Use of praziquantel for treatment of Diphyllobothrium sp infection in a dog

Eggs of a tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium sp (probably D dendriticum), were detected in feces of a healthy, 5-month-old, Siberian Husky. The dog acquired its infection in northern Canada while consuming a diet that included raw salmonid fish. Such fish serve as intermediate hosts for Diphyllobothrium spp. The infection was successfully eliminated by oral administration of a single dose of praziquantel (7.5 mg/kg of body weight.     

Recurrent ossifying epulis in a dog

A seven-year-old neutered/male Siberian Husky-cross dog was referred for evaluation of a gingival mass. Two years previously, the referring veterinarian had resected an ossifying epulis from the same area between the maxillary left first and second premolars. The neoplasm recurred 4-months after the original surgery. En bloc resection provided tumor-free margins. An oral examination 12-months following surgery indicated no gross signs of recurrence.     

Malignant melanoma involving the aorta in a dog

A four year old female Siberian husky presented with shifting hind limb lameness was euthanized and found to have disseminated malignant melanoma without oral, cutaneous or ocular involvement. The largest and possibly primary mass involved the aorta and sublumbar muscles and occluded as well as penetrated the aorta. Numerous smaller tumors were present in skeletal and soft tissues of both hind limbs, suggesting hematogenous spread from the aortic lesion.     

Resolution of persistent oral papillomatosis in a dog after treatment with a recombinant canine oral papillomavirus vaccine

This report describes a 16‐month‐old female, otherwise seemingly healthy, Siberian husky dog with severe oral papillomatosis that did not regress spontaneously and was refractory to surgical treatment over a 6‐month period. Regression of the papillomas was achieved by administering a series of experimental vaccinations starting at the time of the last surgery. The vaccine consisted of systemically administered canine oral papillomavirus major coat protein L1 that has been shown to self‐assemble into virus‐like particles. They cause a humoral response that has been shown to prevent the onset and development of papillomas. In this case, however, following unsuccessful surgical treatment, the vaccine acted therapeutically, causing the papillomas that had regrown to shrink. No side‐effects were noted.     

Zinc-responsive dermatosis in dogs: 41 cases and literature review

Forty-one cases of zinc-responsive dermatosis in the dog are described. The Siberian husky was the predominant breed affected. Periocular crusts were the most common clinical sign and parakeratosis was noted in the skin biopsy specimens of all dogs. Treatment with oral zinc ameliorated the clinical signs in most dogs, but cases necessitating other treatments such as parenteral zinc or retinoids are reported. The authors recommend a starting dose of 2–3 mg kg⁻¹ elemental zinc per day in the treatment of this disorder.     

Unilateral uveitis in a dog with uveodermatologic syndrome

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 7-year-old Siberian Husky-type dog with heterochromia irides was evaluated because of signs of pain associated with the right eye. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Unilateral panuveitis, iris bombé, and secondary glaucoma were detected in the right eye. Tear production was low bilaterally. Facial and truncal poliosis and vitiligo were also evident; skin biopsy specimens were obtained from the nasal planum. Uveodermatologic syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of histopathologic findings of a lichenoid interface dermatitis and pigmentary incontinence within the dermis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on skin samples retrospectively, and findings were inconclusive. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Treatment involved topical (ocular) and oral administration of corticosteroids, oral administration of azathioprine, and topical (ocular) administration of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a lacrimostimulant. The secondary glaucoma was refractory to treatment, and the right eye was enucleated. Uveodermatologic syndrome was confirmed via histologic examination of ocular tissues. The left eye remained free of inflammation 16 months after the initial diagnosis. The periocular skin and skin of the nose partially regained pigment, but the hair did not. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Some breeds in which uveodermatologic syndrome has been reported (eg, Siberian Huskies, Old English Sheepdogs, Australian Shepherds, and Shetland Sheepdogs) often have heterochromia irides. This case highlights the fact that dogs with asymmetric uveal pigmentation may have unilateral ocular changes; therefore, uveodermatologic syndrome should not be excluded as a differential diagnosis on the basis of unilateral clinical signs.     

