微生态制剂在养猪业中的应用

微生态制剂作为新型绿色饲料添加剂,具有无毒副作用、无残留污染、不产生抗药性和成本较低等特点,可作为抗生素的替代品,在现代养殖业中发挥了重要作用.本文简单的介绍了微生态制剂的基本概念、分类情况及作用机制,重点阐述微生态制剂在养猪业中的应用情况,列举目前微生态制剂应用时需注意的问题,对微生态制剂的前景进行了分析和展望.     

动物微生态制剂在畜牧生产中的应用

简单的介绍了动物微生态制剂的基本概念及分类情况，重点阐述了动物微生态制剂在畜牧生产中的应用情况，分析了目前动物微生态制剂存在的问题，对动物微生态制剂的前景进行了分析和展望。     

微生态制剂在反刍动物生产中的研究与应用

寻求具有毒副作用小、不易产生抗药性、安全环保等优点替抗减抗的添加剂产品仍是当今重要的研发方向。饲料中微生态制剂是一类绿色、安全、无危害的替抗产品。应用于反刍动物生产中的单一或复合微生态制剂,能够调节动物机体肠道菌群健康、提高饲料利用率,具有增强免疫力,提高生长性能及保护生态环境等多方面作用,是禁抗时代发展迅速的一种新型的绿色饲料添加剂,在生产中,作为替抗产品且有利于动物生产而直接应用于各类动物生产养殖饲料当中。本综述主要叙述微生态制剂的分类、生理功能及其在反刍动物生产中研究应用进展。     

微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用

人和动物的肠道、体表、呼吸道、生殖道 ,存在大量的正常微生物群 ,它们与机体的生物拮抗、营养、免疫、肿瘤、急性及慢性感染均有着十分密切的联系 ,由此产生了微生态学。随着微生态学的建立和发展 ,微生态制剂也随之发展起来。微生态制剂以其天然、无毒、无副作用、无污染、无残留安全可靠的优越性而倍受世人的关注。随着水产养殖业的迅猛发展 ,微生态制剂在水产养殖上的应用也越来越广泛 ,并取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。１微生态制剂的概念微生态制剂是一种新型活菌制剂 ,是根据微生态学原理 ,运用优势菌群 ,经过鉴定、培养、干燥等…     

微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用

微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用越来越多,作用也越来越大,本文在阐明微生态制剂定义和作用机理的基础上,对目前微生态制剂的种类及其在水产养殖中的应用进行了叙述,并就当前微生态制剂存在的问题和未来发展趋势提出看法。     

微生态制剂在母猪养殖中的应用

随着社会的不断发展,人们的生活水平有了很大程度的提高。然而,随之而来的食品安全问题日益增多,绿色环保这个主题受到了高度重视。微生态制剂作为畜牧业生产中新兴的饲料添加剂,具有高效环保的特点,是抗生素的最佳替代品。     

微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用

综述了微生态制剂的概念、种类及其在水产养殖领域的应用。并对微生态制剂在使用中存在的问题、发展趋势以及应用前景作了初步分析。     

微生态制剂在养禽中的应用及注意事项

<正>微生态制剂又称微生态调节剂,是根据微生态原理制备的制剂。其目的是调整微生态失调,保持生态平衡,提高动物体的健康水平,以达到防病、治病的效果。1微生态的分类微生态制剂不是单纯意义上的活菌制剂,随着科学研究的深入,微生态制剂的不断发展,大量资料证明,死菌体、菌体成分、代谢产物也具有调整微生态失调的功效,     

微生态制剂在养猪业中的应用

微生态制剂又称为微生物饲料添加剂，主要包括益生菌、益生元及合生元三类制剂。益生菌是活菌：益生元是一类化学物质，不能被宿主消化吸收，也不能被肠道有害菌利用，只能被有益微生物选择性地吸收利用或能增进有益菌的活性或促进其繁殖：合生元为益生菌和益生元按一定比例结合的生物制剂，能同时发挥二者的共同作用。     

微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用

本文综述微生态制剂的概念、作用机理、在水产养殖中的应用及微生态制剂的合理使用与注意事项．概括了水产微生态制剂具有抑制病原菌、刺激免疫系统、提高免疫力、提供营养、改善机体代谢、促进动物生长、改善水质的作用和功效．为水产微生态制剂的进一步研究提供了理论依据。     

