不同饵料饲养的褐牙鲆肌肉营养成分的比较

比较分析了分别投喂小杂鱼和人工饲料的两组褐牙鲆肌肉营养成分,旨在为褐牙鲆的营养需求研究及其饲料研制提供参考。结果显示:摄食小杂鱼组的水分含量显著低于摄食人工饲料组(P<0.05),而粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于摄食人工饲料组(P<0.05),粗灰分含量在两组间差异不显著(P>0.05);两组褐牙鲆的氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为71.15和70.47,其构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准。摄食小杂鱼组褐牙鲆中检测到11种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、6种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和9种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);摄食人工饲料组中检测到11种SFA、7种MUFA和9种PUFA。摄食小杂鱼组的∑ω3PUFA[(30.39±2.29)%]显著低于摄食人工饲料组[(34.40±3.32)%](P<0.05),其中小杂鱼组的EPA+DHA的总量为(29.27±2.33)%,显著低于摄食人工饲料组的(33.47±3.36)%(P<0.05);摄食小杂鱼组的∑ω6PUFA为(6.01±0.31)%,显著高于摄食人工饲料组的(5.06±0.37)%(P<0.05)。综合来看,两组褐牙鲆均含有丰富的各种营养成分,摄食小杂鱼组的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸营养较好,而摄食人工饲料组的多不饱和脂肪酸营养较好,两者各有优势。     

Effect of dietary saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in juvenile barramundi Lates calcarifer

Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), a catadromous teleost of commercial interest, perform well when fed a wide range of dietary oils. However, the range of alternative oils now being explored is typically rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA and MUFA). In this study, the response of juvenile barramundi (47.0 g per fish initial weight) fed isolipidic and isoenergetic diets with 82 g kg^?1 added oil was tested. The experimental test diets had a 2 : 1 or 1 : 2 ratio of SFA to MUFA (SFA‐D and MUFA‐D, respectively) compared to a control diet (CTRL‐D) fed for 8 weeks. The diets containing mostly olive oil (dietary MUFA‐D) and mostly refined palm oil (dietary SFA‐D) did not impact the growth performance or feed utilization parameters of the barramundi. The in vivo beta‐oxidation activity was consistent with the dietary fatty acid composition, with the most dominant FA being heavily beta‐oxidized. Together, the in vivo whole‐body mass balance of fatty acids showed that n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) were most efficiently utilized in the SFA‐D‐ and MUFA‐D‐fed fish. This study provides evidence that additional dietary MUFA and SFA are suitable lipid classes for juvenile barramundi and they are both equally efficient at sparing LC‐PUFA from an oxidative fate.     

The Effects of Natural Antioxidant Extract Isolated from Giant Red Shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) Shells on Fatty Acid Profiles of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) During Refrigerated Storage

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of natural antioxidant extract isolated from the shells of giant red shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) on the changes in fatty acid profile of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) during refrigerated storage (2.7°C). Total antioxidant activity of shell extract was determined as 45.84%, total phenolic compound as 17.87 mg/100 g shell, and total carotenoid content in shell as 20.31 mg/100 g shell. Total saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in the control group and the group with 0.1% shell extract addition were found to be affected by the duration of storage (p < 0.05). A percentage increase was determined in MUFA content, while decreases were observed in PUFA content. No statistically significant change was detected in SFA, MUFA, and PUFA contents of groups with added butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 0.5% of shell extract (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the extract isolated from shrimp shells could be used during the cold storage of fish fillets instead of synthetic antioxidants.     

