小果型无籽西瓜新品种满春红的选育

满春红是开封市蔬菜科学研究所以诱变稳定的小果型四倍体4X-62作母本,以小果型二倍体自交系X-21为父本配制而成的小果型无籽西瓜新品种,2007-2009年早春大棚种植对比筛选试验与示范表现良好。果实发育期30d左右,植株长势强,果实高圆形,皮色淡绿底覆墨绿条带,瓤色鲜红,中心糖12.5%~13.5%,品质特佳,汁多味甜,肉质脆爽,白色秕籽少,皮厚0.6cm,皮韧耐运,单瓜质量2.5~3kg,连续坐果能力强。其突出特点是：植株长势稳健,抗病性强,早熟性、丰产性和品质均优于江、浙大面积推广的小玉红无籽,较耐低温、弱光,适宜日光温室及大棚早春设施栽培。     

西瓜新品种‘黛美人’

 ‘黛美人’为早熟小果型西瓜, 全生育期80 d左右。果实椭圆形, 果皮墨绿色, 覆隐约带,果肉深红色, 含可溶性固形物11.0%左右, 平均单瓜质量2.1 kg, 一般产量37～42 t/hm²。商品性好, 耐贮运, 抗逆性强。     

西瓜新品种黑金无籽的选育

黑金无籽是以自交系T21为母本、2X-313为父本杂交育成的早熟小果型黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。该品种早春大棚设施栽培全生育期90 d,果实发育期29 d,易坐果。植株长势强,果实近圆形,果皮墨绿色覆盖隐花条条纹,有少量蜡粉。果皮厚度约0.7 cm,皮韧耐贮运。瓜瓤黄色,果实中心和边部可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)分别为12.1%和10.2%左右,白色秕籽少,无籽性好。平均单瓜质量2 kg,早春大棚吊蔓栽培667 m²产量3000 kg左右。植株抗病性强,抗枯萎病,较耐低温弱光。适宜在山西省各地区春季提早保护地及露地种植。2018年1月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。     

优质橙黄瓤小果型西瓜品种金玉玲珑的选育

金玉玲珑是中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所育成的早熟、优质小果型西瓜品种。全生育期85d左右,果实发育期约28d。果实高圆形,浅绿果皮上覆深绿色齿状条带;中心可溶性固形物含量11.0%￣12.0%,瓜瓤橙黄色,瓤质细,口感好;单果重1.5￣2.5kg;皮薄,皮厚0.3cm左右。抗逆性好,易坐果,保护地、露地均可栽培。在小区比较试验、全国及北京市小果型西瓜品种区试中表现良好,综合性状赶上或超过对照;在2005年全国农业技术服务中心组织的保护地西瓜甜瓜展评中名列小果型西瓜第1名。     

黑皮黄瓤小西瓜新品种雪峰小玉8号的选育

雪峰小玉8号是湖南省瓜类研究所最新育成的长椭圆形、黑皮、黄瓤、耐贮运二倍体小果型西瓜新品种。植株生长势强,抗病抗逆性强,坐果性好。全生育期85d左右,果实发育期25d左右。皮厚约0.7cm,果皮硬度26kg/cm2,不裂果;中心可溶性固形物含量12%～13%;单果重2～3kg,667m2产量2000～3500kg。2007年2月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

小果型西瓜新品种满春的选育

满春是以自交系S14为母本,以自交系S15为父本配制而成的早熟优质小果型西瓜一代杂种。植株生长势强,全生育期90 d(天)左右,果实发育期28 d(天)左右;果实圆形,果皮绿色覆深绿色窄条带,果肉红色,瓤质酥脆,中心可溶性固形物含量11.7%左右,品质优;果皮厚度0.4 cm左右,单瓜质量2.0 kg左右,每667 m~2产量2500 kg左右,适宜河南地区早春保护地栽培。     

小果型无籽西瓜新品种小王子的选育

小王子是湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所、湖北鄂蔬农业科技有限公司以小果型四倍体自交系WP311作母本,二倍体自交系WT-201作父本配制而成的小果型无籽西瓜品种。早熟,果实发育期30d左右。果实近圆形,果皮绿色覆深绿细条纹,皮厚0.7cm左右;瓜瓤红色,中心可溶性固形物12%左右,边部9%左右。单果质量约2.0kg,667m2产量约2000kg。2007-2008年参加了湖北省西瓜区域试验。适宜长江中下游地区种植。     

中小果型黄皮黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种洞庭7号和洞庭8号的选育

洞庭7号和洞庭8号系湖南省岳阳市西甜瓜研究所最新推出的黄皮黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。洞庭7号为小果型,熟性早,品质优,适于大棚栽培;雌花开放至果实成熟28～30天;单瓜重2～3kg,大棚立架栽培产量2600kg/667m2以上;果实圆球形,外观漂亮,瓜瓤黄且鲜艳,质地沙脆,口感好,中心可溶性固形物含量12%左右;抗逆性强,易坐果。洞庭8号为中果型,中熟;雌花开放至果实成熟30天;单瓜重4kg左右,每667m2露地栽培产量2800kg以上,立架栽培3500～4500kg;果实圆球形,外表美观,瓜瓤鲜黄,质地沙脆爽口,中心可溶性固形物含量12%左右,无籽性好;抗性较强,弱光条件下坐果性好。     

黄瓤西瓜新品种‘怡兰’

‘怡兰’是杂交育成的黄瓤小果型西瓜新品种。植株生长势健壮,单瓜质量2.5 kg左右,果实椭圆形,果形指数1.35。果皮鲜绿色,覆细核桃纹;皮厚0.5cm,韧性强,不裂果。果肉黄色,瓤质酥脆爽口,中心折光糖含量12.5%,边糖10%左右。春季栽培全生育期80 d,秋季栽培全生育期75 d,果实发育期30 d左右。耐低温弱光性强。平均产量50.0 t·hm-2。适合江淮流域及相同生态区保护地栽培。     

南瓜新品种贝栗的选育

为选育优质小果型青皮西洋南瓜良种,以引进西洋南瓜品种的分离后代中选育的自交系A156为母本、A257为父本进行杂交,于2008年育成早熟、优质、丰产的小果型西洋南瓜新品种贝栗。经品种比较试验、多点中间试验和生产示范试验,结果表明,该品种全生育期89d,春季栽培果实发育期约35d,平均单果质量0.7kg,667m2产量2100kg左右;果实扁圆形,青皮,果肉黄色,平均肉厚2.0cm,质粉味甜,种子粒小、白色;每株坐果5～7个,生长势较强;耐低温、高温,抗逆性强,适应性广。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.