2002年玉米市场展望

2001年玉米市场回顾 2001年上半年呈升势:年初,玉米价格逐级上扬,虽然期间也有回调,但每次回调时间较短,回落幅度有限,整体趋势向上。产区玉米价格上半年最高时接近1150元/t,销区价格也从1200元/t涨至1350元/t。上半年价格涨升的原因:一是国家宏观经济形势好转,玉米消费转旺;二是宏观调控效应显现,拉动粮价整体回升;三是玉     

2004-2005年度全球谷物库存变化情况及2005-2006年度展望

据联合国粮农组织2005年12月预计，2004-2005年度（2004年7月-2005年6月）全球的谷物产量为20．55亿t，同比上升8．68％，全球谷物消费继续增长2．28％，达到20．04亿t，多年来产需缺口的局面出现逆转。全球谷物期末库存将达到4．65亿t，同比上升11．75％，库存消费比为23．2％。这是近年来全球谷物库存消费比首次出现增长。     

中国动物蛋白市场将有助于扩大饲料玉米需求

据8月15日荷兰合作国际银行(中国)食品农业调查部的行业分析师CarolGong在近来的一份报告中称,中国对动物蛋白的需求日益增加,这将提高诸如大米和玉米等谷物在饲料中的用量。另一方面,随着收入增加,食用粮食的消费已经达到饱和,不可能进一步提高。每年中国的生猪和家禽数量分别     

近期猪肉价格上涨背景下农户家庭消费特征

<正>1猪肉在农村居民家庭动物性食品消费中占据重要地位当前,猪肉在我国农村居民家庭的食物消费中占据重要地位。根据统计数据分析,我国农村居民人均年动物性食品的消费量基本维持在34kg(见表1)。近年来,随着收入水平的提高,农村居民蛋品、奶类和水产品的消费呈现增长     

家畜饲料和生产系统与农业多市场模型的整合:IMPACT实例

<正>发展中国家的经济增长正在推动全球食品需求结构的根本变化,尤其是在亚洲,许多地区玉米和粗粮占人均直接食用消费的比例在下降,同时人均肉类和谷物消费增长在发达国家增速大幅放缓。食品消费增长(包括动物饲料相关需求的增长)在很大程度上决定供给的增长速度,即供给要满足农产品的本地供应和出口需求。目前,虽然关于改变消费模式对未来全球农业经济的影响已有一些研究,但是鲜有研究指出这些消费变化对营     

全国能繁母猪存栏量持续回升 基础产能恢复的效果开始显现

自去年10月份以来,全国能繁母猪存栏量持续回升。养殖场户前期补栏的后备母猪陆续产仔,新生仔猪数量增加,基础产能恢复的效果开始显现。长期看,鸡肉对猪肉的替代将会持续下去。过去30多年来,猪肉在肉类消费中的比重一直在下降,从高于90%下降到目前的62%。禽肉消费比重则从上世纪80年代初的不到10%,上升至22%。     

二十年后:肉类、谷物、消费知多少

国际食品政策研究所６日发表的最新预测报告说，到２０２０年，世界谷物产量必须比目前增加 ４０％，才能满足届时 ７５亿世界人口对食品的需求。 未来２０年里，预计世界人口每年将增加７３００万，增加的人口主要出生和生活在发展中国家。这将导致发展中国家的谷物消费量大幅度增加，一是因为发展中国家人们直接食用的谷物需求量将增加，二是因为他们消费的肉类产品将倍增，而肉类产品是由大量的谷物转化而来的。 报告指出，发展中国家的人们以往很少能吃到肉类食品，随着经济的发展和生活水平逐渐提高，发展中国家的人们对肉类食品的需求…     

市场商情

<正>市场扫描生猪价格季节性回升受元旦前节日消费需求增加、进入消费旺季等多方面因素影响,近期生猪价格继续呈季节性上涨态势。据国家发改委价格监测中心监测,2009年12月     

俄罗斯家庭食品消费奶制品和鸡蛋占第一

<正>俄罗斯联邦国家统计局的数据显示,2013年俄罗斯家庭成员平均每月支出14300卢布。在这一数额中,家庭食品支出为4 200卢布,所占比重为29%。与上年度相比,最终消费支出增长9.7%,与此同时,家庭食品支出增长幅度较小,为6.7%。在过去5年俄罗斯家庭食品支出结构相当稳定,     

农区生猪养殖面临的问题及生产方式的改革与创新

生猪产业是我国农村的一项传统产业,具有几千年的历史,拥有广泛的社会基础;猪肉是我国人民消费的主要肉类食品。据资料报道,2011年全球猪肉消费量为1.04亿吨,其中中国消费5000余万吨,占全球消费总量的50.37%,是欧盟27个国家消费总量的2.5倍。由此可见,在我国,生猪养殖是其他养殖难以代替的,生猪生产滑坡,不仅会带来全国畜牧业的滑坡,而且可能带来肉食品的供应紧张,进而可能酿成社会问题。传统的生猪养殖方式是农户分散养殖,户营为主,附属于农业,主要     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Mycobiota and aflatoxins in raw materials and pet food in Brazil

Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food.