Simultaneous Extraction and Fractionation of Fish Oil from Tuna By-Product Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2)

ABSTRACT

Fish oil was extracted and simultaneously collected into six fractions based on molecular weight and the chain length of triglycerides in terms of fatty acid constituents without splitting of the triglycerides, using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) at optimized conditions of 40 MPa, 65°C, and a flow rate 3 mL min^?1. In each type of fractionation, the first fraction (F1) was rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA; 52.57 to 61.26%), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; 22.17 to 23.22%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; (0.54 to 20.37%); the sixth fraction (F6) was rich in PUFA (48.93%), followed by MUFA (33.59%) and SFA (13.61%). It was obvious that short-chain fatty acids were extracted at an earlier fraction; therefore, the latter fractions were dominant in long-chain fatty acids, especially MUFA and PUFA. Thus, omega-3 fish oil (last three fractions) was successfully separated to be used as a value-added health product.     

Lipid Changes During Long-Term Storage of Canned Sprat

Lipid changes during canning and 3-years storage of oil and brine canned sprat were studied. Thermal treatment during precooking and sterilization produced an increase in free fatty acid content. Secondary oxidation product showed a considerable increase in canned samples after storage time. A significant increase was found by comparing the fluorescence shift measured in both canned samples with cooked fish. The fluorescence compound in both filling media was increased after 3 years. Oil canning affected the sprat fatty acids composition. Results showed the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and Σω3 significantly decreased in oil canned samples. However, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and Σω6 had the opposite behavior. The latter effect was more marked with increased storage time. Results showed the amount of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and Σω3 did not alter in brine canned samples. After storage, the amount of MUFA and Σω3 decreased, and the content of SFA increased in brine canned samples.     

不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾生长、消化酶活性及其肌肉生化组成的影响

通过在人工配合饲料中分别添加5%的花生油、猪油、鱼油和豆油作为主要脂肪源,以商业饲料为对照,进行8周饲喂实验,研究不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)幼虾生长、消化酶活性及其肌肉生化组成的影响。结果显示,不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾的体长增长率和特定增长率影响不显著(P0.05);但增重率各组间存在显著性差异(P0.05),以豆油组最高,达到2332.93%,花生油组最低,为1839.50%;豆油组肝胰腺指数显著高于其他各组(P0.05),为0.75%。幼虾存活率以豆油组最高(P0.05),达到83.3%,鱼油组较低,仅为56.7%。不同脂肪源饲喂组的肝胰腺胃蛋白酶活力无显著差异(P0.05);脂肪酶活力花生油组显著高于其他实验组(P0.05),为1177.23U/g(prot);淀粉酶活力各组间差异显著(P0.05),由高到低依次为鱼油组、对照组、豆油组、猪油组、花生油组;纤维素酶活力以花生油组较高,为61.14U/(gprot()P0.05)。幼虾腹部肌肉中各种脂肪酸的含量明显受到饲料中脂肪酸种类和含量的影响,饱和脂肪酸含量猪油组显著高于其他组(P0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸以花生油组含量最高,豆油组最低;多不饱和脂肪酸则以豆油组含量最高(P0.05)。在各实验组中,豆油组红螯光壳螯虾幼体具有最高的体质量增长率和存活率,较高的肝胰腺指数和肝胰腺消化酶活力,豆油组幼虾腹部肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸尤其是亚油酸和亚麻酸含量也较高。因此,以豆油作为主要脂肪源能够满足红螯光壳螯虾幼体的生长需要,获得较好的饲养效果,并降低饲料成本。     