乳酸菌在水产养殖中的应用及其应用于海参养殖的可行性

本文综述了近年来乳酸菌对不同水产动物生长促进和免疫力诱导的作用机制的研究,并探讨了乳酸菌应用于海参养殖的可行性。     

黄芪多糖对刺参肠道褐藻酸降解菌生物量及产酶活性的影响

本研究以体重为(49.3±5.65)g的刺参为试验对象,经过60d的养殖试验后采用平板计数法考察黄芪多糖(APS)和不同粉碎粒径的黄芪(粗粉、超微粉和化微粉)对刺参肠道褐藻酸降解菌生物量的影响。另外,采用体外发酵试验的方法,探讨了黄芪多糖(APS)对刺参肠道褐藻酸降解菌生长及产酶活性的影响。结果表明,刺参摄食含APS饲料后,肠道中褐藻酸降解菌在总异养菌中的比例最高。体外试验表明,APS对褐藻酸降解菌有增殖作用,其变化趋势是先上升后下降,同时褐藻酸酶活性变化与其相似,其中以0.1%的添加量效果最好。因此,APS可以通过促进刺参肠道褐藻酸降解菌生长,提高褐藻酸酶活力。     

微生态制剂在反刍动物生产上的应用

微生态制剂又称益生素、活菌制剂等,它是在微生态理论指导下,通过特殊工艺应用已知有益微生物制成的一种活菌制剂,在养殖业已经得到应用。文章综述了微生态制剂的概念、分类、在反刍动物中的应用;剖析了不同实验结果出现差异的可能原因,总结了微生态制剂应用中存在的问题及应用前景展望。     

一种水产养殖用微生物制剂的研究

利用枯草芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、沼泽红假单胞菌和啤酒酵母4种菌株配制了一种复合微生物制剂,试验结果表明,该制剂除含有丰富的营养成分外,在水产养殖中还能起到净水剂的作用,它能增加水中的溶解氧,显著降低氨氮、亚硝态氮、硫化物等不利于水产养殖的污染成分。此微生物制剂在水产养殖中将能发挥营养、保健及净化水质的功效。     

微生态制剂的作用机制及其对鸡生产的影响

本文综述了微生态制剂的分类、功能、作用机制及其对鸡生长性能、免疫机能、生产性能等的影响。     

Effect of pre-milking teat preparation procedures on the microbial count on teats prior to cluster application

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of six pre-milking teat preparation procedures on lowering the staphylococal, streptococcal and coliform microbial count on teat skin prior to cluster application. The teat preparations included 'Iodine', 'Chlorhexidine' teat foam, 'Washing and drying' with paper, 'No preparation', 'Chlorine' teat foam, and disinfectant 'Wipes'. Teat preparations were applied for five days to 10 cows for each treatment during two herd management periods (indoors and outdoors). Teats were swabbed on day four and five before teat preparation and repeated after teat preparation. The swabs were plated on three selective agars: Baird Parker (Staphylococcus spp.), Edwards (Streptococcus spp.), and MacConkey (coliform). Following incubation, microbial counts for each pathogen type were manually counted and assigned to one of six categories depending on the microbial counts measured. The results were analysed by logistic regression using SAS 28. The main analysis was conducted on binary improvement scores for the swabbing outcomes. There were no differences for staphylococcal, streptococcal and coliform bacterial counts between treatments, measured 'before' teat preparation. Treatments containing 'Chlorhexidine' teat foam (OR = 4.46) and 'Wipes' (OR = 4.46) resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the staphylococcal count on teats compared to 'Washing and drying' or 'No preparation'. 'Chlorine' teat foam (OR = 3.45) and 'Wipes' (3.45) had the highest probability (P < 0.01) of reducing streptococcal counts compared to 'Washing and drying' or 'No preparation'. There was no statistical difference between any of the disinfectant treatments applied in reducing coliforms. Thus, the use of some disinfectant products for pre-milking teat preparation can have beneficial effects on reducing the levels of staphylococcal and streptococcal pathogens on teat skin.     