亚成体东北虎感染巴氏杆菌死亡一例

2009年1月11日,北方森林动物园发生一起自繁自养的亚成体东北虎感染巴氏杆菌死亡病例。本病例从发病到死亡共5 d时间,病程较短,以食欲下降至废绝,饮水量不变,精神沉郁,口腔腺体分泌增多、流涎,呈滴水样,腹部疼痛感明显为特征,口服诺氟沙星和多酶片治疗无效后改用肌注头孢哌酮钠和庆大霉素治疗,3 d后出现神经症状抽搐死亡。剖检肝脏表面有大量的针尖大小黄白色点状坏死灶。根据临床症状、病理剖检和实验室检查,确诊为巴氏杆菌感染。     

圈养东北虎的医疗管理训练

2005—2011年,持续对北京动物园的3只圈养东北虎进行了医疗管理训练,相继完成串笼、体尺体重测量、后肢力量增强、肌肉注射、尾部采血、尿液收集、口腔及牙齿检查、修剪前爪等训练项目。通过训练,减少了日常饲养管理中动物对环境改变和人类干扰的应激反应;以往需要麻醉动物才能进行的肌肉注射、采血、口腔及牙齿检查和修爪等操作,现在可以引导动物在放松状态下主动完成,去除了麻醉对动物造成的伤害。圈养野生动物医疗管理训练不同于驯兽表演,是提高动物福利的有效手段。     

人工生境已成为鄱阳湖越冬白鹤的重要觅食地

受自然生境退化和土地利用方式改变的影响,越来越多鸟类依赖于人工生境生存。白鹤为IUCN极危物种,全球种群数量约3 500～4 000只,其中约98%的个体在鄱阳湖越冬。白鹤曾被认为是专性栖息于浅水生境中的鸟类,在鄱阳湖主要在浅水区取食水生植物苦草的冬芽。然而,近几年大量的白鹤离开自然生境,前往稻田和藕田觅食。本研究基于2010/2011～2017/2018年越冬季五星垦殖场(目前发现白鹤数量最多的人工生境)的白鹤调查数据,首次报道了人工生境中白鹤数量的长期动态。结果表明白鹤数量呈现逐渐增长的趋势,2016/2017～2017/2018年越冬季增长至1 115只,约占全球总数量的30%。由此可见,人工生境已成为白鹤的重要觅食地。觅食地改变使白鹤面临高强度的人为干扰,对此,建议加强白鹤对人工生境的适应性研究,评估白鹤的生存现状,为保护政策的制度提供科学依据。白鹤等依赖于水生植被生存的鸟类的觅食生境变化表明鄱阳湖水生植被退化严重,生态环境质量不断恶化。     

Endoparasites of the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)

There have been few reports on the diversity and prevalence of parasitic fauna of the endangered Siberian tiger, which inhabits the territory of the Russian Far East. The present review attempts to summarize the information about the parasitic fauna of wild Siberian tigers, which includes 15 helminths and 3 protozoan species. The most prevalent parasitic species was found to be Toxocara cati, followed by Toxascaris leonina. Another commonly recorded Platyhelminth species is Paragonimus westermani, which causes a lethal infection of the lung parenchyma in Siberian tigers. However, the information about infections by this fluke in the Siberian tigers is scarce, although P. westermani infections pose a serious health hazard to tiger populations. The nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Thominx aerophilus are found in Siberian tigers with an occurrence rate of 2.3% and 19%, respectively. The information on the parasitic infestations of captive populations of Siberian tigers is also presented along with the sources of infection and hazards for the wild tiger populations in their natural environment.     

Evaluation of oral and subcutaneous delivery of an experimental canarypox recombinant canine distemper vaccine in the Siberian polecat (Mustela eversmanni).