野生与人工养殖牙鲆亲鱼不同组织脂肪酸的比较

为研究脂肪酸对牙鲆繁育性能的影响, 采用生物化学方法, 对野生和养殖牙鲆亲鱼肌肉、肝脏及卵中脂肪酸组成分别进行测定。结果表明: (1) 牙鲆肌肉、肝脏和卵中脂肪含量大小关系为肝脏>卵>肌肉。野生亲鱼肌肉和卵中脂肪含量显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 肝脏脂肪含量与养殖亲鱼无显著差异; (2) 牙鲆亲鱼3种组织中均检测出21种脂肪酸。野生亲鱼肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)与养殖亲鱼无显著差异, 单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05)。肝脏和卵中SFA显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), MUFA与养殖亲鱼无显著差异; (3) 野生亲鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵中高不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量, 尤其是肝脏和卵中C20:5n-3(EPA)、C22:6n-3(DHA)的含量均显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 但肌肉和卵中的C20:4n-6(ARA)含量明显高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05); (4) 野生牙鲆亲鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵中n-3/n-6 PUFA及EPA/ARA显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 肝脏中DHA/EPA显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 但野生亲鱼肌肉和卵中的DHA/EPA与养殖亲鱼无显著差异。比较结果说明, DHA、EPA和ARA等PUFA是与牙鲆繁殖性能密切相关的重要脂肪酸。在牙鲆亲鱼养殖过程中, 除了提供牙鲆亲鱼足够的脂肪酸营养外, 也应注意各种脂肪酸, 尤其是PUFA中各种脂肪酸之间的添加比例, 从而保证亲鱼的繁殖性能及卵和仔鱼的质量。     

日粮中碳水化合物类型对多鳞白甲鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成及健康状况的影响

为探究多鳞白甲鱼幼鱼日粮中最佳碳水化合物添加类型，以葡萄糖、麦芽糖、糊精、玉米淀粉及纤维素5种碳水化合物为糖源，分别配制5种日粮，对多鳞白甲鱼幼鱼进行了为期56 d的养殖实验。结果显示，(1)生长及饲料利用率方面，麦芽糖组的终末体重、特定生长率、饵料系数以及蛋白质效率等指标最佳，纤维素组最差。(2)体成分方面，纤维素组全鱼粗脂肪水平最低，粗灰分水平显著高于麦芽糖组，麦芽糖组及纤维素组肌糖原含量最低，糊精组肝糖原含量最低。(3)主成分分析表明，C16:0、SFA、MUFA和PUFA比例对肝胰脏脂肪酸比例产生主要影响，其中，C16:0和SFA比例在麦芽糖组显著提高，MUFA比例在糊精组显著提高，而PUFA在纤维素组显著提高；C18:1n-9和MUFA比例对肌肉和脂肪组织总体脂肪酸组成产生主要影响，二者比例在麦芽糖组显著提高。(4)血清生化指标方面，麦芽糖组及纤维素组谷丙转氨酶活性、麦芽糖组谷草转氨酶活性显著较高，葡萄糖组及纤维素组碱性磷酸酶活性、球蛋白含量较高，而血糖含量反之。(5)抗氧化能力方面，麦芽糖组肝胰脏过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性最高，纤维素组丙二醛含量最...     

察尔森水库细鳞斜颌鲴营养成分分析及评价

本试验对察尔森水库细鳞斜颌鲴(Plagiognathops microlepis)肌肉营养成分进行了分析及评价。试验采用常规营养成分分析法对细鳞斜颌鲴肌肉一般营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成进行了测定。结果表明:细鳞斜颌鲴肌肉中水分含量为79.31%、粗蛋白含量为16.56%、粗脂肪含量为0.94%、灰分含量为1.13%、总糖含量为0.38%。细鳞斜颌鲴肌肉共检出18种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸(EAA)8种,非必需氨基酸(NEAA)10种,总氨基酸(TAA)含量为16.28%,EAA含量为6.72%,NEAA含量为9.56%;EAA/TAA(41.29%)及EAA/NEAA(70.32%)均在FAO/WHO推荐值以上。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)结果是第一限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸(Trp),而第二限制性氨基酸,AAS是苏氨酸(Thr),CS是苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸(Phe+Tyr)。细鳞斜颌鲴肌肉共检出21种脂肪酸,其中7种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、3种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、11种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),分别占脂肪酸总量的25.22%、22.02%、37.76%;C20∶5n3(EPA)含量为11.87%,C22∶6n3(DHA)含量为11.55%。从营养分析结果来看,细鳞斜颌鲴是一种营养价值极高的食用鱼类。     

