植物源昆虫调控剂研究──Ⅱ芫花活性组份的分离与生物测定

将芫花根皮乙醇提取液，用快速离心薄层分离，以正已烷等配成不同极性的溶济洗脱，获得１０个组份，再用卫茅尺蠖幼虫进行生物测定．发现２～４个极性较低、流份活性较高．其幼虫食叶量对照（茶枯水处理）减少７２％．死亡率达４１．６７％～６６．６％，根、茎、叶３部分乙醇抽取物，以根部活性最强．拒食－胃毒是其主要作用途径．     

芫花粗提物抑制昆虫取食行为的研究

在择食条件下,菜青虫及卫茅尺蠖对芫花Daphnegenkwa粗提物处理叶的食量依次比对照减少90.22%和98.02%。抑制取食的感受器官主要在下颚。药剂点滴体壁无触杀和抑食作用。     

芫花杀虫活性组份的浸提、分离与生物测定

以卫矛尺蠖和斜纹夜蛾为试虫,以取食量及虫体增重为指标,用选择性和非选择性取食法测定乙醚等7种溶剂浸提芫花茎皮粉5 d后的浸提液.结果表明:乙醚、甲醇、氯仿及乙酸乙酯是最好的几种溶剂,乙醇次之,石油醚最差;芫花乙醇粗提液减压浓缩--石油醚多次萃取,是获得柱层析物质的必要步骤.柱层析各组份生测一致显示,活性组份存在于极性小的第4,5组份及极性大的第13组份,通过小柱纯化及薄层层析检测与标准化合物对照,认为β-谷甾醇是第4,5组份中主要的物质,生测表明,它能显著减少试虫取食量及体重增长,乙醇浸泡1,3,5 d与活性强弱关系不大.20%芫花乙醇粗提物在室内贮藏一年,不会使活性下降.     

植物源昆虫调控剂研究Ⅰ．茶枯等植物源调控剂的药效测定

测定茶枯水及芫花、苦楝、长叶冻绿、苍耳的乙醇抽提物对卫茅尺蠖和菜青虫药效，结果表明，芫花的效果最好，可使取食量下降７５％，并又进一步降低羽化率，抽提物１０ｇ／Ｌ浓度野外有效期在５天以上；次之为苦楝叶。作用途径主要是拒食和胃毒。茶枯水亦有一定作用，它还是植物抽提物的极好湿润剂，对提高药效起重要作用。     

黑荆树树皮单宁组分研究——Ⅲ.原花色素的分离鉴定及其~(13)C NMR特征(英文)

从我国江西四年生黑荆树(Acacia mearnsii)树皮单宁中分离鉴定了三个二聚原花色素:刺槐亭醇-(4α→8)-儿茶素、菲瑟亭醇-(4β→8)-儿茶素和刺槐亭醇-(4β→8)-儿茶素。其中刺槐亭醇-(4β→8)-儿茶素为首次从黑荆树树皮中以天然形式分离得到,为一新天然化合物。文中首次对黑剂树树皮二聚原花色素的~(13)CNMR进行了报道,并就其特征和确定二聚原花色素的相对和绝对构型进行了讨论。     

芫花粗提物对鳞翅目幼虫消化酶和解毒酶的影响

卫矛尺蠖和菜粉蝶幼虫取食涂有芫花乙醇粗提物的叶子后，1～2d内即可使消化酶及谷胱甘肽酶活力指数显著上升，此后回落到对照或显著低于对照水平.电镜观察表明，24h后，中肠细胞粗糙内质网上的蛋白体数量增加，着色加深，显示这些部位的功能更趋活跃；48h后，细胞内线粒体内嵴开始模糊，体积肿大；72h后，部分线粒体成为空壳.以上事实为中毒昆虫的生理变化提供了亚细胞水平的依据.     

Susceptibility of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus to sawfly (Perga affinis ssp. insularis) attack and its potential impact on plantation productivity

Sawflies (Perga species) are leaf-damaging pests of the major plantation tree species Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus. This work describes the patterns of quantitative genetic variation in susceptibility to attack by Perga affinis ssp. insularis, based on data from a large open-pollinated trial containing genetic material from throughout the geographic range of E. globulus ssp. globulus. Forty three per cent of the trees in the trial exhibited damage from sawflies in either their sixth or seventh growth seasons. The incidence of damage was genetically based, with significant variation between geographic races of E. globulus ssp. globulus and highly heritable (h²=0.43±0.05) variation in damage incidence within races. Susceptibility to sawfly damage significantly affects plant fitness with both genetic and environmental correlations demonstrating that sawfly damage causes slow growth and increased mortality of trees. Mild and severe sawfly damage resulted in 16 and 31% reduction in the basal area of surviving trees, and the effect was consistent across races and families. Based on this data, we propose a model predicting relative plantation productivity of races of different susceptibility under different infestation regimes.     

南方集体林区林业经济增长的产业结构演变及其差异分析*--基于13个省（区）1995-2011年的统计数据

以13个省(区)1995-2011年林业产值数据为基础,利用动态偏离-份额分析法,分析我国南方集体林区林业经济增长、产业结构演变及其差异。结果表明：与全国整体水平相比,南方集体林区林业经济有着较快的增长速度和较好的林业产业结构素质,具有一定的区域竞争力优势,但林业第一产业增长速度和产业结构素质均低于全国平均水平,不具有区域竞争力优势,林业第二和第三产业增长速度和产业结构素质高于全国平均水平,具有区域竞争力优势;与南方集体林区整体水平相比,江苏、广东、安徽和广西4个省(区)的林业经济增长速度较高,江苏、浙江、福建、湖南和广东5省的林业产业结构素质较高,其中,又以前3个省(区)的林业产业结构素质优势最为明显,江苏、安徽、广东和广西4个省(区)的林业产业具有一定的区域整体竞争优势;进一步采用聚类分析方法,将南方集体林区13个省(区)林业产业发展类型区分为4类,即优势类型区、后发优势类型区、优势待提升类型区和优势滞后类型区,针对不同类型区的特点,提出相应对策建议。     

Extraction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonella foenum-graecum</Emphasis> L. by supercritical fluid CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and its contact toxicity to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhyzopertha dominica</Emphasis> (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) has developed extensive pesticide resistance in the last several decades. We have developed a supercritical fluid extraction method for Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (TFG) and studied the contact toxicities of the extracts to R. dominica. The extraction method was designed with orthogonal experiments to preserve and collect all the possible active components. Contact toxicity and efficiency of extraction were used as standard values to optimize extraction conditions, which were achieved at 55°C under 25 Mpa of pressure. The extraction efficiency for 200 g of dry sample reached 6.21% with 30 ml of 95% alcohol. Extracts loaded on filter paper showed dose and time dependent toxicities to adult R. dominica with a LC₅₀ value of 65.02 μg/cm² after 3 days post treatment. Our extensive in vivo studies indicated the extracts from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds have high efficacy against pesticide resistant R. dominica. The active ingredient(s) from the extract shows promise as a novel pesticide candidate.