The effect of a direct-fed microbial (Primalac) on turkey live performance

Two pen trials and 2 field trials were conducted to determine whether a direct-fed microbial (DFM; Primalac) was effective in improving turkey productive performance. In the pen trials, typical turkey diets were formulated with and without Primalac. All feed was provided by a commercial feed mill. In trial 1, Large White male turkey poults were placed in 48 pens (18 birds/pen, 24 pens/treatment) on the day of hatch and were reared to 20 wk. In trial 2, Large White female turkey poults were placed in 48 pens (30 birds/pen, 24 pens/treatment) on the day of hatch and were reared to 18 wk. Cumulative FCR was significantly improved for birds fed DFM feed compared with birds fed control feed at 20 wk in trial 1 and at 8 wk in trial 2. Body weight was significantly greater for birds fed DFM feed compared with birds fed the control feed through 12 wk in both trials. In 2 field trials, 2 brooder houses and 4 grow-out houses were paired on each farm (4 brooder houses and 8 grow-out houses total). All birds received the same feed provided by the integrator. The DFM was provided in the water from placement to market in 1 brooder house and in the 2 matching grow-out houses. Breeder flocks were equally represented in both brooder houses within each trial. Approximately 12,000 male poults were placed in each brooder house and were transferred to 2 grow-out houses at 5 wk. Although no statistical analyses were computed for the field trials, there was a nominal improvement in performance associated with the DFM: mean livability was increased by 3.5%, mean BW was increased by 0.9 kg (2 lb), mean total weight removed from the farms was increased by 13,706 kg (30,153 lb), mean FCR was improved by 0.165, and cost of production was reduced by $0.0195/kg ($0.043/lb) of BW by the DFM. In conclusion, the DFM product (Primalac) used in these studies was effective in improving turkey live performance.     

仿刺参饲用海泥资源质量评价的初步研究

试验测定了盐场沉积海泥的有机质含量与主要细菌类群变化等,并与几种已应用于仿刺参育保苗的商品化海泥产品比较,旨在寻找能够客观反映海泥质量的评价指标,为仿刺参饲用海泥资源的开发利用提供理论依据。采用元素分析仪测定海泥总碳、总氮,灼烧法检测有机质,平板计数法计数6类主要细菌类群(异养菌、弧菌、大肠杆菌、乳酸菌、芽孢菌及酵母)的菌落数量。结果表明,目标区域海泥的总碳、总氮与有机质含量与商品化海泥产品相近;经干燥处理后的海泥,其异养菌总量比商品化海泥显著提高,但大肠杆菌菌落无显著差异,弧菌菌落显著降低,乳酸菌、芽孢菌与酵母等有益菌菌落均显著提高。研究表明,盐场沉积物作为仿刺参饲用海泥具有一定的开发价值,但养殖效果有待验证。     

益生肠球菌应用于断奶仔猪的研究进展

仔猪早期断奶腹泻是困扰养猪业的严重问题,随着饲用抗生素作为饲料添加剂的禁止使用,寻求能够替代抗生素的新的生长促进剂成为研究的热点。益生肠球菌主要应用于医疗保健行业,研究主要集中在粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)和屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium),有关益生肠球菌作为饲料添加剂在动物饲料中的应用也逐渐引起了人们的关注,对其作用机制及有效包被技术的研究已取得了一些进展。通过介绍益生肠球菌在动物饲养,尤其是断奶仔猪中的应用现状和存在问题,以亟为该领域的研究提供参考。     

益生菌补充剂对断奶仔兔饲料效率、生长性能和微生物种群的影响

本研究旨在探讨单株或双株益生菌补充剂对断奶仔兔饲料效率、生长性能和微生物数量的影响。试验选择64只28 d断奶(公母各半)新西兰白兔,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加1×10^6 cfu/g枯草芽孢杆菌(BS组)、1×10^7 cfu/g乳酸菌(LA组)及0.5×106枯草芽孢杆菌+0.5×10^7 cfu/g乳酸菌(BL组)。结果显示:LA组在42 d时体重显著增加(P<0.05),BL组较对照组显著提高日增重和饲料转化率(P<0.05)。LA组和BL组的干物质、有机质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、总能量消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。公兔回肠内芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌数量均显著高于雌兔(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,BS组家兔肠道各节段的芽孢杆菌数量均高于对照组(P<0.05),而LA和BL组仔兔肠道乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:日粮单独添加1×107 cfu/g乳杆菌或0.5×10^6 cfu/g枯草杆菌+0.5×10^7 cfu/g乳杆菌可以提高肠道有益菌群数量、营养物质消化率、盲肠发酵、饲料效率和生长性能。此外,仅添加乳杆菌的家兔肠道大肠菌群和粪便评分均有所下降。