Influence of dietary nucleotides supplementation on growth,body composition and fatty acid profile of Beluga sturgeon juveniles (Huso huso)

Effect of different levels (0%, 0.15%, 0.25%, 0.35% and 0.50%) of Optimûn, a commercial nucleotide (NT) product, on the growth performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of juvenile Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) (12.57 ± 0.5 g) was investigated over a 62‐day period. This experiment was done in fifteen 600 L tanks, each stocked with 30 fish. Fish fed nucleotide showed significantly better growth performance (P < 0.05). Incorporation of 0.25% and 0.35% NT resulted in whole body protein content elevation, but the other proximate composition indices were not influenced by dietary nucleotide treatments. There were significant differences in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and total unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) levels among fish fed on different experimental diets, while monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n‐3 PUFA, n‐6 PUFA, n3/n6 and eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid were not influenced by NT. The results showed that diet supplementation with 0.35% Optimûn (NT) enhance growth performance, also administration of 0.25% and 0.35% affected chemical composition, as well as decreased SFA/TUFA ratio of Beluga juvenile.     

不同生长时期红螯螯虾肌肉和肝胰腺内氨基酸和脂肪酸变化分析

为了研究不同生长时期红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)肌肉和肝胰腺内脂肪酸和氨基酸的动态变化,选取90 d (第二性征未发育)、140 d (第二性征发育成熟)和180 d (性腺发育成熟)的红螯螯虾,分别测定其肌肉和肝胰腺内氨基酸和脂肪酸的含量。结果显示,90 d红螯螯虾肌肉中的必需氨基酸总量显著高于其他2个时期(P<0.05);而红螯螯虾肝胰腺内必需氨基酸总量和非必需氨基酸总量均随着日龄增加而逐渐下降。比较不同生长时期肌肉中脂肪酸含量发现,随着日龄增长,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量呈下降趋势;而单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,140 d含量最高[(25.69±0.42)%];多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量呈上升的变化趋势。肝胰腺中SFA含量在 3个生长时期内无显著性差异(P>0.05),MUFA含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,140 d含量最高[(37.44±0.59)%],而PUFA含量变化与MUFA正好相反。营养价值评估结果显示,180 d (可上市销售)的红螯螯虾肌肉内必需氨基酸指数(49.96%)高于联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)评分模式(31.50%)和全鸡蛋蛋白质模式(43.10%),是较为理想的优质食物蛋白源。由上可知,在不同生长时期,肌肉和肝胰腺中的氨基酸、脂肪酸的主要消耗不同,研究结果对了解不同生长时期红螯螯虾营养需求、开发红螯螯虾配合饲料提供了参考依据。     

低盐碱池塘养殖雅罗鱼及其杂交种肌肉营养成分分析

本研究旨在为池养雅罗鱼肌肉营养成分的评定和规模化配合饲料的配制提供基础数据。选取达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii,简称DL)、松花江瓦氏雅罗鱼(L.waleckii,简称SHJ)、高体雅罗鱼(L.idus,简称GT)以及种内杂交种(达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼♀×松花江瓦氏雅罗鱼♂,简称DS)和种间杂交种(达里湖瓦氏雅罗鱼♀×高体雅罗鱼♂,简称DG)各15尾,每种鱼等量分成3组,测定其背部肌肉的一般营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。结果显示:1)除水分含量无明显差异外,5种养殖雅罗鱼的灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量均出现明显差异(P0.05)。其中DS杂交的灰分(1.77%)含量显著高于其他4种雅罗鱼(1.16%~1.22%),粗脂肪含量(7.23%)显著高于其双亲组合(DL 4.31%,SHJ 4.22%)及含量最低的DG杂交(3.32%),表现出超亲的杂种优势;5种养殖雅罗鱼具有较高的蛋白质含量(17.05%~18.80%),其中DG和DL的蛋白质含量明显高于其他3种养殖群体(P0.05),显示出较强的杂种优势;2)5种雅罗鱼肌肉中均测定出18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量(TAA)介于73.058%~79.289%,DG和DL的TAA含量、AAS、CS及EAAI指数均高于其他3种雅罗鱼,与其粗蛋白的测定结果相符,表明母本DL将其高蛋白的遗传特性很好地遗传给了子代,进一步证明了杂种优势;3)5种雅罗鱼肌肉中均检测到23种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量分别为15.03%~19.06%、49.15%~53.92%和27.54%~29.40%,PUFA/SFA比值介于1.53~1.83;SFA和PUFA含量较高的是GT和DL,而MUFA含量较高的是DG和DS两个杂交种。综上所述,5种盐碱池塘养殖雅罗鱼的肌肉营养成分较均衡,属优质蛋白质;杂交选育可以有效改善杂交种的肌肉营养品质,获得的高脂高蛋白的DS杂交和低脂高蛋白的DG杂交可以满足不同的市场需求。     

