验设6个处理：每亩用20％I》2（）（）g（商品量，下同）、2509、3009，60（，了草胺100ml，10％稻无草15g，以不施药为空白对照。小区面积月）m‘，随机排列，重复4次。（三）试验概况试验在江苏省练湖农场农科站试验田进行…     

骠绿浓乳剂在麦田的应用技术研究

骠绿浓乳剂在麦田的应用技术研究李品刚（宜兴市农业化学研究所２１４２００）吉林（无锡市植保植检站）戴建群，徐志平（宜兴市植保站）徐金顺，陆卫国，严伟群（张泽农技站）（南漕农技站）（周铁农技站）江苏省麦田杂草种类较多，危害重，对小麦生产威胁很大。近年来随...     

冬灌制度对膜下滴灌棉田土壤理化性质、酶活性和微生物群落的影响

为明确不同冬灌制度的应用效果，以南疆膜下滴灌棉田为研究对象，选取每年冬灌处理（CK）、不冬灌处理（H1）及隔年冬灌处理（H2）3种冬灌制度，结合高通量测序技术对冬灌后土壤的理化性质、生物学性质以及微生物群落组成进行测定与分析。结果表明：（1）各处理间0~20 cm土层土壤总盐含量无显著差异，与CK相比，H1和H2处理显著降低了脲酶（0.96%~1.35%）和转化酶活性（1.17%）以及微生物量氮含量（4.21%~7.03%），但H2处理显著提高了土壤有机质（14.30%）、全氮（14.29%）、全磷（4.55%）和全钾（7.40%）含量；H1处理显著降低了土壤有机质（6.03%）、全磷（12.5%）和水分（23.08%）含量，提高了微生物量碳氮比（7.37%）。（2）不同处理下细菌群落的丰度和多样性以及真菌群落的丰度无显著差异，但与CK相比，H1和H2处理显著提高了真菌的辛普森指数（4.12%~ 4.55%）。此外，H1较CK处理提高了细菌放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和真菌担子菌门（Basidiomycota）的相对丰度，H2较CK处理提高了细菌变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）和真菌被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）的相对丰度。（3）相关性分析结果表明细菌的群落结构主要受微生物量碳含量的影响，真菌的群落结构和多样性分别受转化酶和脲酶活性的影响。在无法保证每年冬灌用水的情况下，隔年冬灌更有利于保障膜下滴灌棉田的土壤耕地质量。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告

为从源头上解决农产品尤其是蔬菜、水果、茶叶的农药残留超标问题，我部在对甲胺磷等５种高毒有机磷农药加强登记管理的基础上，又停止受理一批高毒、剧毒农药的登记申请，撤销一批高毒农药在一些作物上的登记。现公布国家明令禁止使用的农药和不得在蔬菜、果树、茶叶、中草药材上使用的高毒农药品种清单。一、国家明令禁止使用的农药六六六（HCH），滴滴涕（DDT），毒杀芬（strobane），二溴氯丙烷（dibromochloropane），杀虫脒（chlordimeform），二溴乙烷（EDB），除草醚（nitrofen），艾氏剂（aldrin），狄氏剂（dieldrin），汞制…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告(第199号)

为从源头上解决农产品尤其是蔬菜、水果、茶叶的农药残留超标问题，我部在对甲胺磷等５种高毒有机磷农药加强登记管理的基础上，又停止受理一批高毒、剧毒农药的登记申请，撤消一批高毒农药在一些作物上的登记。现公布国家明令禁止使用的农药和不得在蔬菜、果树、茶叶、中草药材上使用的高毒农药品种清单。一、国家明令禁止使用的农药六六六（HCH），滴滴涕（DDT），毒杀芬（ca－mphechlor），二溴氯丙烷（dibromochloropane），杀虫脒（chlordimeform），二溴乙烷（EDB），除草醚（nitrofen），艾氏剂（aldrin），狄氏剂（dieldrin），…     

南宁市十字花科蔬菜植食性昆虫群落分析

南宁市十字花科蔬菜植食性昆虫群落结构，在人为防治干扰下，计有8目32科61种（类），按数量以鳞翅目，按种类以同翅目最多。主要是小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella），黄曲条跳甲（Phullotreta striolata），桃蚜（Myzus persicae），萝卜蚜（Lipaphis erysimi）和斑潜蝇类（Lirimyza）。群落的多样性低，波幅大，均匀度小。文中分析了两种管理菜区群落的特点及其动态。     

泰州局截获华莱士异胫长小蠹

2006年4月1日，泰州局检验检疫人员在泰州港对装载马来西亚原木的船舶开舱检查，发现在原木表层及舱壁上有大量昆虫，随即检疫人员关上舱门，在大轮上进行溴甲烷熏蒸处理。处理结束后进一步检查鉴定，共截获华莱士异胫长小蠹（Crossotarsw wallacei Thomson）、中对长小蠹（Platypus arallelus）、双棘长小蠹（platypus sp．）、材小蠹（Xyleborus sp．）、黄足长棒长蠹[Xylothrips flavipes（Illiger）]、星吉丁属（Chrysobothris sp．）、大眼象（Mecopus sp．）、澳洲脊虎天牛（Xylotrechus australis）、须白蚁（Hospitalitermes sp．）、大蕈甲科（Erotylidae）、拟步甲（Tenebrionidae）、步甲科（Carabidae）、蝽（Pentatomidae）、叶甲科（Chrysomelidae）、露尾甲科（Nitidulidae）、蠼螋（Dermaptera）等16种有害生物。其中华莱士异胫长小蠹，为国内首次截获。该批货物有马来西亚官方出具的植物检疫证书，并注明经溴甲烷熏蒸处理。     

“三改一治”综合治理小麦全蚀病

“三改一治”综合治理小麦全蚀病高士仁，吴洵耻，杜昌信（山东农业大学，２７１０１８）（济宁市值保站）张少伯，杨华奎（枣庄市植保站）（临沂地区植保站）小麦全蚀病（Ｇａｅｕｍａｎａｎｎｏｍｇｃｅｓｇｒａｍｉｎｉｓ）是山东省小麦的重要病害之一。近年调查，全省...     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.