We assessed the safety and efficacy of an experimental canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distemper virus (CDV) subunit vaccine in the Siberian polecat (Mustela eversmanni), a close relative of the black-footed ferret, (M. nigripes), an endangered species that is highly susceptible to the virus. Siberian polecats were randomized into six treatment groups. Recombinant canine distemper vaccine was administered s.c. at three dose levels (10(4.5), 10(5.0), and 10(5.5) plaque-forming units [PFU] per dose) and was administered orally by spraying the vaccine into the oropharnyx at two dose levels (10(5.5), 10(8.0) PFU per dose). The sixth group of control animals was not vaccinated. For both routes of administration, two 1-ml doses of reconstituted vaccine were delivered 4 wk apart, followed by live virus challenge 3 wk after the second vaccination. During the challenge, Synder Hill test strain CDV obtained from the National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, was administered i.p. Serial blood samples for CDV serology were collected immediately before vaccination and challenge, and 10, 15, and 20 days after challenge. Clinical signs and body weights were recorded up to 32 days after challenge. The survival rate in animals receiving vaccine at the highest oral dose (10(8.0) PFU per dose) was 83.3%. Survival rate was 50.0% in the high s.c. and 60.0% in the medium s.c. groups. All animals in the low-s.c. dose, low-oral dose, and control groups died after exposure. Vaccine dose overall (oral and s.c.) and dose in response to s.c. administration when considered alone were significant predictors of survival (P = 0.006 and P = 0.04, respectively). Among the polecats challenged with virulent virus, those that died became sick sooner than those that survived. Animals that died lost significantly more weight during the 10 days after challenge than did animals that survived (P = 0.02). Survival rates did not differ by sex, founder female status, or breeding pedigree in any of the treatment groups. Survival rates were higher in animals with increasing serum neutralization titers (P = 0.027). This study demonstrates the efficacy of oral delivery of a recombinant CDV vaccine in the Siberian polecat. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vectored recombinant vaccines in highly susceptible species and especially in those species in which vaccination with modified live CDV has led to disease.     

我国原麝一个新的分布省、区——陕西省黄龙山区

在陕西省北部宜川县黄龙山区捕获的10只（4♂,6♀均成体）麝类标本,经鉴定为原麝（Moschus moschiferusLinnaeus,1758）。它与分布于陕西南部的秦岭、大巴山一带的林麝（Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929）有明显区别,二者不同处为：1）原麝背毛终身具淡黄褐色斑点,而林麝成体无斑点;2）原麝体型稍大,体长一般800.00～900.00 mm,林麝体型稍小,体长一般700.00～800.00 mm;3）原麝头骨之泪骨宽度大于长度,林麝头骨之泪骨一般长宽相等。标本现保存在陕西省宜川县林业局。原麝发现于陕西省北部的黄龙山区,是继分布在我国黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、新疆、内蒙古、山西6省（自治区）之后的第7个新的分布省。原麝资源的不断扩大,对于保护及利用这一珍贵物种有重要意义。     

吉林莫莫格春季白鹤觅食地生境初步研究

白鹤为大型涉禽,由于栖息地丧失,数量减少,已被CITES列为附录I,IUCN红皮书列为全球濒危物种,并被列为国家I级重点保护鸟类。2010年5月,笔者在吉林莫莫格自然保护区对白鹤春季迁徙停栖地生境进行了调查:采用GPS定位技术和直接观察法对白鹤栖息生境进行测定,共获取70个1 m×1 m的样方,测定其春季觅食地植物的类型、盖度、高度、植被密度等;结果显示:春季白鹤觅食地主要植被有扁杆蔗草、野稗、虎尾草、芦苇、荆三棱、水葱、酸模叶蓼、东方蓼等;植被平均高度52 cm,植被密度≥100棵/m~2,盖度≤75%。根据实地调查,春季迂徙季节,白鹤在莫莫格自然保护区的主要食物是扁杆蔗草,并且喜爱在植被密度低的地区觅食。     