宁波地区桃花水母的脂肪酸组成研究

2004年10月、2005年7月于浙江省宁波市七塔寺、江北区、天童寺采得多个桃花水母标本.用GC/MS法分析后的结果表明,三地桃花水母总脂含量平均值为16.30%.共检测到加种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)8种、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)5种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)7种.其中PUFA含量最高,占总脂肪酸的44.37%～50.59%,而SFA和MUFA分别占总脂肪酸的33.96%～39.14%和11.32%～21.67%.     

刀鲚两种生态类群-“江刀”和“海刀”鱼肉营养组成的比较及品质的评价

采用常规方法对刀鲚两种生态类群("江刀"和"海刀")的鱼肉营养成分进行了分析比较并评价了鱼肉品质。结果表明,"江刀"鱼肉粗脂肪含量显著高于"海刀"(P<0.01),是"海刀"的2.03倍,而粗蛋白、水分、灰分含量则低于"海刀"。"江刀"和"海刀"鱼肉的水解氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有18种氨基酸,总量分别占鱼肉鲜样的11.55%和15.37%,其中7种EAA(Leu、Ile、Phe、Try、Thr、Val、Lys)、1种HEAA(Arg)和4种NEAA(Glu、Ser、Tyr、Pro)的含量在"江刀"与"海刀"间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),8种人体必需氨基酸含量分别占鲜样的4.87%和6.4%,与非必需氨基酸的比值分别为85.59%、83.44%,其必需氨基酸构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准。另外,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为22.32、41.82,支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值(F值)分别为2.43、2.49,4种鲜味氨基酸含量分别占鲜样的4.59%、6.12%;"江刀"鱼肉鲜样中牛磺酸含量(265.43 mg/100 g)显著高于"海刀"(200.93 mg/100 g)。采用甲酯化法衍生化"江刀"、"海刀",再经GC/MS分析鉴定出20种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)9种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)5种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)6种。"江刀"多不饱和脂肪酸(9.05%)显著低于"海刀"(13.20%),其中"江刀"EPA与DHA(4.21%、2.26%)显著低于"海刀"(6.71%、2.92%),但绝对含量显著高于"海刀"(P<0.05);ω3PUFA/ω6PUFA值分别为2.67和2.87。全鱼肉中矿物质含量丰富,尤其是Se,Na、Mg、Se的含量在"江刀"和"海刀"之间均存在明显的差异。本研究结果将为刀鲚种质标准的建立和两种生态类群的鉴别提供科学依据。     

Effects of dietary factors, stocking biomass and domestication on the nutritional and technological quality of the Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis

The ante mortem determinism of the quality components in fish is multivariate. Among the various influencing factors, the effects of (i) rearing biomass, (ii) dietary features and (iii) domestication process on the technological and nutritional variables in perch Perca fluviatilis here were studied using two-levels fractional factorial design 2^4-1 (resolution IV). This work allowed identifying two main factors, i.e. domestication and diet composition, which influence both technological and nutritional variables. Domestication was the parameter showing the greatest effect on both filleting yield (FY) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA) content, whereas diet composition chiefly influenced viscerosomatic index (VSI) and total poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA and MUFA) contents. Domesticated fish exhibited higher FY (42.8%) and total SFA (25.1% of total fatty acids or FA) content than wild fish (FY = 40.1%, total SFA = 22.9%). Concerning the effect of food composition, diet including only fish oil as lipid source (FO) induced higher VSI than diet including vegetable oil (FV) VSI = 8.8% vs 7.4%, respectively). Moreover, FV diet induced higher n-6 PUFA but lower n-3 PUFA contents in fillets than did the FO diet (total n-6 PUFA = 6.3% vs 5.4% and total n-3 PUFA = 52.6% vs 55.2% of total FA respectively). FV fish fillets had significantly higher total MUFA (17.7% of total FA) contents in muscle than FO fish (14.8%). Concerning this last variable, domestication played only a role in interaction with diet composition. With FO diet, no difference in total MUFA content between wild and domesticated perch was noticed. However, total MUFA content increased with FV diet and was significantly higher in fillets of wild fish (18.7% vs 16.6% of total FA for domesticated). No effect of either feeding rate or initial biomass on the body composition was noticed. In addition, perivisceral fat content was not influenced by any treatment.     

Fatty acid and proximate composition of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) muscle with regard to plasma lipids

The composition of tail muscle fatty acids from wild and cultured bluefin tuna reared on a diet based on herring and sardine, along with the plasma lipid profile of the farmed individuals, was determined. The total lipid content of farmed bluefin in this study was 0.922 g/100 g or 3.49 g of saturated fatty acids (SAFA), 4.48 g of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 2.58 g polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n‐3 and 0.37 g of PUFA n‐6 fatty acids; for wild specimens, it was 0.920 g/100 g, or 2.85 g of SAFA, 4.82 g of MUFA, 2.78 g PUFA n‐3 and 0.27 g of PUFA n‐6 fatty acids. The major fatty acids in this study were 16:0; 16:1, n‐7; 18:1, n‐9 and DHA 22:6, n‐3 acids. The sum of these major components accounted for more than 57% and 80% of the total fatty acids in all the samples of farmed and wild tuna respectively. No significant differences in the proximate composition were demonstrated between farmed and wild samples, except for the energy value, in favour of the farmed tuna. Statistically, glucose tends to increase together with cholesterol (CHOL) and plasma triglyceride, as for these pairs, it showed positive correlation coefficients and P>0.05. Some measured tuna metabolites demonstrated strong mutual correlations, especially GLU, CHOL and TRIG, which are crucial factors in the lipid profile of animals.     

网箱与微流水养殖的齐口裂腹鱼肌肉营养成分的比较与分析

本研究比较和分析网箱与微流水两种养殖模式下体质量(76.5±17.8)g和(67.2±8.1)g的齐口裂腹鱼Schizothorax prenanti肌肉常规营养成分。结果显示:两组齐口裂腹鱼肌肉中一般营养成分含量不存在显著性差异,均含有18种氨基酸;除色氨酸(Trp)和组氨酸(His)外,网箱组齐口裂腹鱼肌肉中其余氨基酸、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量均显著低于微流水组。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)结果显示:两组齐口裂腹鱼肌肉中必需氨基酸构成合理,色氨酸均为第一限制性氨基酸,赖氨酸在必需氨基酸中评分最高。两组齐口裂腹鱼肌肉中均含有21种脂肪酸,网箱组饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量显著低于微流水组,而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量显著高于微流水组,且n-3/n-6比值要高于网箱组。综上所述,微流水养殖的齐口裂腹鱼营养价值更高。     

The effect of time‐dependent protein restriction on growth factors,nonspecific immunity,body composition,fatty acids and amino acids in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)