鄱阳湖野生白鹤的救护及异地放归监测初步研究

2018年4月24日,江西省野生动植物救护繁育中心接收救护1只亚成体野生白鹤,体检发现白鹤疑似肠道感染,经过药物治疗、康复护理和野化训练,结果在吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区内放飞。通过鸟类环志进行放归后监测,发现白鹤在黄河三角洲保护区越冬,证实白鹤救护放归成功。本文通过接收1只野生白鹤,总结了白鹤临床救治和护理经验,为日后国内开展白鹤保护和野生动物异地放归工作提供理论和实践基础。     

农牧交错带退耕还草对土壤淀粉酶和脲酶活性的影响

在农牧交错带以小麦为对照,研究退耕还草对0～20cm土壤淀粉酶和脲酶活性的影响.结果表明:退耕还草后,草地土壤淀粉酶和脲酶活性都显著高于小麦地;冰草和无芒雀麦草地土壤淀粉酶活性和脲酶活性最高;老芒麦+冰草(1∶3)对改善土壤淀粉酶的效果较好;老芒麦+冰草(1∶1)提高土壤脲酶活性的作用较大;随着利用年限的增加,老芒麦草地土壤淀粉酶活性和脲酶活性均呈先增加,后降低的趋势.     

东北虎γ-干扰素基因的克隆、生物信息学分析及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

本试验旨在通过克隆东北虎γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)基因,研究其分子特征并预测蛋白生物学功能,为后续研究干扰素抗病毒活性做前期准备。通过RT-PCR从ConA诱导过的东北虎血淋巴细胞中扩增东北虎IFN-γ基因并测序,应用生物信息学方法进行序列分析。结果表明:东北虎IFN-γ编码区由504个核苷酸组成,共编码167个氨基酸,蛋白相对分子质量为19.59 ku,等电点为9.03,所编码的蛋白为碱性亲水性蛋白,其中前23个氨基酸可能为信号肽,IFN-γ编码蛋白保守结构域为IFN-γ超家族,且存在跨膜结构,其中1-6位氨基酸为胞内区域,7-28位氨基酸为跨膜区域,29-167位氨基酸为胞外区域;IFN-γ编码蛋白二级结构主要以α-螺旋(58.08%)和无规则卷曲(33.53%)为主,存在5个潜在的B细胞抗原表位,3个潜在的N-糖基化位点;分子进化分析显示,东北虎IFN-γ与GenBank上发表的东北虎、非洲狮、金钱豹、美洲狮、猎豹、家猫、加拿大猞猁、野猪等的核苷酸相似性为80.4%~99.8%,氨基酸相似性为70.5%~100%,东北虎IFN-γ与非洲狮、金钱豹亲缘关系最近,美洲狮、猎豹、家猫、猞猁次之,野猪最远。通过合成改造后的东北虎IFN-γ基因,构建能表达IFN-γ蛋白的重组质粒pPIC9K-IFN-γ,将其导入高效表达系统-毕赤酵母中进行诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE分析,表达蛋白的分子量约17.8 ku,与预期大小相符,表明东北虎IFN-γ成功表达。     

吉林莫莫格白鹤春季行为研究

白鹤属大型涉禽,仅分布于亚洲地区,其东亚种群数量为3 750只左右;由于环境变迁,种群数量越来越少,已被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物。为阐明在沼泽湿地生态系统环境中白鹤春季的活动规律以及各种行为的时间分配,于2010年4月15日～5月13日,在吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区对白鹤春季迁徙期行为进行了初步研究。白鹤的各种行为的时间分配依次为:觅食占64.34%、静栖占4.42%、警戒占13.92%、游走占4.57%、理羽占11.51%、其他(包括打斗、飞行、呜叫等情况)占2.56%。成体与亚成体白鹤、雄鹤与雌鹤在行为和时间分配上有明显差异,在觅食时间上雌鹤高出雄鹤10%左右,雄鹤的警戒时间高于雌鹤。     