The effect of time‐dependent protein restriction (PR) and refeeding were investigated on growth, body composition, fatty acids (FA), amino acids (AA) and nonspecific immune functions in the juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri; 75 ± 5 g). Test diets included: T1 (control) and T2 fish fed diets containing 400 and 300 g/kg protein respectively during the whole experimental period, T3 (every other day) and T4 (every other week) fish were fed diets containing 300 g/kg protein (PR) and refeeding with diet containing 400 g/kg protein respectively, and T5 fish fed a diet containing 300 g/kg protein for 3 weeks and a diet containing 400 g/kg protein for 5 weeks, were fed to the fish for 56 days by visual satiation. Unlike ration T2 and T5, feeding treatments of T3 and T4 showed an increase in fish growth and body composition (p < 0.05) and they were very close to the control group (p > 0.05). Regarding the fatty acid profile, although the percentage of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) declined significantly in the T2 and T5 groups, the saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) indicated no change among the treatments. In addition, the T2 and T5 groups demonstrated a reduction in essential amino acids (EAA) with a simultaneous increase in nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), which was significant from that of controls and other groups (p < 0.05). In terms of nonspecific immune parameters (serum lysozyme activity and alternate complement activity [ACH50]), treatment 3 has an appropriate result that did not have a significant difference with the control group (p > 0.05), but there was significant difference with other groups (p < 0.05). As a result, the T3 treatment can be used in sturgeon aquaculture practically without any negative impacts on biological or physiological indices.     

Variations in fatty acids composition of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) liver with respect to gonad maturation

Abstract –  We examined seasonal variations in liver condition factor, total lipid and fatty acid composition of maturing pikeperch ( Sander lucioperca) from Lake Eğirdir, Turkey. The spawning of pikeperch in Eğirdir Lake started in March, continued very fast during May and gradually ended in July as determined by measuring the gonadosomatic index. The total lipid content of male and female liver reached its highest level in September and November (the end of dense feeding period during which temperature decreased sharply), but declined to the lowest level in May (just after spawning). The highest level of liver condition factor was observed in January and March during which gonads mature rapidly. Palmitic acid was the predominant saturated fatty acid (SFA) in female and male liver. The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was higher than that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in both sexes. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n -3), eicosopentaenoic acid (20:5 n -3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n -6) were the predominant PUFA. Seasonal variations in PUFA were more evident than that in other fatty acids. PUFA, especially the n -3 fatty acids ratio, increased to the maximum level during the sharp decreases in temperature (in November). However, the amount of PUFA decreased to the lowest level in reproductive period. The results suggest that the ratio of pikeperch liver fatty acids is influenced by gonad maturation and temperature variations and that pikeperch requires a large amount of PUFA and the n -3 fatty acids for the development of gonads.     

深水网箱和池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉营养成分的比较分析

对深水网箱和池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸质量分数进行了比较分析。结果显示:1)网箱养殖对虾肌肉粗蛋白质量分数显著高于池塘养殖(P0.05),而水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分质量分数无显著差异(P0.05);2)肌肉中检测到18种常见氨基酸,网箱养殖对虾肌肉氨基酸总量(TAA)、天门冬氨酸(Asp)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、精氨酸(Arg)和脯氨酸(Pro)质量分数显著高于池塘养殖(P0.05),而必需氨基酸(EAA)、半必需氨基酸(HEAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)和虾味氨基酸(PFAA)两者无显著差异(P0.05);3)肌肉中检测到30种常见脂肪酸,两者的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(EPA和DHA)质量分数差异显著(P0.05),以网箱养殖对虾较高;两者的棕榈酸(C16∶0)质量分数最高,且网箱养殖对虾EPA+DHA质量分数是池塘养殖的1.90倍。结果表明,网箱养殖对虾营养成分要优于池塘养殖,具有较高的营养价值。