东北虎γ-干扰素基因的克隆、生物信息学分析及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

本试验旨在通过克隆东北虎γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）基因,研究其分子特征并预测蛋白生物学功能,为后续研究干扰素抗病毒活性做前期准备。通过RT-PCR从ConA诱导过的东北虎血淋巴细胞中扩增东北虎IFN-γ基因并测序,应用生物信息学方法进行序列分析。结果表明：东北虎IFN-γ编码区由504个核苷酸组成,共编码167个氨基酸,蛋白相对分子质量为19.59 ku,等电点为9.03,所编码的蛋白为碱性亲水性蛋白,其中前23个氨基酸可能为信号肽,IFN-γ编码蛋白保守结构域为IFN-γ超家族,且存在跨膜结构,其中1－6位氨基酸为胞内区域,7－28位氨基酸为跨膜区域,29－167位氨基酸为胞外区域;IFN-γ编码蛋白二级结构主要以α-螺旋（58.08%）和无规则卷曲（33.53%）为主,存在5个潜在的B细胞抗原表位,3个潜在的N-糖基化位点;分子进化分析显示,东北虎IFN-γ与GenBank上发表的东北虎、非洲狮、金钱豹、美洲狮、猎豹、家猫、加拿大猞猁、野猪等的核苷酸相似性为80.4%~99.8%,氨基酸相似性为70.5%~100%,东北虎IFN-γ与非洲狮、金钱豹亲缘关系最近,美洲狮、猎豹、家猫、猞猁次之,野猪最远。通过合成改造后的东北虎IFN-γ基因,构建能表达IFN-γ蛋白的重组质粒pPIC9K-IFN-γ,将其导入高效表达系统-毕赤酵母中进行诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE分析,表达蛋白的分子量约17.8 ku,与预期大小相符,表明东北虎IFN-γ成功表达。     

Erythrocyte cation content and sodium transport in Siberian huskies

Adult mixed-breed dogs and Siberian Huskies were used to study erythrocyte cation and water contents, as well as sodium transport kinetics. Erythrocyte sodium, potassium, and water contents, as well as sodium efflux and influx kinetics, were measured. Lithium efflux studies were also performed, because previous studies reported involvement of this ion in sodium transport kinetics. Sodium, potassium, and water contents in erythrocytes from mixed-breed dogs were significantly (P less than 0.05) different from those of Siberian Huskies when cells were washed in an isotonic sodium-free medium. Lithium efflux in hypertonic choline chloride was found to be significantly (P less than 0.048) different in erythrocytes obtained from Siberian Huskies, compared with those from mixed-breed dogs. Additionally, sodium efflux in isotonic choline chloride was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in erythrocytes isolated from Siberian Huskies. Under these experimental conditions, sodium efflux was inhibited by 10 mM LiCl in erythrocytes of both groups. Amiloride (0.2 mM) was found to be a potent inhibitor of Na+ and Li+ efflux. These data indicate that Na+ metabolism may be altered in erythrocytes of Siberian Huskies, and may provide important insight into some of the erythrocyte transport abnormalities associated with specific human diseases in which erythrocyte cation content and sodium transport kinetics are altered.     

不同功能叶对老芒麦种子产量构成因子及种子质量的影响

为探讨不同功能叶对老芒麦（Elymus sibiricus L.）种子产量和质量的影响，以老芒麦DJ-01新品系为试验材料，在孕穗期设置5个剪叶处理，分别为剪去1/3旗叶、2/3旗叶、全部旗叶、倒2叶、倒3叶，以不剪叶为对照，测定种子产量构成因子和种子活力等指标。试验结果表明，老芒麦功能叶对其种子宽、单株穗重和百粒重具有显著影响，对单穗小花数、单株种子数和种子长没有显著影响；功能叶对老芒麦种子活力具有显著影响，剪叶处理种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力指数均低于对照处理。运用隶属函数法对老芒麦种子产量构成因子指标进行综合评价，其影响由大到小排序为：剪去全部旗叶 > 剪去2/3旗叶 > 剪去1/3旗叶 > 剪去倒3叶 > 剪去倒2叶 > 不剪叶（CK）。老芒麦功能叶主要影响其种子宽、穗重和百粒重，进而影响其种子活力和种子产量，以旗叶对老芒麦种子产量和质量影响最大。